Begg's Mechanotherapy ORTHO / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy

INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY

Leader in continuing dental education

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At present there are two main forms of orthodontic appliances :1.The Removable appliances 2.The Fixed appliancesThe efficiency of the removable

appliances invented to date is low when compared to the fixed appliances .With removable appliances ;one can only bring about the tipping of the teeth.www.indiandentalacademy.com

It is possible with the fixed appliances to

move teeth bodily in all directions. Furthermore , with fixed appliances

the roots of teeth can be torqued

lingually or Labially /bucally.


According to ANGLE, of first importance in the evolution of fixed orthodontic appliance was “The Bow of Fauchard” of France (1728); also called “The

Bandelete”. Magill was the first to use a plain band

cemented to the tooth by oxychloride of zinc .


THE E-ARCH

In the late 1800’s came the first appliance by Dr. Edward Heartly Angle called the ;E-Arch.

The E-Arch was only capable of tipping teeth to a new position.

Bands were placed only on the molars, and a heavy labial wire extended around the arch.


THE E-ARCH


THE PIN AND TUBE APPLIANCESince, the E-Arch was unable to precisely

position any individual tooth, Angle started to place bands on other teeth and used a vertical tube on each tooth into which a soldered pin from a smaller arch wire was placed .

Tooth movement was accomplished by repositioning the individual pins at each appointment.


THE PIN AND TUBE APPLIANCE


In 1915 Dr. R.D Robinson presented a system for painless and positive tooth movement. Unsatisfied with the complexities of the pin and tube appliance and the extreme pressure associated with the expansion arch ,he used rigid attachments with light 0.020``arch wires.


Dr. CALVIN S.CASE’S APPLIANCE FOR TORQUING ROOTS OF

ANTERIOR TEETH LINGUALLY

The earliest record of the appliance designed for moving tooth roots is Calvin Case’s appliance in 1908.


THE RIBBON ARCH APPLIANCE

In the 1915 ,Dr. E.H Angle modified the tube on each tooth to provide a vertically positioned rectangular slot behind the tube.This gave birth to the RIBBON ARCH APPLIANCE.

It replaced the complicated “pin and tube” appliance ,and was an“ultimate” appliance primarily because the arch wire had good spring properties and was efficient in aligning teeth .


The ribbon arch could be twisted when inserted into the slot ,but the major weakness of the appliance was that it provided poor control of root position.

The resiliency of the ribbon arch wire did not allow generation of the moments necessary to torque the roots to the new position.A ribbon arch used 10 x 20 gold wire into the slot and was held with pins.

(Rectangular arch wire used for the 1st time)


THE RIBBON ARCH BRACKET AND WIRE


To overcome the deficiencies of the RIBBON ARCH ,Dr.Angle in the year 1925 took the ribbon arch wire ,which was normally inserted vertically from the incisal , and turned it on its edge…... “EDGEWISE”……to insert it horizontally.

The dimension of the slot were altered to 22 x 28 mils, and a 22 x 28 precious metal wire was used. www.indiandentalacademy.com

These dimensions were arrived at after extensive experiments and , did allow EXCELLENT control of the crown and the root positions in all the 3-planes.

Angle instructed Dr. Begg and Fred Ishii of Japan in the use of the Edgewise mechanism, before it was revealed to the profession.Since Dr. Angle was ill , it was they who first treated patients with the “EDGEWISE” appliances .



GRIFFIN’S RESILIENT ARCH ASSEMBLAGE

In the year 1930 Dr.E.M Griffin introduced the resilient arch assemblage Center sections of the brackets were soldered to the arch wire ,preventing free tipping and sliding of the teeth on the wire .

Lingual arch wires were also used.www.indiandentalacademy.com


Employs less tooth moving force than Angle’s mechanism.

Each of the two light round arch wires is 0.011`` in diameter.



In 1925 , Dr. Begg came back to Australia and started practicing the EDGEWISE mechanism…..NON-EXTRACTION as advocated by Dr.Angle

For 2 years he faithfully followed Dr. Angle’s teaching of retaining full compliment of teeth.


Dr.Begg was not satisfied with many of his patient’s post-Rx profiles, and was faced with even greater problems….. Serious relapse.

In Feb 1928 he began to routinely remove teeth and /or reduce tooth widths by proximal stripping ;as he knew from his experience and the role of attrition, that such reduction is often necessary for enhanced function, stability and esthetics.


