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AspenArtMuseumDesignandConstructionoftheWoodRoofStructure
GregKingsley,PE,Peng,PhDPresidentandCEOKL&AInc.,StructuralEngineersandBuilders
Disclaimer: This presentation was developed by a third party and is not funded by WoodWorks or the Softwood Lumber Board.
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“TheWoodProductsCouncil” isaRegisteredProviderwithTheAmericanInstituteofArchitectsContinuingEducationSystems(AIA/CES),Provider#G516.
Credit(s)earnedoncompletionofthiscoursewillbereportedtoAIACESforAIAmembers.CertificatesofCompletionforbothAIAmembersandnon-AIAmembersareavailableuponrequest.
ThiscourseisregisteredwithAIACES forcontinuingprofessionaleducation.Assuch,itdoesnotincludecontentthatmaybedeemedorconstruedtobeanapprovalorendorsementbytheAIAofanymaterialofconstructionoranymethodormannerofhandling,using,distributing,ordealinginanymaterialorproduct.__________________________________
Questionsrelatedtospecificmaterials,methods,andserviceswillbeaddressedattheconclusionofthispresentation.
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Course DescriptionTheAspenArtMuseum,designedbyarchitectShigeruBan,includesalong-spanthree-dimensionalwoodspace-frameroof.
Ban’schargewastocreateawoodspaceframewithspansofmorethan50feetandcantileversof14feet,inastructuraldepthof3feet.Thespaceframewastohavetwoplanesofintersectingdiagonalwebsofcurvedmembersthatundulatedupanddowntotouchtheplanesofthetopandbottomchordswithnovisibleconnectors.
Thiscasestudypresentationwilldescribethedesignandconstructionofthewoodstructure,includingpathsexploredbutnotchosenforthefinaldesign.
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Learning Objectives
1. Articulate the particular demands associated with creating a 3-dimensional space frame entirely in wood.
2. Recognize the advantages and disadvantages of several wood connection strategies in space-frame structures.
3. Be aware of manufacturing capabilities and limitations that influenced the design of the Aspen Art Museum roof structure.
4. Understand the importance of early engagement of manufacturing and engineering partners in the design process for innovative wood structures.
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THE PLAYERS
Shigeru Ban,Shigeru Ban Architects
Hermann Blumer,Creation Holz
Ted Hall, Spearhead
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OUTLINE• THE BUILDING CONCEPT
• THE ARCHITECT’S CONCEPT FOR THE ROOF
• 4 STRUCTURAL CONCEPTS FOR THE ROOF
• FABRICATION TESTS: MOCK UPS
• STRENGTH TESTS: MATERIAL TESTING
• FINAL FABRICATION
• ERECTION
• FINISHED BUILDING
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THE BUILDING CONCEPT
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Aspen, Colorado, USA
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Snow load = ~ 90 psf
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Early rendering – view up the main stair
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Early rendering – 3rd floor terrace with wood space frame
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Early rendering – 3rd floor terrace with wood space frame
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BASEMENT GROUND LEVEL
FLOOR PLANS
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2ND FLOOR 3RD FLOOR
FLOOR PLANS
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3RD FLOOR REFLECTED CEILING PLAN
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100 ft x 100 ft on a 4 ft grid Max span = ~ 50ft
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BUILDING SECTIONMaximum 3 ft structural depth
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THE ARCHITECT’S CONCEPT
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STRUCTURAL CONCEPTS
THREE ATTEMPTS AND FAILURES …
AND THE FINAL ROAD TO SUCCESS
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1ST CONCEPT:
REINFORCED LAP SPLICES WITH DEHONIT COMPOSITE MATERIAL
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2ND CONCEPT:
KNIFE PLATES WITH TIGHT DRIVEN PINS
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3RD CONCEPT:
MICRO LAMINATIONS CROSSING AT JOINTS WITH NO HALF LAPS
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FINAL CONCEPT:
KERTO CHORDS
BIRCH PLYWOOD WEBS
HALF-LAPPED JOINTS
FULL-THREAD SCREW CONNECTIONS
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KERTO BOTTOM CHORD – LAYER 1
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KERTO BOTTOM CHORD – LAYER 2
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BIRCH PLYWOOD WEB – LAYER 1
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BIRCH PLYWOOD WEB – LAYER 2
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KERTO TOP CHORD – LAYER 1
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KERTO TOP CHORD – LAYER 2
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Kerto S LVL Chords
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WHY PLYWOOD?
Birch Plywood Diagonals
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BIRCH PLYWOOD LAYUP
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31 1.5 mm laminations
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BIRCH PLYWOOD WEB SPLICING PATTERN
(3.6 m plywood sheet length)
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Connection concept(178 mm wide birch web)
(172 mm wide x 133 mm deep Kerto S chord)
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(172 mm wide x 133 mm deep Kerto S chord)
(178 mm wide birch web)
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15-SCREW JOINT
(178 mm wide birch web)
(172 mm wide x 133 mm deep Kerto S chord)
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TRUSS FABRICATION MODEL OVERVIEW
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NORMAL FORCES – TOP CHORD
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NORMAL FORCES - WEBS
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NORMAL FORCES – BOTTOM CHORD
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BIRCH PLYWOOD LAYUP
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BIRCH PLYWOOD TEST SPECIMENS
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BIRCH PLYWOOD TEST SPECIMENS
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SHOP FABRICATION
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Kerto LVL Chords
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Birch Plywood Diagonals
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BIRCH PLYWOOD LAMINATIONS
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LAYOUT OF BIRCH PLYWOOD IN PREPARATION FOR GLUING
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GLUE VOLUME QC
GLUING OPERATIONS
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BIRCH PLYWOOD WEB AFTER GLUING with PURBOND HB E452 single-component polyurethane adhesive
TestCoupons
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BIRCH PLYWOOD WEB PRODUCTION
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BIRCH PLYWOOD WEBS READY TO SHIP (NOTE THICKENED WEBS AT COLUMN LOCATION)
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SITE CONSTRUCTION
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TOP OF THE THIRD FLOOR STRUCTURE, READY FOR WOOD SPACE FRAME INSTALLATION
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COLUMN CONNECTION
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8-SCREW CONNECTION (Top) 4-SCREW CONNECTION (Bottom)
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15-SCREW CONNECTION
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Screw connections
4
8
8
12
4
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20,000 SCREWS -7°C (20° F)
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Pulling the shores …
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COMPLETED PROJECT
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WHAT WE LEARNEDObjective 1Design challenge centers on the nodes and connections.
“Structures are connections held together by members.”
- Hardy Cross
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Wood is orthotropic.
With engineered wood products, you can orient the wood fibers to your advantage.
WHAT WE LEARNEDObjective 1
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Curved space frame members are beautiful, and yet at odds with their structural function.
WHAT WE LEARNEDObjective 1
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Knife plates and bolts are expensive and do not always take the best advantage of the wood properties
WHAT WE LEARNEDObjective 2
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Notches and half-lap joints dramaticallyreduce the strength of wood
WHAT WE LEARNEDObjective 2
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Screws create strong, redundant wood connections
WHAT WE LEARNEDObjective 2
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Preparation of precision virtual models for CNC fabrication is essential.
WHAT WE LEARNEDObjective 3
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Design cannot be divorced from fabrication and construction process.
WHAT WE LEARNEDObjective 4
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QUESTIONS?This concludes the
American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems Course