Aviation Technician Education Council · 2016. 8. 8. · Aviation Technician Education Council Annual Conference O l d 2009Orlando 2009 Mi T d i U dA ilSMaintenance Trends in Unmanned

Aviation TechnicianEducation Council

Annual ConferenceO l d 2009Orlando 2009

M i T d i U d A i l SMaintenance Trends in Unmanned Aerial Systems

April 20th 3:45 4:30 PMApril 20 3:45 – 4:30 PMAndrew Smith

Kansas State University at Salina

What are not UAVs?What are not UAVs?

AC 91-57

June 9 1981June 9, 1981

Sport, Recreation, Hobby

Non-Commercial

What are UAVs?What are UAVs?

SkySeer

Aerosonde

Commercial Applications

Airworthiness Statement

FAA Certificate of Authorization Bell Eagle Eye

Global

Observer

What is a UAS?What is a UAS?

Unmanned

Aerial / Aircraft

System

Every component needed to operate, including the UAV

TermsTermsTermsTermsUAV UAV -- Unmanned Aerial VehicleUnmanned Aerial VehicleUAS UAS -- Unmanned Aerial / Aircraft SystemUnmanned Aerial / Aircraft SystemRPA RPA -- Remotely Piloted AircraftRemotely Piloted AircraftGCSGCS -- Ground Control StationGround Control StationGCS GCS Ground Control StationGround Control StationCOA COA -- Certificate Of AuthorizationCertificate Of Authorization(FAA document outlining operating limitations for UAV’s)(FAA document outlining operating limitations for UAV’s)AASAAS Aircraft Airworthiness StatementAircraft Airworthiness StatementAAS AAS –– Aircraft Airworthiness StatementAircraft Airworthiness StatementNAS NAS -- National Airspace SystemNational Airspace System

Why UAV / UAS?Why UAV / UAS?

To deal with the three DsTo deal with the three Ds.

D ll 14 ARAC B i f F d E WBC CA HIDull – 147 ARAC Brief Fed Ex WBC CA - HI

Dirty – Chemical applications

Dangerous – high risk for human element

Economics is another driving force too!

UAS CrewUAS CrewUAS CrewUAS Crew

PilotPilotPilotPilotSensor OperatorSensor OperatorGround Observer Ground Observer (in some cases)(in some cases)(in some cases)(in some cases)

Maintenance PersonnelMaintenance Personnel(equipment and aircraft)(equipment and aircraft)

Recent pirate event off Somalia coast, Captain Richard Phillips was monitored closely by UAS operated by the U.S. Navy. ope ated by t e U S a yLive HD video feed was sent to parties assessing and controlling the eventand controlling the event.

Some Civilian Uses for UASSome Civilian Uses for UASSome Civilian Uses for UASSome Civilian Uses for UAS

Disaster ResponseDisaster ResponseDisaster ResponseDisaster ResponseLaw EnforcementLaw EnforcementS i tifi R hS i tifi R hScientific ResearchScientific ResearchAerial MappingAerial MappingWeather MonitoringWeather MonitoringAgricultural Monitoring and ControlAgricultural Monitoring and ControlAgricultural Monitoring and ControlAgricultural Monitoring and ControlSecurity and SurveillanceSecurity and Surveillance

What is needed to fly UAVs?What is needed to fly UAVs?What is needed to fly UAVs?What is needed to fly UAVs?

11 Trained UAS CrewTrained UAS Crew1.1. Trained UAS CrewTrained UAS Crew2.2. UAS PlatformUAS Platform3.3. Ground Control Station (GCS)Ground Control Station (GCS)4.4. Airspace Airspace Currently Restricted, Prohibited, Warning, Alert, or COACurrently Restricted, Prohibited, Warning, Alert, or COA

55 FCC Frequency approvalFCC Frequency approval5.5. FCC Frequency approvalFCC Frequency approval

Restrictions on UAVRestrictions on UAVRestrictions on UAVRestrictions on UAV

Prohibited from flying in the NAS by the FAAProhibited from flying in the NAS by the FAAProhibited from flying in the NAS by the FAA Prohibited from flying in the NAS by the FAA because of no way to “detect and avoid” other because of no way to “detect and avoid” other air traffic.air traffic.Until a “detect and avoid” technology is Until a “detect and avoid” technology is developed and proven, UAV flight is limited to developed and proven, UAV flight is limited to p p gp p gonly Prohibited, Restricted, or Warning Areas.only Prohibited, Restricted, or Warning Areas.Only exception is an FAA issued COA, allowing Only exception is an FAA issued COA, allowing y p gy p gUAV flight in a fixed area with significant UAV flight in a fixed area with significant operating restrictions. operating restrictions.

