Use of beeswax for repair of damaged dry human bones in anatomy Shruthi Bhat, Sheela G Nayak, Vidhyashambava Pare, Sagar Borker Kurinji Venkatramana Gowda Medical College, Sullia, Karnataka National journal of clinical anatomy Vol. 2(4), Pg: 200-203 2013
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Beeswax used for repairing damaged dry human bones
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Use of beeswax for repair of damaged dry human bones in anatomy
Shruthi Bhat, Sheela G Nayak, Vidhyashambava Pare, Sagar Borker
Kurinji Venkatramana Gowda Medical College, Sullia, Karnataka
National journal of clinical anatomy
Vol. 2(4), Pg: 200-203
2013
Beeswax
• The wax is formed by worker bees
• Initially glass-clear and colourless
• becoming opaque after mastication and adulteration with pollen
• to build honeycomb cells
Contents
• Hydrocarbons
• Monoesters, diesters, triesters
• Hydroxy polyesters
• Acid esters, acid polyesters
• Free fatty acids, free fatty alcohols
• Unidentified substances
Physical charecteristics
• Tough wax
• Low melting point – 62 – 64 degree Celsius
• Discolours when heated above 85 degree c
• Cold – brittle
• Room temperature – tenascious
• Soft & pliable @ 35-40 degree c
Uses
• Types – yellow(crude), white(bleached) & beeswax absolute(treated with alcohol)
• Used for – food, cosmetics & pharmaceuticals
Food
• Food additive
• Glazing agent
• Coat cheese, fruits
• Ingredient in chewing gum
Cosmetics
• Substitute for petroleum jelly
• Lip balm, lip gloss, hand creams, eye liners, eye shadow, etc.
• Moustache wax
• Hair pomades
Clincally
• Surgical bone wax – control bleeding from bone surface
Historical use
• Lost wax casting “cire – perdue”
• Wax tablets
• Encaustic paintings
• Strengthen sewing thread
• Sealing wax
• Didgeridoo
• Tooth filling
Objective
• Studied use of beeswax to repair damaged dry human bones used in anatomy.