Astronomy

• 1.AstronomyBy Ebony McPherson

2. The Planets There are 8 planets in our solar system. Each one has their own characteristic. The inner planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars)are rocky and closer to the sun. The outer planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus andNeptune) are gassy and farther away from the sun. 3. Mercury is the closestplanet to the Sun. Most say that it is thehottest planet, it is not. Venus is the hottest planetand comes after Mercury. It rotates around the Sun in Mercuryonly 88 days. It is 36 million miles fromthe Sun. Did you know?: Mercury was named after theRoman messenger Hermes 4. Did you know?: Venus`symbol stands for female. Venus is the secondplanet from the Sun. It is 67 million miles fromthe Sun. Venus spins in theopposite direction thanEarth. The temperature onVenusVenus goes up to 932 F. Venus has a really thickatmosphere mostly madeup of carbon dioxide.Did you know?: Venus isalso known as the daughterof the Sun. 5. Did you know?: Earth is the onlyplanet not named after a romangod. Earth is about 4.5 billion years old. It orbits around the Sun every 365.5 days.Earth It tilts at roughly 66 Known to have the only visible liquid water source. Earth is 93 million milesDid you know?: Earth is actually from the Sun.a female (this picture is false). 6. Mars is named after theroman god of war. Also known as The RedPlanet. The water on the planet isin polar ice caps that areinside the planet. Generally cold,temperatures ranging from-200 to 80 F. Mars is 142 million milesMarsfrom the Sun.Did you know?: Mars is alsoDid you know?: The symbolknown as the son of the Sun. for Mars stands for male. 7. Did you know?: Jupiter wasnamed after the Greek god,Did you know?: The symbol forZeus. Jupiter also looks like a 4 or 2l. Jupiter is the first gas planetand the biggest planet inthe solar system. It revolves around the Sunevery 12 years.Jupiter The Great Red Spot is araging storm with winds ofup to 200 miles an hour. It rotates really fast. For oneday on Earth, it is 10 hourson Jupiter. 8. Saturn is 886 million miles from the Sun. This planet is known for its rings made up of asteroids revolving round Saturn.Did you know?: Saturn was calledthe evil planet by roman gods. Different parts of the planetSaturn rotate at different speeds. Saturn is so light that it can float on water. The symbol for Saturn looks like an h. 9. Uranus also has 13 rings but Did you know?: Uranus is namedtwo are very far away from after the Greek god, Sky God.the planet. The reason Uranus is blue isbecause of the methanefrom the Sun.Uranus Uranus is 1.8 million milesfrom the Sun. It is 4x bigger and 15xheavier than Earth. The scientific hypothesis onwhy Uranus spins sidewaysDid you know?: Uranus` symbol alsois because a space objectlooks like a Unknown fromcollided with it.Pokmon. 10. Did you know?: Neptune is 4 Did you know?: Neptune cantimes bigger than Earth.never cover up Earth completely. Neptune has a similar Great spot like Jupiter but it is called the Great BlueNeptuneSpot. It is more than 2 million miles from the Sun. A day on Neptune is 16 hours. It is closer to the Sun than Pluto but switch places for 20 years and back 220. 11. Other Space Objects There are more than just planets in the galaxies. There are moons also that orbit other planets. Some are brakeage of planet. 12. Did you know?: There are no did you knows for this one. A asteroid is a piece of a planet that floats in space. They have no real shape. It is the biggest space object of the 5. They can be caught in orbit around something.AsteroidAsteroidBelt 13. Comets are the second biggest of the 5. The are coated in ice and orbit around the Sun.Comets The white part is the Ion tail. The other one is the dust tail which is broken parts of it. A comet`s orbit can vary. Did you know?: A comet also has a roman symbol. 