Ayurvedic Dosage Forms

Ayurvedic PharamacyAyurvedic Pharamacy

AsavaAsavaArishtaArishtaLehyasLehyas LehamLeham AvalehaAvalehaBhasmas Bhasmas ChurnaChurna

TailaGutikaTailaGutikaModakaModaka

VatiVatiVadagamVadagam

► Asava/ArishtaAsava/Arishta are the ayurvedic dosage are the ayurvedic dosage form processed by soaking the drug in form processed by soaking the drug in powdered form / decoction form, in a powdered form / decoction form, in a solution of sugar or jaggery for a specific solution of sugar or jaggery for a specific period of time to undergo fermentationperiod of time to undergo fermentation

► Arishta or Asava treatment is suggested Arishta or Asava treatment is suggested for a variety of diseases and conditionsfor a variety of diseases and conditions

► The difference between arishta and asava The difference between arishta and asava is simple arishta is prepared from the is simple arishta is prepared from the essence/decoction of medicinal herbs essence/decoction of medicinal herbs while asava is prepared from fresh herbswhile asava is prepared from fresh herbs

PreparationPreparationCrude Drug mention in the formulaCrude Drug mention in the formula

↓↓

Powdered the drugPowdered the drug AsavaAsava

Arishta Arishta Powdered drugPowdered drug Decoction of Decoction of

powderpowder ↓↓

Transferred to Fermentation VesselTransferred to Fermentation Vessel↓↓

Solution of Sugar, Jaggery or Honey is added (Heated to Solution of Sugar, Jaggery or Honey is added (Heated to Dissolve)Dissolve)

↓↓

Close the earthen lid sealed edges with clay smeared Close the earthen lid sealed edges with clay smeared clothcloth↓↓

Fermented at constant temp Fermented at constant temp ↓↓

Set aside to settle down matterSet aside to settle down matter↓↓

Fluid decanted & filteredFluid decanted & filtered↓↓

Boil to avoid further fermentationBoil to avoid further fermentation↓↓

Filled in bottle and sealedFilled in bottle and sealed

Properties:Properties:► Should be ClearShould be Clear► No foam should be producedNo foam should be produced► Should not become sour on standingShould not become sour on standing► It has characteristic, aromatic & alcoholic It has characteristic, aromatic & alcoholic

odourodour► During fermentation, Alcohol is produced During fermentation, Alcohol is produced

which facilitates extraction of active which facilitates extraction of active constituents contained in the drugconstituents contained in the drug

► Alcohol also serve as preservative in the Alcohol also serve as preservative in the productproduct

► Earlier, The wooden pots are fumigated Earlier, The wooden pots are fumigated with pippali powder and also smeared with with pippali powder and also smeared with ghee before the fermentation liquids are ghee before the fermentation liquids are pour into thempour into them

Shelf Life:Shelf Life:►Much longer timeMuch longer time

Storage Conditions:Storage Conditions:►Should be stored in air tight containerShould be stored in air tight container►Narrow mouthedNarrow mouthed►Store in cool placeStore in cool place►Away from sunlightAway from sunlight

Marketed Preparations:Marketed Preparations:

AsavasAsavas ArishtasArishtas

KumariasavaKumariasava DashmularishtaDashmularishta

MadhukasavaMadhukasavaDraksharistaDraksharista

PunarnavasavaPunarnavasava VidangaristaVidangarista

ChandanasavaChandanasava AsokarishtaAsokarishta

Lehyas/ Leham/ Avaleha/Lehyas/ Leham/ Avaleha/SemisolidsSemisolids

►Semisolid Ayurvedic dosage form, Semisolid Ayurvedic dosage form, which are thickened, sweetened which are thickened, sweetened extracts of single or combination of extracts of single or combination of herbs/animal & mineral matter.herbs/animal & mineral matter.

►Preparation comprises of: Preparation comprises of: Decoction or other liquidDecoction or other liquid Jaggery/ sugar/ honeyJaggery/ sugar/ honey Powder or Pulp of drugPowder or Pulp of drug Ghee or OilGhee or Oil

► Sugar/ Jaggery + LiquidSugar/ Jaggery + Liquid

↓↓ Boiled & Dissolved (Ghee or Boiled & Dissolved (Ghee or Oil if any)Oil if any)

► Powdered drugs in small quantitiesPowdered drugs in small quantities

↓↓► Stirred continuouslyStirred continuously

↓↓►Homogenous mass is formedHomogenous mass is formed

Properties:Properties:►Can be lifted in a spoon Can be lifted in a spoon ►When pressed between fingers, When pressed between fingers,

show threads during stretchingshow threads during stretching►Sinks in water without getting Sinks in water without getting

easily dissolvedeasily dissolved►Finger leaves impression on itFinger leaves impression on it►Components of lehyas are easily Components of lehyas are easily

absorbed by the body, starting absorbed by the body, starting from the mouthfrom the mouth

Storage:Storage:► Kept in Glass/ Porcelain Jar or suitable Kept in Glass/ Porcelain Jar or suitable

plastic or metal container which is inert.plastic or metal container which is inert.► Wide mouthed container is usedWide mouthed container is used► Air tightAir tight► Keep away from hot & humid conditionsKeep away from hot & humid conditions

Shelf Life:Shelf Life:► Used with in a yearUsed with in a year

Examples:Examples:► Brahma rasayanamBrahma rasayanam► Sukumara rasayanamSukumara rasayanam► DraksavalehaDraksavaleha► ChyavanprashaChyavanprasha

►Bhasmas Bhasmas are powdered form of are powdered form of ayurvedic preparations, obtained by ayurvedic preparations, obtained by calcination of metals, minerals or calcination of metals, minerals or animal products by a special process in animal products by a special process in closed crucibles or pits covered by cow closed crucibles or pits covered by cow dung cakes.dung cakes.

► Examples: Swarn bhasma, Shnakha Examples: Swarn bhasma, Shnakha bhasma and Tamra bhasmabhasma and Tamra bhasma

Preparation of BhasmaPreparation of Bhasma::1.1. ShodhanaShodhana is a process of is a process of purification purification andand

detoxificationdetoxification by which physical and chemical by which physical and chemical blemishes and toxic materials are eliminated blemishes and toxic materials are eliminated substances are subjected for further processing. substances are subjected for further processing.

RRemove harmful substances and impurities emove harmful substances and impurities present in the drugs.present in the drugs.

2.2. MarnaMarna is a process in which metals and is a process in which metals and minerals are made into paste with various drugs minerals are made into paste with various drugs and juices. and juices. Objective Objective to make bhasma and this to make bhasma and this drugs are drugs are reducedreduced to to finest particlesfinest particles..

3.3. JaranaJarana is a process of decomposing the is a process of decomposing the particles by subjected to particles by subjected to fire treatment fire treatment in a in a measured manner for reducing them to measured manner for reducing them to ashes. ashes. To make it absorbable.To make it absorbable.

Types: Types: ► On the basis of color grey, whitish, yellowish On the basis of color grey, whitish, yellowish

or black colored.or black colored.► A more scientific way of classification is on A more scientific way of classification is on

the basis of metal and mineral group like: the basis of metal and mineral group like: Rajata group, Tamra group, Loha group etc.Rajata group, Tamra group, Loha group etc.

Shelf Life:Shelf Life:► Quite stable products, maintain potency for Quite stable products, maintain potency for

a long timea long time

Properties:Properties:► Bhasma has great therapeutic value Bhasma has great therapeutic value

because they get absorbed easily into body because they get absorbed easily into body even in very small doseseven in very small doses

Quality Control of Bhasma:Quality Control of Bhasma:►There should be not metallic lustureThere should be not metallic lusture►When a small quantity is spread on When a small quantity is spread on

cold and still water, it should float on cold and still water, it should float on the surfacethe surface

►The bhasma should not revert to The bhasma should not revert to original state.original state.

Storage: Storage: ►Store in cool & Dry placeStore in cool & Dry place►Keep away from moisture & sunlightKeep away from moisture & sunlight

No. Bhasma Main No. Bhasma Main IngredientIngredient

1.1. Loha bhasma Iron oxideLoha bhasma Iron oxide

2.2. Naga bhasma LeadNaga bhasma Lead

3.3. Abhrak bhasma MicaAbhrak bhasma Mica

4.4. Yasad BhasmaYasad Bhasma Zinc OxideZinc Oxide

5.5. Swarn BhasmaSwarn Bhasma GoldGold

Important bhasmas and their main Important bhasmas and their main ingredientingredient

Churna:Churna:Dried ayurvedic dosage form comprises Dried ayurvedic dosage form comprises of of fine powder of drug/s fine powder of drug/s is known as is known as churna. churna.

Drug can be any dried part of plant: Drug can be any dried part of plant: stem, leaves, root, bark, fruit etc. stem, leaves, root, bark, fruit etc.

The churna is free flowing powder.The churna is free flowing powder.

The The principle of using Churnas principle of using Churnas is due is due to the fact that to the fact that therapeutic value therapeutic value of of most of the substances is greatly most of the substances is greatly increasesincreases when they are when they are reduces to reduces to vary fine state of subdivionvary fine state of subdivion and is and is particularly notable in the cases of particularly notable in the cases of antacids, protective and adsorbents.antacids, protective and adsorbents.

Procedure:Procedure:Drugs mentioned in formula,Drugs mentioned in formula,►Separated PowdersSeparated Powders ↓ ↓ 1. Cleaned properly1. Cleaned properly

2. Dried thoroughly2. Dried thoroughly3. Pulverised (reduced to 3. Pulverised (reduced to

small size)small size)4. Sieved (80 mesh size). 4. Sieved (80 mesh size).

►Weighed Weighed ↓↓

►Mixed together uniformlyMixed together uniformly

Shelf Life:Shelf Life:► If stored properly, retains potency for If stored properly, retains potency for

one year.one year.

Storage conditions:Storage conditions:►Air tight container, Kept away from Air tight container, Kept away from

moisturemoisture►Store in a cool & dry placeStore in a cool & dry place

Advantages:Advantages:►They are also They are also easily administrable easily administrable

specially in the cases of children specially in the cases of children where they can not swallow pills, where they can not swallow pills, tablets or capsulestablets or capsules

Marketed Formulations:Marketed Formulations:

1.1.Ashwagandhadi ChurnaAshwagandhadi Churna

2.2.Triphala ChurnaTriphala Churna

3.3.Trikatu ChurnaTrikatu Churna

4.4.Sudarshan ChurnaSudarshan Churna

5.5.Drakshadi ChurnaDrakshadi Churna

Taila:Taila:► Also called Medicated OilAlso called Medicated Oil

► Liquid ayurvedic dosage form intended for Liquid ayurvedic dosage form intended for external & internal use comprises of external & internal use comprises of compounds with medicinal value or compounds with medicinal value or phytoconstituents present in oilphytoconstituents present in oil

► The Taila preferably should be freshThe Taila preferably should be fresh

► There are usually 3 or 4 essential There are usually 3 or 4 essential components in the manufacture of components in the manufacture of TailaTaila Drava Drava [Any liquid medium as prescribed in [Any liquid medium as prescribed in

the composition]the composition] Kalka Kalka [Fine paste of the specified drug][Fine paste of the specified drug] Sneha dravya Sneha dravya [Taila][Taila] Gandha dravya Gandha dravya [Perfuming agents][Perfuming agents]

►Sneha Dravya (Taila) Sneha Dravya (Taila) (4 Part)(4 Part) ↓↓ + + DravaDrava [Any liquid medium] [Any liquid medium] ((16 16 partpart)) ↓↓ + + KalkaKalka [Fine paste of drugs] [Fine paste of drugs] ((1 1 partpart)) ↓↓ Heat at 50-90 Heat at 50-90 00 C C

►Stir ContinuouslyStir Continuously, , ↓ ↓ Avoid charring of the paste at Avoid charring of the paste at

bottombottom↓ ↓ Appearance of foam at surfaceAppearance of foam at surface

►The process of boiling is to be continued till the The process of boiling is to be continued till the whole amount of moisture gets evaporatedwhole amount of moisture gets evaporated ↓↓

►Filter Filter while hot (about 80while hot (about 8000) and allow to cool.) and allow to cool.↓↓

►Pack it in tightly closed glass containersPack it in tightly closed glass containers

Properties:Properties:► The medicated Taila will have the odour, The medicated Taila will have the odour,

colour and taste of the drugs used in the colour and taste of the drugs used in the process.process.

► Protect from light and moistureProtect from light and moisture► Tailas are preserved in good quality of Tailas are preserved in good quality of

glass, steel or polythene containers.glass, steel or polythene containers.

Shelf Life:Shelf Life:► These medicated preparations retain the These medicated preparations retain the

therapeutic efficacy for sixteen months.therapeutic efficacy for sixteen months.

Usage:Usage:► Used as a internally and topicallyUsed as a internally and topically► They are taken internally with warm They are taken internally with warm

water or warm milkwater or warm milk

Marketed Formulations:Marketed Formulations:►Bhringaraja TailaBhringaraja Taila►Maha Narayan TailaMaha Narayan Taila►Laghu Visagarbha Taila Laghu Visagarbha Taila ► Anu TailaAnu Taila►Dhanvantara TailaDhanvantara Taila

Gutika/ Modaka/ Vati/ Gutika/ Modaka/ Vati/ Vadagam/ Tablets/ Pills Vadagam/ Tablets/ Pills

►Soild ayurvedic dosage form made Soild ayurvedic dosage form made up of one or more drugs of plant, up of one or more drugs of plant, animal or mineral origin by the animal or mineral origin by the process of powdered, sieving, & process of powdered, sieving, & mixing with prescribed liquids and mixing with prescribed liquids and triturated till attained the triturated till attained the consistency suitable for making consistency suitable for making gutika.gutika.

► The drugs of plant origin are dried and made The drugs of plant origin are dried and made into fine powders, separately.into fine powders, separately.

► The minerals are made into bhasmaThe minerals are made into bhasma ↓ ↓

► These are put into a suitable container and These are put into a suitable container and ground to a soft paste with the prescribed ground to a soft paste with the prescribed fluids. When more than one liquid is mentioned fluids. When more than one liquid is mentioned for grinding, they are used in succession.for grinding, they are used in succession. ↓ ↓

► When the mass is properly ground and is in a When the mass is properly ground and is in a condition to be made into pills.condition to be made into pills. ↓ ↓

► Mass is rolled manually or with the help of Mass is rolled manually or with the help of suitable machine, compressed into gutikas/ suitable machine, compressed into gutikas/ vati.vati.

Storage:Storage:►Air tight containerAir tight container►Preparation containing vegetable drugs Preparation containing vegetable drugs

can be used for 2 yearscan be used for 2 years►Preparations containing minerals or Preparations containing minerals or

metals can be used for indefinite periodmetals can be used for indefinite period►Pills and vatis should not lose their Pills and vatis should not lose their

original color, smell, taste and form. original color, smell, taste and form. ►When sugar, salt is an ingredient, the When sugar, salt is an ingredient, the

pills should be kept away from pills should be kept away from moisture.moisture.

Packaging:Packaging:►BottlesBottles►Strip PackingStrip Packing►Blister PackingBlister Packing

Marketed Formulations:Marketed Formulations:►Marikadi GutikaMarikadi Gutika►Khadiradi VatiKhadiradi Vati►Sanjivni VatiSanjivni Vati►Lakshmivilasrasa VatiLakshmivilasrasa Vati