UWM CAMPUS MASTER PLAN NOVEMBER 2008 SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT SECTION 2— 1 2.1 ASSESSMENT OF EXISTING HYDROLOGY AND STORM WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS Impervious Area Figure 2.1 shows the Kenwood Campus drainage divide. Storm water from the north half of the campus discharges westward to a combined sewer in E. Edgewood Avenue, which overflows to the Milwaukee River. Storm water from the south half of the campus discharges west and south, to a combined sewer in E. Park Place, which overflows to the Milwaukee River. Approximately 62 acres of the campus drain to the north and 37 acres drain to the south. The campus contains approximately 57 acres of impervious surface, which is about 57 percent of the total area. There are 30 acres of impervious surface in the northern drainage area (48 percent), and 27 acres of impervious surface in the southern drainage area (73 percent). Downer’s Woods are a large portion of the pervious area in the northern drainage area Soil Conditions General : The primary sources for soils data are the NRCS (formerly SCS) soil surveys and actual soil boring logs from boring taken for specific projects. The NRCS’s Soil Survey of Milwaukee and Waukesha Counties 1 does not show specific soil types for the Kenwood Campus or the four remote sites, as these locations are all within urbanized areas that have previously been subjected to significant disturbance. Data from soil borings for projects within the Kenwood Campus and at the remote sites can also be used to determine the hydrological characteristics of the soils. The NRCS has a hydrological classification system for soils that rates the infiltration capacity of the soil 2 . Soils are classified as hydrological soil classifications A, B, C or D, with A being the most permeable, and D being the least. Group A soils are primarily composed of sands and gravels, while Group D soils are primarily comprised of silts and clays. The NRCS’s hydrological analysis methodology 3 uses runoff curve numbers (RCN) to compute the amount of runoff from various land cover types, and has assigned the RCN’s based on the cover type and soil group. Land use types within Group A soil areas have lower RCN’s than the same land use types within Group B, C, or D areas, with Group D areas having the highest RCN’s. Hydrological soil classifications have no impact on the RCN for impervious areas. Kenwood Campus : The NRCS Soil Survey does not show a soil type for the Kenwood Campus area. This indicates that there has been significant soil disturbance within an urbanized area. The NRCS does not assign a hydrological soil classification to this type of soil. 1 U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service, “Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) database for Milwaukee and Waukesha Counties”, February 2004 2 Mockus, Victor et al., U.S. Department of Agriculture, “National Engineering Handbook, Part 630, Chapter 7, Hydrologic Soil Groups”, May 2007 3 Cronshey, Roger et al., U.S. Department of Agriculture, “Urban Hydrology for Small Watersheds, Technical Release 55”, June 1986
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ASSESSMENT OF EXISTING HYDROLOGY AND STORM …...2.1 ASSESSMENT OF EXISTING HYDROLOGY AND STORM WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS Impervious Area Figure 2.1 shows the Kenwood Campus drainage
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UWM CAMPUS MASTER PLAN
NOVEMBER 2008 SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT SECTION 2— 1
2.1 ASSESSMENT OF EXISTING HYDROLOGY AND STORM WATER
MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
Impervious Area
Figure 2.1 shows the Kenwood Campus drainage divide. Storm water from
the north half of the campus discharges westward to a combined sewer in E.
Edgewood Avenue, which overflows to the Milwaukee River. Storm water
from the south half of the campus discharges west and south, to a combined
sewer in E. Park Place, which overflows to the Milwaukee River.
Approximately 62 acres of the campus drain to the north and 37 acres drain
to the south. The campus contains approximately 57 acres of impervious
surface, which is about 57 percent of the total area. There are 30 acres of
impervious surface in the northern drainage area (48 percent), and 27 acres
of impervious surface in the southern drainage area (73 percent). Downer’s
Woods are a large portion of the pervious area in the northern drainage area
Soil Conditions
General: The primary sources for soils data are the NRCS (formerly SCS)
soil surveys and actual soil boring logs from boring taken for specific
projects. The NRCS’s Soil Survey of Milwaukee and Waukesha Counties1
does not show specific soil types for the Kenwood Campus or the four
remote sites, as these locations are all within urbanized areas that have
previously been subjected to significant disturbance. Data from soil borings
for projects within the Kenwood Campus and at the remote sites can also be
used to determine the hydrological characteristics of the soils.
