ASSE December 2013

Everything You Wanted to Know about Nano-Engineered Materials *

(* But Only Had an Hour)

Michael Ochs, CIHJonathan Klane, M.S.Ed., CIH, CHMM, CET

ASSEDecember 2013

Focus Areas and Research Centers News and Events

Objectives Applied Nanoionics AINE Kick-Off WorkshopApril 4, 2008Agenda and PresentationsASU's nanotech program is ranked 6 in the nation- according to Small Times. We are also ranked #1 in commercialization and #3 in facilities for nanotechnology. The link below will provide more information. View Articles in SmallTimes  

Rationale Biomolecular Integrated Circuits (CBIC)

Structure Computational Nanoscience

People Photonics Innovation

What’s in a name? Nanotechnology Nanoscale Nano-engineered materials (NEMs) Nanoscience Nanometer! (“Nano Nano!” – Mork)

Nanoscale: 1 nm = 10-9 m A sheet of paper is about 100,000

nanometers thick A strand of human DNA  is 2.5 nanometers in

diameter There are 25,400,000 nanometers in one

inch A human hair is approximately 80,000-

100,000 nanometers wide

Properties of Nanoscale Materials:

• Nanomaterials have a larger surface area … (When compared to an equal mass of the same material in larger form)

• More chemically reactive ( toxicity)• Strength & electrical properties affected• Optical and magnetic behavioral changes

Hazard Identification Factors Chemical form Size Shape Surface Area Number Density Mass Agglomeration Porosity

Charge Reactivity Solubility Durability Crystalline structure Purity Antigenicity

Different Types of Nanomaterials Carbon nanotubes (CNTs)

Single Wall (SWNT) Multi Wall (MWNT)

Carbon Black Fullerenes, C60 Nanoclays Polymeric Nanoparticles Silver nanoparticles Silicon Dioxide Titanium Dioxide Quantum Dots

Medical app’s: Appetite Control Bone Replacement Cancer Chemical Substitutes Cholesterol Diagnostic Tests

Drug Development Hormone Therapy Imaging Immunosuppressant Medical Tools

Health and Safety Concerns Absorption

Ability to penetrate cellular membranes maybe able to past through blood brain barrier

Dermal Respiratory

Human exposures to airborne nanomaterials must be restricted.

More health effects: Mesothelioma in mice (asbestos and erionite) Pulmonary inflammation Possible fibrosis Portal effect = URI

Exposures: Need 3 different means of measurements

Mass = mg/day Surface area = m2/day Number = #/day

Potential pathways: Nose … Lower resp. tract … Lymph … Blood … Brain … CSF …

Nano Research at ASU: ‘Nanoprospecting’ project: fate/transport and

impact of nanomaterials (Paul Westerhoff) Nanoscale energy transport processes

(Patrick Phelan) CNTs in ISTB2 Others

Nano Research at ASU: AZ Initiative for Nano-Electronics (AINE)

Coordinated network nanophotonics, molecular electronics, nanoionics

and computational nanoscience ultra-low power/ultra-high speed electronics, and

hybrid biomolecular electronics at the interface between the biological and electronics worlds

CSSER, LE-CSSS and Bio-Design

Nano Research at ASU: ASU’s Center for Nanotech in Society –

world’s largest on societal aspects Research (RTTA and TRC) Education (students) Outreach (general public)

Traditional approach to keeping workers healthy…

Regulations Toxicological Data Engineering Controls Administrative Controls PPE

With nanomaterials, uncertainty creates a dilemma

Which PPE? What Regulations? Will Engineering Controls work? What Toxicological Data? Administrative Controls?

Can We Manage Exposures?Absolutely

What Methods Are Available?The Same Ones We’ve Been

Applying

Draft guidelines using numerous resources

www.goodnanoguide.org

www.goodnanoguide.org

http://goodnanoguide.org/Nanomaterial+Occupational+Risk+Management+Matrix

Do you perform exposure sampling? Quantitative sampling have been deemed not

necessary for the some risk management programs

NIOSH’s strategy relies on area sampling

What PEL to reference?

Will direct air sampling work? Particle counters are expensive

Occupational Exposure LimitsNIOSH

NIOSH RELs for Nanoscale substances

CNT and CNF 1 ug/m3

Titanium Dioxide

0.3 mg/3

Occupational Exposure LimitsOSHA

PEL’s of NanomaterialsSUBSTANCE PEL Aluminum oxide 10 mg/m3

Carbon Black 3.5 mg/m3

Magnesium oxide 10 mg/m3

Silver, metal 0.1 mg/m3

Iron Oxide 5 mg/m3

Silica, crystalline 0.25 mg/m3

Chromium, metal 0.5 mg/m3

Copper, dusts 1 mg/m3

Titanium dioxide 10 mg/m3

Tin, metal 2 mg/m3

Occupational Exposure Standards

Occupational Exposure Standards

EH&S Approach

Prudent industrial hygiene practice

Professional judgment

ALARA - as low as reasonably achievable

Determine the risk level

Low – No potential for airborne

Moderate – May become airborne

High – Likely to become airborne

Determine your risk level

NanotoolkitCalifornia Nanosafety Consortium of Higher Education

EH&S Approach Regulate all nanomaterial use through the

Chemical Safety Committee Engineering Controls – Biosafety Cabinet, HEPA filter

in specific fume hoods or self contained animal cages Administrative Controls

Developed General Guidelines Use Safer Sharps On-going evaluation of literature and studies Exposure Assessment through EH&S Hazard Assessment through PeopleSoft

PPE Lab coat Double gloving

Determine your risk level

Identify the controls needed

Engineering

Work Practices

PPE

EH&S Approach Engineering Controls – exhausted hoods

Administrative Controls Develop General Guidelines On-going evaluation of literature and studies Exposure Assessment through EH&S Hazard Assessment

PPE Lab coat (disposable non fabric) Double gloving

Determine the Controls

Exhaust Hoods

Highlight:All airborne free particulate nanomaterials should be manipulated in exhausted enclosures

Preferably Class II Type B2 hoods, or VAV fume hoods

Exhaust Hoods

Prefilters & HEPA filters will be serviced by vendors using bag in / bag out methods

Standard Operating Procedure

Hazards Controls Accident and Spill Procedures Training Disposal

References

Conclusion An effort to create prudent practices in the

absence of regulation

Utilized existing and proven risk assessment systems

Guidelines at your site