Ashley Taylor Tissues

Tissues

• Group of cells with similar structure and function.

• Four primary types.• Each type has its own

basic role in the body• Organized into organs

such as the kidney and the heart.

Epithelial/Muscle/Connective/Nervous/Credits

Epithelial Tissue

• Sheet of cells that cover a body surface.

• Form boundaries between different environments.

• Role as an interface tissue allows many functions.

• Classified by its shape and number of layers

Simple/Stratified/Glandular/Home

Simple Epithelia

• One of the names given to the epithelia in the classification system

• All types have a single layer of cells

• Generally located where absorption, filtration, and secretion occur

Simple Squamous/Simple Cuboidal/Simple Columnar/Pseudostratified Columnar/Epithelial/Home

Simple Squamous

• Made up of cells flattened laterally with sparse cytoplasm.

• Functions in diffusion and filtration

• Create a smooth resistance-free lining in the lymphatic and cardiovascular systems

• Two types: endothelium and mesothelium

Simple Cuboidal/Simple Columnar/Pseudostratified Columnar/Simple Epithelia/Epithelial/Home.

Simple Cuboidal

• Cells are cube-shaped with spherical nuclei

• Main functions are secretion and absorption

• Forms walls of the smallest ducts of glands and of kidney tubules

Simple Squamous/Simple Columnar/Pseudostratified Columnar/Simple Epithelia/Epithelial/Home.

Simple Columnar

• Tall, closely packed cells.

• Lines the digestive tract.• Contains dense

microvilli and goblet cells.

Simple Squamous/Simple Cuboidal/Pseudostratified Columnar/Simple Epithelia/Epithelial/Home.

Pseudostratified Columnar

• Cells varying in height• Function in the secretion

and propulsion of mucus• Present in male sperm-

carrying ducts and trachea

• Ciliated and non-ciliated versions

Simple Squamous/Simple Cuboidal/Simple Columnar/Simple Epithelia/Epithelial/Home

Stratified Epithelium

• Second name given to epithelia in the classification system

• Consists of two or more cell layers

• Regenerate cells from below• More durable than the

simple epithelium• Major role is protection

Stratified Squamous /Stratified Cuboidal /Stratified Columnar /Transitional /Epithelial Tissue/Home

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

• