Awesome Ablatives Ablative of Means Ablative of Place Where Feb. 3-7, 2014
Feb 23, 2016
Awesome AblativesAblative of Means
Ablative of Place Where
Feb. 3-7, 2014
Ablative Endings:-ā, -o, -is
Case Singular PluralNominative (subject) -a -aeGenitive (“of”) -ae -arumDative (“to”/ “for”) -ae -isAccusative (direct obj.) -am -asAblative -ā -is
Case Sg. Pl.Nom. (subject) -us -iGen. (“of”) -i -orumDat. (“to”/ “for”) -o -isAcc. (direct obj.) -um -osAbl. -o -is
Remember Our Narrative Chain?
• Lots of ABS!• The ABLATIVE case has many
uses.• There are as many as 15 uses
for the ablative!• This week we’ll learn 2: ablative
of place where and ablative of means.
Ablative of Place Where• A very long name for a very easy concept!• It simply means that when you use the
preposition “in” in Latin, the object of “in” has to be in the ablative case.
• Remember that the Latin word“in” can mean “in” or “on” depending on the context
aqua, aquae (f.)
• Where is the boat? Aqua becomes ablative:aquāin aquā
casa, casae (f.)
• Where is the girl? Casa becomes ablative:casāin casā
unda, undae (f.)• Where are the surfers?
Unda becomes ablative pl.:
undisin undis
equus, equi (m.)
• Where is the man? Equus becomes ablative:equo in equo
Remember that “in” in Latin can
also mean “on”
carrus, carri (m.)
• Where is the girl? Carrus becomes ablative:carroin carro
Ablative of Means
• An ablative word can be used to express the instrument or means by which a person does something.
• This is called the ablative of means.• In English, we have to say “by…” or “with…” to
express the same thing.
Ablative of Means
How does a cook stir the soup?
with a spoon
Ablative of Means
How does the baseball player hit the ball?
with a bat
Ablative of Means
How does the child color the picture?
with crayons
Ablative of Means
• The phrases with a spoon, with a bat, with crayons would be ablatives of means in Latin.
• The ablative of means does NOT use a Latin word for “with” or “by.” You have to add it in the English.
• Remember that we had to add “of” when translating genitives, and “to” when translating datives. Same idea here!
Examples!
• Cibum carro portamus.• We carry the food with a cart.
Examples!
• Romani Siciliam pugnis occupant.• The Romans seize Sicily by battles.
Examples!
• Puella vitam equi cibo servat.• The girl saves the life of the horse with food.
Dative vs. Ablative…How Can I Tell?
• You’ll notice some endings are the same for dative and ablative.
• Remember: an ablative of means is usually a THING, not a person or animal. Use “by” or “with” for these.
• If there’s a light bulb verb in the sentence (giving, showing, telling), then it may be a dative like we learned earlier. Use “to” with these.
Dative vs. Ablative
• Agricola equo cibum donat.• The farmer gives food to the horse.
• We carry food with a cart.• Cibum carro portamus.• Not “we carry food to/toward the cart”---that
would be “Cibum ad carrum portamus.”
Things to Take Away from This Lesson
• Ablatives use the endings –ā, -o, and –is.• Ablatives can show place where after the word
in.• Puella est in casā. The girl is in the house.• Ablatives can show “by means of” without
using a word for “with” or “by.”• Puella vitam equi cibo servat. The girl saves
the life of the horse with food.