UAS/UAV is a rapidly growing industry with d f i f i lneed for aircraft maintenance personnel

Alaska Division of Homeland Security USAANFR - National Frequency Agency, FranceARCAA - Australian Research Centre

INTELI, PortugalIrkut Corporation, Russian FederationJAXA - Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Japan;

ASTM International, Committee F38 on Unmanned Air VehiclesASD - Aerospace and Defence Industries Association of EuropeATCA - Air Traffic Control Association, USAAviation Alberta, CanadaBundeswehr, Strategic Reconnaissance Command, GermanyCGArm Conseil Général de l’Armement France

Japan UAV Association, Japanese national UAV associationLFV, SwedenLockheed Martin, Transportation and Security Solutions, USALondon Satellite Exchange, UKMinistry of Defence (DGA SPNuM) FranceCGArm - Conseil Général de l Armement, France

Unmanned Systems Manufacturers Association, Czech RepublicDRA - Defence Research Associates, USAEASA - European Aviation Safety AgencyECA - European Cockpit AssociationEDA - European Defence Agency

Ministry of Defence (DGA-SPNuM), FranceMitre Corp., USAMTSI - Modern Technology Solutions, USAPLATINO Project participants, SpainNASA - Dryden Flight Research Center, USANATO C3 Agencyp g y

EMERCOM - Ministry of Emergency Situations, RussiaESCO-UAS - European Student Competition of UASEUGIN - European Group of Institutes of NavigationEUROCAE - European Organization for Civil Aviation EquipmentEUROCONTROL, Belgium

g yNATO Joint Capability Group (UAVs)NATO Joint Air Power Competence CentreNMSU-PSL-TAAC - New Mexico State University, USANOAA - National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration, USA;RTCA Special Committee 206 on UAS Standards, USA

EUROCONTROL Experimental Centre, FranceEuropean Air Sports AssociationThe European Institute, USAFAA - Federal Aviation Administration, USAFAA - Federal Aviation Administration, UAV Program OfficeGeocopter The Netherlands

Saab, SwedenSAE International, USASagem Défense & Sécurité, FranceThales Alenia Aerospace, FranceUAV-DACH - German language UAV working groupUAVS national UK trade association UKGeocopter, The Netherlands

HAAS Programme participantsIFALPA – International Federation of Airline Pilots AssociationsIFATCA – International Federation of Air Traffic ControllersINOUI Programme participants

UAVS - national UK trade association, UKUS Department of DefenseUVS Canada - national UVS association, CanadaUVS New Zealand Australia - bi-national UVS association

UAV ClassificationsUAV ClassificationsUAV ClassificationsUAV ClassificationsCategory Airspeed (kts) Weight (Lbs) Operating Altitude (AGL) ExamplesCategory Airspeed (kts) Weight (Lbs) Operating Altitude (AGL) Examples

Level 0 <250 <2 <1200' BATCAM

Level 1 <250 2-20 <3000' Raven

Level 2 <250 21-1320 <18,000' Aerosonde

Level 3 <250 1321-12,500 <18,000' Predator

Level 4 >250 <12,500 <18,000' Killer Bee

Level 5 Unlimited >12,500 >18,000' Global Hawk

Level 0Level 0Level 0Level 0BATCAM

Weight: 400 Grams (.84lbs) Wingspan: 21 inches

Level 1Level 1Level 1Level 1RAVEN

Weight: 4.2 Lbs Wingspan: 4 feet

Level 2Level 2Level 2Level 2AEROSONDE

Weight: 30 Lbs Wingspan: 10 feet

Level 3Level 3Level 3Level 3PREDATOR

Weight: 2300 Lbs Wingspan span: 48 feet

Level 4Level 4Level 4Level 4KILLER BEE

Weight: 360 Lbs Wingspan: 17 feet

Level 5Level 5Level 5Level 5GLOBAL HAWK

Weight: 22,900 Lbs Wingspan: 116 feet

UAS / UAV Bring Mixed EmotionsUAS / UAV Bring Mixed Emotions

What I know is they are hereWhat I know is they are hereIt is an industry rapidly growingestimated over 30% growth per year for the last three years

A&P graduates go into this industryA&P graduates go into this industryPay, benefits and travel are goodAvionics education helps

Past ActivityPast Activity

What is going on in Salina, in my area

be ond leading a Part 147 programbeyond leading a Part 147 program.