14. A meteoroid is smaller thanan asteroid and comet. They are usually the brokenMeteoroidoff parts of one. 15. Did you know?: Most people callmeteors shooting stars andwish for something on them.Meteor A meteor is a meteoroidthat passes through theatmosphere, Earth`satmosphere. It may burn up in theprocess but it might not. 16. Meteorites are meteors thatwent past the Earth`satmosphere and landed onthe Earth.Did you know?: Most people Meteorites are most commonly mistake meteors ascommonly big in size. meteorites. Some famous spots ofwhere meteorites hit Earthinclude the following.Meteorite - Wolf Creek in WesternAustralia - Diablo Canyon in Arizona,United States 17. The Sun is the center of our solar system. The layers and parts include the following in order. - The Core is the source of all the Sun`s energy. Temperature is about 15 milliondegrees Kelvin. - The Radiation Zone contains energy from the core. Mostly hot at the top of thezone. - The Convection Zone carries the magma/lava to the surface by letting them passthrough thermal columns.The Sun - The Photosphere is the part of the sun you can see. The energy from the Sun(sunlight) can then separate in space. Temperature is about 6,000 Kelvin. - The Chromosphere is the outer thin layer of the Sun. This part can also be seen ineclipses. - The Corona is the atmosphere of the Sun. It makes the solar wind. 18. Mercury has 0moons.Mercury`s Moons 19. Venus also has no moons.Venus` Moons 20. Did you know?: Moon meansLuna which is also the nameof a pony in My Little Pony. Earth`s moon was toEarth`s Moonbelieved to be formed bythe Earth. A long time, a piece of aplanet collided with the (notcompleted yet) Earth. The Earth`s gravitationalpull made the moon revolvearound Earth. 21. This is Deimos Mars has two major moons. They are Phobos and Deimos.Mars` MoonsThis is Phobos. 22. Jupiter has 63 moons intotal. The major one that are Jupiter`s MoonsGalilean are Io, Europa,Ganymede, and Callisto. Top left is Io. Top right is Callisto Bottom left is Europa. Bottom right is Ganymede. 23. Saturn has 61 moons intotal. The major ones are TitanSaturn`s Moonsand Rhea. This is Titan.This is Rhea. 24. This is Ophelia. Uranus has 27 moons intotal. The major ones are Oberonand Ophelia. Uranus` Moons This is Oberon. 25. Neptune has 13 moons in total. The major one is Triton.Neptune`s Moons This is Triton. 26. Types of Galaxies There are different types of galaxies. There are three types of galaxies. The most common one is elliptical. 27. Spiral galaxies have big armsmade up of bright stars anddust.Did you know?: Our Milky Way is The arms come out of thea spiral galaxy.bulging dust nucleus. Spiral Galaxies 28. Did you know?: Elliptical galaxies can be many different colors.Elliptical Galaxies An elliptical galaxy is usuallyshaped like a football or aball. 29. Irregular galaxiesdont really has ashape. Galaxies like thishave no real Irregular Galaxiescategory. The stars are spreadout unevenly in thisgalaxy. 30. Light YearsLight years measures the distance light travels in one year. 31. Tools Used for Space 32. Did you know?: The Hubble SpaceTelescope is a reflecting telescope.Telescopes The two types of telescopes are refracting and reflecting. Refracting uses convex glasses. Reflecting uses curved mirrors. 33. Telescope(cont`d) Radio These types of telescopesstudy radio waves in spaceand can freely move aroundin space. When on Earth, it looks likea big satellite dish for TV. 34. Any object that revolvesaround another. A good example is aSatellite weather news satellite thatrevolves around Earthcollecting data abound theweather. 35. Some examples: Mariner 2 Space probes can travel fardistances. They travel to planets,collect information andsend it back to Earth. Pioneer 10Space Probes Voyager 1 Viking 1 36. Spectroscopes measureSpectroscope how hot and composition of stars; planets, and galaxies. 37. Mass and Distance Effects on Gravity Mass is the amount ofatoms in an object. If the distance between the The distance between two two objects are increasedobjects with gravitational the gravitational pullforce increases. decreases. The mass also has toincrease. 38. End