The NRCS has a hydrological classification system for soils that rates the
infiltration capacity of the soil2. Soils are classified as hydrological soil
classifications A, B, C or D, with A being the most permeable, and D being
the least. Group A soils are primarily composed of sands and gravels, while
Group D soils are primarily comprised of silts and clays. The NRCS’s
hydrological analysis methodology3 uses runoff curve numbers (RCN) to
compute the amount of runoff from various land cover types, and has
assigned the RCN’s based on the cover type and soil group. Land use types
within Group A soil areas have lower RCN’s than the same land use types
within Group B, C, or D areas, with Group D areas having the highest
RCN’s. Hydrological soil classifications have no impact on the RCN for
impervious areas.
Kenwood Campus: The NRCS Soil Survey does not show a soil type for the
Kenwood Campus area. This indicates that there has been significant soil
disturbance within an urbanized area. The NRCS does not assign a
hydrological soil classification to this type of soil.
1 U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service,
“Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) database for Milwaukee and
Waukesha Counties”, February 2004 2 Mockus, Victor et al., U.S. Department of Agriculture, “National
Engineering Handbook, Part 630, Chapter 7, Hydrologic Soil Groups”, May
2007 3 Cronshey, Roger et al., U.S. Department of Agriculture, “Urban
Hydrology for Small Watersheds, Technical Release 55”, June 1986
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Campus Master Plan
November 2008
Figure 2.1
DrainageBoundary
I
North BasinDrains to EdgewoodCombined SewerOutfall to the Milwaukee River
Kenwood Blvd
Hartford Ave
Edgewood Ave
Ma
ryla
nd
A
ve
Do
wn
er
A
ve
South BasinDrains to ParkPlace CombinedSewer Outfallto The Milwaukee River
�
�
0 300100 200 Feet
Legend
Drainage Boundary
UWM CAMPUS MASTER PLAN
NOVEMBER 2008 SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT SECTION 2— 2
The University prepared a report entitled “UWM as a Zero – Discharge Zone:
A Storm Water Master Plan for the UWM Campus”, dated May 5, 20064.
Chapter 3 of the Report, entitled “Runoff Modeling” begins with an M.S.
Engineering Thesis by Elizabeth Locke5 which states that the Kenwood
Campus has Group C soils, described as clay loams, soils low in organic
content, and soils usually high in clay.
Soil borings within the Kenwood Campus, obtained from the UWM Geologic
Sciences Department, show that the main soil constituent is clay, which
supports the assumption of Group C soils.
Kenilworth Building: The NRCS Soil Survey does not show a soil type for
the Kenilworth site. This indicates that there has been significant soil
disturbance within an urbanized area. The NRCS does not assign a
hydrological soil classification to this type of soil.
Hydrological analysis for the nearby Park Lafayette Condominium
Development assumed Group C soils for that site. Soil borings at the Park
Lafayette site show the main soil constituent is clay6.
Plankinton Building: The NRCS Soil Survey does not show a soil type for
the Plankinton site. This indicates that there has been significant soil
disturbance within an urbanized area. The NRCS does not assign a
hydrological soil classification to this type of soil.
The Plankinton site is located very close to the Milwaukee River, and has a
pile-supported foundation. This suggests soils with a high organic content,
and a high groundwater table.
Soil borings at and near the Plankinton site, including borings taken for the
Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage District’s (MMSD) Water Pollution
Abatement Program (WPAP), show substantial fill and clay7.
Group C soils would be assumed for a hydrologic analysis of the Plankinton
site.
Great Lakes Research Facility: The NRCS Soil Survey does not show a soil
type for the Great Lakes Research Facility site. This indicates that there has
been significant soil disturbance within an urbanized area. The NRCS does
not assign a hydrological soil classification to this type of soil.
4 Wasley, James et al., “UWM as a Zero-Discharge Zone, A stormwater
masterplan for the UWM Campus”, May 2006 5 Locke, Elizabeth, “Thesis Document - Runoff Modeling and Stormwater