We have people on our team with UAS We have people on our team with UAS We have people on our team with UAS We have people on our team with UAS maintenance, operations and chase experience.maintenance, operations and chase experience.maintenance, operations and chase experience.maintenance, operations and chase experience.

Past Experiencesp

MM1STSnowgoose

Current projectsCurrent projectsCurrent projectsCurrent projects

POWERCAT

AEROSONDE

Current projects (continued)Current projects (continued)Current projects (continued)Current projects (continued)

Currently working with the Kansas Air National Guard,Currently working with the Kansas Air National Guard,Currently working with the Kansas Air National Guard, Currently working with the Kansas Air National Guard, Flint Hill Solutions, Jarnot Inc. and other agencies to Flint Hill Solutions, Jarnot Inc. and other agencies to develop UAS disaster response systemsdevelop UAS disaster response systems

Current projects (continued)Current projects (continued)

Aerosonde



Completed pilot and maintenance training on AerosondeCompleted pilot and maintenance training on AerosondeCompleted pilot and maintenance training on AerosondeCompleted pilot and maintenance training on Aerosonde

We operate for industry and train m inten nce nd oper torsmaintenance and operators


Grants, R&D, industry partnerships, student employment, etc.

POWERCAT

IR Camera

IR Image

IR Camera


Attempting to acquire alternate airspace inAttempting to acquire alternate airspace inAttempting to acquire alternate airspace in Attempting to acquire alternate airspace in Kansas allowing UAS operations for other Kansas allowing UAS operations for other civilian agenciescivilian agenciescivilian agenciescivilian agencies

Crisis CityCrisis City

Airworthiness IssuesAirworthiness Issues

An industry growing not from the roots of AviationAn industry growing not from the roots of AviationNew leading / bleeding edge technologiesLittle or no experience with “certification” or “approved”Little or no experience with certification or approvedPushing Air Space issues without knowing itBlind to others where industries overlapBlind to others where industries overlap

ChallengesChallenges

Lack of qualified personnelLack of qualified personnelLack of understanding of traditional aviation structureSense and avoid / See and avoidSense and avoid / See and avoidPossible influence on National Airspace System safetyC i i i i ( d d)Co-operation in airspace issues (manned - unmanned)Human extraction from operating environmentPublic perception

Other InvolvementOther InvolvementOther InvolvementOther Involvement

Review applications from other organizations for UASReview applications from other organizations for UASReview applications from other organizations for UAS Review applications from other organizations for UAS activity within Smoky Hill Restricted Airspaceactivity within Smoky Hill Restricted AirspaceCurrently working on more courses and a program of Currently working on more courses and a program of y g p gy g p gstudy in both UAS pilot and UAS maintenance study in both UAS pilot and UAS maintenance

Jarnot Aerospace Corporation TM

JA 1A H lf TJA-1A Half TonLow Cost Near

Helicopter Delivery

REMOTE AREAS: Alaska-Canada-Philippines-South AmericaHunting-Fishing Lodges, Including Delivery of Fishing Boats!Oil & Gas Exploration and Pipeline SupportOil Rig Platform Re-SupplyMail and Parcel Delivery

HOMELAND SECURITY DISASTER RELIEF:Emergency Medical /Survival SuppliesRapid Food DistributionWater Bomber for Forest Fires

MILITARY RESUPPLY (Avoids IEDs & Ground Convoy Ambushes)Air Trailer Towed by UH-60 Avoids Brown Out & Carries 50% More CargoRapid FARP Insertion & Setup Enables Scout-Attack Helicopters to Deliver Cargo

FIXED WING UAS CAPABLE: (Low Cost Towing Fixed Wing Automated to be UAS)


JA 1A H lf TJA-1A Half Ton

TAKE OFF

1500 lbs GWT500 bs G

2,200 lbs GWT

Air Trailer is Loaded on a Take Off Wheeled Trolley PositionedAir Trailer is Loaded on a Take Off Wheeled Trolley Positionedbehind Towing Aircraft or Has Wheeled Gear

Simple DC Electric Motor Pre-Rotates Air Trailer Rotor to 50% RPM

Towing Aircraft Departs with Air Trailer Autogyro Glider, Take OffTrolley Remains on the Ground



