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AUTOTRONICS:IMPROVING VEHICLE PERFORMANCE
AUTOTRONICS IN A VIEW
INTRODUCTION
AUTOTRONICS= AUTOMOBILE + ELECTRONICS
First electronic part in an automobile was called an ECU (Engine
control unit).
Analysts estimate that more than 80 percent of all automotive
innovation now stems from electronics
HISTORY
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TIMELINE
1970s: Introduction of electronics for engine controls 1980s:
Anti-lock braking introduced Early 1990s: Airbags become standard
Late 1990s: Rapid expansion of body electronics seat motors (body
Computers), instrument panel lighting, auto locking systems and
keyless entry Early 2000s to date: infotainment, including
sophisticated audio and video ; Signals sent via
satellite (such as the OnStar System); GPS and mapping
Capabilities; satellite radio
Late 2000s: Steer-by-wire, wireless connectivity
This seminar describes automobile applications of autotronics in
following domains:
Braking system
Steering system
Suspension system
Transmission system
Engine (fuel intake)
Braking system
EBS increases traffic safety through reduced stopping distance
and improved brake stability.
Functions in ECB:
Anti-lock braking system (ABS):
Traction control system (TCS)
Brake lining wear control
ABS
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ABS is an acronym for anti-lock braking system. First developed
and patented in 1936, ABS is actually derived
from the German term "anti blockier system." Anti-lock brakes
are designed to prevent skidding and help
drivers maintain steering control during an emergency stopping
situation
Difference between ABS & Traction Control
ABS Manage the grip of the tires for braking maneuver
Traction Control Manage the grip of the tires for accelerating
maneuver
STEERING SYSTEM
The self-alignment estimation control uses both the EPS sensor
information and internally programmed EPS
control
Speed sensitive steering system:
Speed sensitive steering system is used to control the power
steering pump pressure in relation to vehicle
speed. Below 10mph (16km/h) the computer operates the steering.
This action reduces the steering effort during
low speed maneuver and parking.
Electrically powered steering uses an electric motor to drive
either the power steering hydraulic pump or the
steering directly.
Steering sensor" is located on the input shaft where it enters
the gearbox housing.
An interface circuit that same housing converts the signals from
the torque sensor and rotation sensor into
signals.
The vehicle motion estimation control uses the steering angular
velocity information internally programmed in
the EPS system.
This control helps improve yaw damping of the vehicle at higher
speeds on the road.
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Sensors
Accelerating sensor, displacement sensors, Steering wheel
position
SUSPENSION SYSTEM
Suspension systems in most vehicles on the road today are
passive.
Shock absorbers help to dissipate the energy applied to the
springs and damp the oscillations.
Active Roll Control Systems:
Vehicles lean when cornering due to the weight transfer imposed
by lateral acceleration. Factors contributing to
the roll angle of the vehicle include vehicle height and
suspension stiffness.
ARC system uses hydraulic and electronic technology to the
vehicle roll angle in cornering, which improves
handling.
The active roll control system contains
Control module, Accelerometer, Speed sensor, Fluid reservoir,
Electro hydraulic pump, Pressure control valve,
Directional control valve.
A hydraulic actuator in both the front and rear stabilizer
bars
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TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
Mainly it controls the shifting process of the gears.
Electronically controlled transmissions were introduced on BMW
products in 1986 on 5 and7 series vehicles.
The TCM also adapts to changing conditions within the
transmission by monitoring slip ratios.
The TCM controls the operation of the Lock-Up Torque Converter
which further increases economy.
ADVANTAGES:
Increased fuel economy
Improved shift comfort
Increased driving safety
Electronic Fuel Injection
EFI system electronically meters the fuel so that the exact
amount needed is provided to the engine.
EFI uses to fuel to power the engine by pumping it forcibly by
using high pressure through a small nozzle or
valve.
A high-pressure fuel pump that produces high fuel pressures (5
to 12 MPa)
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ADAPTIVE CRUISE CONTROL
It automatically adjusts the vehicle speed and distance to that
of a target vehicle.
ACC uses a long range radar sensor to detect a target vehicle up
to 200 meters in front of vehicle.
As per standard cruise control the driver can override the
system at any time.
Another advantage of this system is that the driver will not
exceed the speed limit on the highway.
Airbags
The air bag technology is based on electronic sensors that
measure the amount of quick deceleration through an
accelerometer
The new calculations will take into account the position of the
seats, the use of a seat belt and the weight of the
occupants
Latest research
Active bumper system,
Active hood lift system,
Vehicle to vehicle communication
Camber thrust in F 1 vehicles
Global Positioning System
Rain sensing wipers
Adaptive light system