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AspenArtMuseumDesignandConstruc4onoftheWoodRoofStructure
GregKingsley,PE,Peng,PhDPresidentandCEOKL&AInc.,StructuralEngineersandBuilders
Disclaimer: This presentation was developed by a third party and is not funded by WoodWorks or the Softwood Lumber Board.
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“The Wood Products Council” is a Registered Provider with The American Ins<tute of Architects Con<nuing Educa<on Systems (AIA/CES), Provider #G516.
Credit(s)earnedoncompleDonofthiscoursewillbereportedtoAIACESforAIAmembers.CerDficatesofCompleDonforbothAIAmembersandnon-AIAmembersareavailableuponrequest.
ThiscourseisregisteredwithAIACESforconDnuingprofessionaleducaDon.Assuch,itdoesnotincludecontentthatmaybedeemedorconstruedtobeanapprovalorendorsementbytheAIAofanymaterialofconstrucDonoranymethodormannerofhandling,using,distribuDng,ordealinginanymaterialorproduct.
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QuesDonsrelatedtospecificmaterials,methods,andserviceswillbeaddressedattheconclusionofthispresentaDon.
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Course Descrip<on
TheAspenArtMuseum,designedbyarchitectShigeruBan,includesalong-spanthree-dimensionalwoodspace-frameroof.
Ban’schargewastocreateawoodspaceframewithspansofmorethan50feetandcanDleversof14feet,inastructuraldepthof3feet.ThespaceframewastohavetwoplanesofintersecDngdiagonalwebsofcurvedmembersthatundulatedupanddowntotouchtheplanesofthetopandboUomchordswithnovisibleconnectors.
ThiscasestudypresentaDonwilldescribethedesignandconstrucDonofthewoodstructure,includingpathsexploredbutnotchosenforthefinaldesign.
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Learning Objec<ves
1. ArDculatetheparDculardemandsassociatedwithcreaDnga3-dimensionalspaceframeenDrelyinwood.
2. RecognizetheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofseveralwoodconnecDonstrategiesinspace-framestructures.
3. BeawareofmanufacturingcapabiliDesandlimitaDonsthatinfluencedthedesignoftheAspenArtMuseumroofstructure.
4. UnderstandtheimportanceofearlyengagementofmanufacturingandengineeringpartnersinthedesignprocessforinnovaDvewoodstructures.
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OUTLINE
• THE BUILDING CONCEPT
• THE ARCHITECT’S CONCEPT FOR THE ROOF
• 4 STRUCTURAL CONCEPTS FOR THE ROOF
• FABRICATION TESTS: MOCK UPS
• STRENGTH TESTS: MATERIAL TESTING
• FINAL FABRICATION
• ERECTION
• FINISHED BUILDING
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THE BUILDING CONCEPT
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Aspen, Colorado, USA
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Snow load = ~ 90 psf
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Early rendering – view up the main stair
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Early rendering – 3rd floor terrace with wood space frame
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Early rendering – 3rd floor terrace with wood space frame
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BASEMENT GROUND LEVEL
FLOOR PLANS
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2ND FLOOR 3RD FLOOR
FLOOR PLANS
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3RD FLOOR REFLECTED CEILING PLAN
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100 ft x 100 ft on a 4 ft grid Max span = ~ 50ft
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BUILDING SECTION Maximum 3 ft structural depth
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THE ARCHITECT’S CONCEPT
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STRUCTURAL CONCEPTS THREE ATTEMPTS AND FAILURES … AND THE FINAL ROAD TO SUCCESS
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1ST CONCEPT: REINFORCED LAP SPLICES WITH DEHONIT COMPOSITE MATERIAL
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2ND CONCEPT: KNIFE PLATES WITH TIGHT DRIVEN PINS
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3RD CONCEPT: MICRO LAMINATIONS CROSSING AT JOINTS WITH NO HALF LAPS
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FINAL CONCEPT: KERTO CHORDS BIRCH PLYWOOD WEBS HALF-LAPPED JOINTS FULL-THREAD SCREW CONNECTIONS
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KERTO BOTTOM CHORD – LAYER 1
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KERTO BOTTOM CHORD – LAYER 2
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BIRCH PLYWOOD WEB – LAYER 1
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BIRCH PLYWOOD WEB – LAYER 2
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KERTO TOP CHORD – LAYER 1
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KERTO TOP CHORD – LAYER 2
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Kerto S LVL Chords
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WEB LAYOUT
WHY PLYWOOD?
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BIRCH PLYWOOD LAYUP
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31 1.5 mm laminations
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BIRCH PLYWOOD WEB SPLICING PATTERN
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Connection concept
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TRUSS FABRICATION MODEL OVERVIEW
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NORMAL FORCES – TOP CHORD
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NORMAL FORCES - WEBS
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NORMAL FORCES – BOTTOM CHORD
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BIRCH PLYWOOD LAYUP
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BIRCH PLYWOOD TEST SPECIMENS
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BIRCH PLYWOOD TEST SPECIMENS
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SHOP FABRICATION
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BIRCH PLYWOOD LAMINATIONS
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LAYOUT OF BIRCH PLYWOOD IN PREPARATION FOR GLUING
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BIRCH PLYWOOD WEB AFTER GLUING with PURBOND HB E452 single-component polyurethane adhesive
Test Coupons
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BIRCH PLYWOOD WEB PRODUCTION
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BIRCH PLYWOOD WEBS READY TO SHIP (NOTE THICKENED WEBS AT COLUMN LOCATION)
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SITE CONSTRUCTION
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TOP OF THE THIRD FLOOR STRUCTURE, READY FOR WOOD SPACE FRAME INSTALLATION
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COLUMN CONNECTION
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8-SCREW CONNECTION (Top) 4-SCREW CONNECTION (Bottom)
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15-SCREW CONNECTION
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Screw connections
4
8
8
12
4
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20,000 SCREWS -7°C (20° F)
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Pulling the shores …
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COMPLETED PROJECT
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WHAT WE LEARNED Objective 1
Design challenge centers on the nodes and connections.
“Structures are connections held together by members.” - Hardy Cross
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Wood is orthotropic. With engineered wood products, you can orient the wood fibers to your advantage.
WHAT WE LEARNED Objective 1
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Curved space frame members are beautiful, and yet at odds with their structural function.
WHAT WE LEARNED Objective 1
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Knife plates and bolts are expensive and do not always take the best advantage of the wood properties
WHAT WE LEARNED Objective 2
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Notches and half-lap joints dramatically reduce the strength of wood
WHAT WE LEARNED Objective 2
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Screws create strong, redundant wood connections
WHAT WE LEARNED Objective 2
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Preparation of precision virtual models for CNC fabrication is essential.
WHAT WE LEARNED Objective 3
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Design cannot be divorced from fabrication and construction process.
WHAT WE LEARNED Objective 4
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Ques<ons? ThisconcludesTheAmericanInsDtuteofArchitectsConDnuingEducaDonSystemsCourse
GregKingsleyKL&AInc.,StructuralEngineersandBuilders
[email protected]