CRUISE

Air Box Will Fly Slightly Higher than Towing Aircraft, Pilot Can Adjust Height by Beeper Switch Adding More Pitch to Rotor

Speed Depends on Weight & Towing A/C HP…About 80 KnotsFor Light Bush Planes, 100 Knots for Crop Dusters



NEAR HELO-LIKE DELIVERY

Towing Aircraft Flies Over Landing Zone (LZ) to Access Windsthen Releases Air Trailer on Return Pass Short of LZ1

50-150 ft2 Air Trailer Rotor Angle Increases 50 150 ft2 gand Begins Deceleration

3 Air Trailer Flares forNear Zero Ground Roll

Six Air Trailer Rotor Heads & Blades

100-300 ft Landing Zone

Six Air Trailer Rotor Heads & Blades Fit into a Air Trailer for Return via an Air StripNear By or For Easy Ground Transport


Towed Aircraft Snatch Recovery

With proper training a repeat of the WW IIWith proper training, a repeat of the WW IImethod of recovering Air Trailers could beexecuted to further lower the cost and enablingback haul of equipment and supplies, or several empty Air Trailers sling loaded out

C-47 Towing Aircraft

CG 4 Glid

Towing Aircraft at High Speed

several empty Air Trailers sling loaded outby helicopter.

CG-4 GliderHook

Snatch Frame

Flies Over Snatch Frame andHooks Air Trailer

Air Trailer at 100% RPMDisplaced 30° to Avoid Snatch Frame

Modern Bungee Chord


Example Mission Cost Savings 100 nm Mission: Near Vertical Insertionof 1,000 lb Cargo in a 12 ft X 4ft X 4ft Box

$750 per Hour The Bell Jet Ranger carrying internal 500 pounds would need to

Bell Jet Ranger

$750 per HourSingle Pilot @ $50/hr70 kts w/SlingloadPayload 500 lb

Make two trips and could not come close to 12 ft box dimensions. It could sling load a 12 ft box weighing about 500 pounds and stillRequire two trips. Each trip would cost about $2,250 for the aircraftand $150 for the pilot resulting in a total cost of about $5,000.

COST: $5 000g

$1,500 per HourCrew 3 @ $150/hr150 kts

The Casa 212 Light Cargo Plane could carry about 6,000 poundsof cargo for the distance it’s cargo bay can only carry one 12 ft Boxto para-drop. The aircraft would need to make only one trip and takeb t 1 h d 30 i t t l t lti i t f

COST: $5,000

Casa 212-200Payload One 1,000 lb12 ft Boxes Para-droppedRigger Cost $500 per Box

about 1 hour and 30 minutes to complete resulting in a cost of$2,250 for the aircraft and $225 for the pilots & load master for aTotal cost of about $5,000.

COST: $5,000, if Chute Not Recovered then $8,500

Air Trailer& C 172

$100 per HourOne Pilot @ $50/hr70 kts Towing Air TrailerPayload 1,000 lb 12ft Box

The Air Trailer Half Ton Towed by a Cessna 172 could carry 1,000Pounds of cargo in a 12 foot box. The aircraft would take about 3hours to complete the trip and cost about $300 and about $150 forthe pilot for a total cost of about $500. The Air Trailer is designedLike the parachute kit to be recoverable and cost about the same.

& Cessna 172p

COST: $500, if Air Trailer Not Recovered then $4,000Casa 212 Para-Dropping it’s Full Cargo Load Still Cost 2 X Air Trailer

Our FocusOur FocusOur FocusOur Focus

Research, test, and utilize UAS capabilities for Research, test, and utilize UAS capabilities for the collection and communication of time the collection and communication of time critical information during a disaster situationcritical information during a disaster situationStimulate the local economy by bringing UAS Stimulate the local economy by bringing UAS industry jobs to Kansasindustry jobs to KansasAssist in the safe integration of UAVs into the Assist in the safe integration of UAVs into the NASNASBecome the leading educational institution in Become the leading educational institution in UAS training and certificationUAS training and certification

Q tiQuestions

Sources:Popular Mechanics

Flint Hills SolutionsFlint Hills SolutionsThe International UAS Community

Kansas State UniversityAssociated Press

MMISTAAI

Aviation Technician Education Council · 2016. 8. 8. · Aviation Technician Education Council Annual Conference O l d 2009Orlando 2009 Mi T d i U dA ilSMaintenance Trends in Unmanned

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