Initially Dr. Begg was faced with fanatical opposition from other dentists.It was only after his superior Rx results which stood the test of time that the criticism relented.

Dr.Begg’s experiences in this regard paralleled those of Dr. Charles H. Tweed of Tucson , Arizona, encountered 10 years later.


Dr.Begg began to realize THE EDGEWISE MECHANICS was not designed to rapidly close the extraction spaces , or quickly reduce the deep bites.

Thus ,to facilitate such changes he began to use .020``round platinized gold,rather the rectangular arch wire in 1929.


In 1931 or 1932 he started using .018``

round stainless steel wire .

In 1933 he began treating some cases using S.S White Ribbon Arch Brackets ,he realized that these relatively narrow brackets with vertically facing slots allowed the teeth to move under much lighter forces.


In 1940’s Dr.Begg met Mr. A.J Willcock, who was directing metallurgical research projects at the University of Melbourne, Australia.

Mr. ARTHUR J.WILLCOCK


After many years of research and development in producing high tensile stainless steel wires , Mr. Willcock finally produced a cold-drawn ,heat-treated wire that combined the balance between hardness and resilience with the unique property of ZERO-STRESS RELAXATION


In 1952 Dr.Begg began to use .016`` round ss arch wires instead of .018``.

It was then possible to open the deep anterior over-bites quickly.

In 1953 he began to experiment with root tipping springs to upright teeth mesio-distally.


In 1954 Dr. Begg published a paper entitled “Stone age man’s attritional occlusion”.

At the end of this article he disclosed a new tecnique which he referred to as the “ROUND WIRE TECNIQUE”,advocating the use of .018`` ss wire in modified Ribbon arch brackets.


Dr. Begg bent both intermaxillary hooks and vertical spurs directly in the light round arch wire.

He had same problem of controlling the mesio-distal inclinations of teeth with Ribbon arch brackets which Dr. Angle had 30 yrs before .He attempted to solve this problem by soldering horizontal band spurs and eyelets to the labial and buccal surfaces of the bands.




In 1956 Dr.Begg had another article published entitled “DIFFERENTIAL FORCE IN ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT”.

It stated “When a relatively light force is applied between small-rooted anterior teeth and large –rooted posterior teeth , the anterior teeth move relatively rapidly with a minimum disturbance to the tooth investing tissues.


The large –rooted posterior teeth remain stationary”.

Conversely , if relatively heavy force were applied in the same situation , the anterior teeth would resist movement due to pathology around their roots .This same force applied and distributed over large –rooted teeth would be much less per sq.unit of root surface and result in their relatively rapid ,physiologic movement.


Dr. H.D KESLINGwww.indiandentalacademy.com

In 1957 Dr.H.D Kesling &Dr. George Dinham traveled to Adelaide to learn the tecnique of Dr.Begg.

After returning back to united states Dr.Kesling started treating all his patients with Dr.Begg’s tecnique ,He also tried to improvise the modified ribbon arch bracket in lure to design a better bracket.


He designed many versions , the most popular became to known as the DOUBLE – TAB BRACKET.

In the year 1960 Dr.Begg presented some of his treated cases before the American Association of Orthodontists, Dr. Kesling was amazed by the quality of treatment,

and 3 hours after seeing the quality of the results Dr. Kesling took the decision to scrap his Double – tab brackets



In the subsequent years Begg refined his technique further and

1. Separated the technique into 3- stages and established objectives for each

stage.

2. Developed root- torquing – auxiliaries separate from the main arch wire.

3. Introduced the mesio-distal uprighting springs for efficient root movements. www.indiandentalacademy.com

Dr. Begg over a period of 20- 30 years refined his technique to the present form

of art & science. Since many of his patients lived hundreds of miles from Adelaide ,it was advantageous for him to have a technique that required as few visits as possible.


Since 1960 hundreds of courses of the Begg’s light wire techniqhe have been held around the world and thousands of orthodontists have been trained . But with the advent and improvisation of the straight wire technique , the light wire technique has lost its charm.


1.Begg orthodontic theory and technique -3rd edition

2.Revised Begg appliance – Barry Mollenhauer

3.Cadman article4.Graber and swain5.Fletcher


www.indiandentalacademy.comLeader in continuing dental

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Begg's Mechanotherapy ORTHO / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy

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