Cell Cycle Week 16 Ch. 8.1-2 Pg. 195
Jun 27, 2015
Cell Cycle Week 16 Ch. 8.1-2 Pg. 195
Osmosis
the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane, regulating the water flow through the plasma membrane is an important
factor in maintaining homeostasis within the cell
Iso hyper hypo
same more, less, over under
Isotonic solution
• the concentration of dissolved substances outside the cells is the same as the concentration of dissolved substances inside the cell
Hypertonic solution
• the concentration of dissolved substances outside the cells is the higher than the concentration of dissolved substances inside the cell
Hypotonic solution
When the concentration of dissolved substances outside the cells
is lower
than the concentration of dissolved substances inside the cell
Passive transport / active transport
the movement of particles across a membrane
Facilitated diffusion
• passive transport of materials across the membrane using transport proteins,
• does not require energy
Active Transport
• movement of materials
through a membrane against a concentration gradient
• using transport proteins,
• requires energy
Endo
IN
Enter
OUT
Exit
Exo
Endocytosis
• a process by which
a cell surrounds and takes in material from its environment,
• requires energy
• a process by which
• a cell surrounds and takes in material from its environment,
• requires energy
Exocytosis
Exocytosis
• the expulsion or secretion of materials out from a cell, such as wastes and hormones,
• requires energy
chromatin / DNA
for most of a cells lifetime, chromo_______ exist in long strands wrapped around proteins called histones
Chromosome / chromatin / DNA chroma =
• structures in the nucleus that seem to vanish soon after division of a cell, contain DNA and become darkly colored when stained, carriers of the genetic material that is copied and passed from generation to generation of cells
color
Cell cycle (3 phases)
Interphase Mitosis Cytokinesis
the sequence of growth and division of a cell
Interphase
• the majority of a cells life is spent in this phase, a growth phase
Cytokinesis
• when the cytoplasm divides, separating the two daughter cells
Mitosis isProphase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase
the period of nuclear division, the process by which two daughter cells are formed, each containing a complete set of chromosomes
Mitosis -
• Prophase first and longest phase of mitosis, the long stringy chromatin coils up into visible chromosomes
Sister chromatids• two halves of
the doubled chromosome structure,
• contain exact copies of each other
• held together by structures
centromere
Centriole
• small dark cylindrical structures that are made of microtubules and are located just outside of the nucleus,
• plays role in chromatid separation
as pairs of centrioles move to opposite ends of the cell, another important structure begins to form
between them, • a football-shaped, cage-like
structure consisting of thin fibers made of microtubules (in plant cells, they form without centrioles),
• plays vital role in the separation of sister chromatids during mitosis
Spindle
Metaphase
• the second phase of mitosis, during which the double chromosomes become attached to spindle fibers by their centromere
Anaphase
• the separation of sister chromatids, the third phase of mitosis, the centromeres split apart and chromatid pairs from each chromosome separate from each other
Telophase
• the final phase of mitosis, begins as the chromatids reach the opposite poles of the cell, chromosomes begin to unwind, spindle breaks down, nucleolus reappears, new nuclear envelope appears around each set of chromosomes
Cytokinesis
• following mitosis,
• when the cell's cytoplasm divides in animals, the plasma membrane pinches in forming two daughter cells in plants, a structure known as the cell plate is laid down across the cell's equator, forming two daughter cells
Thank you!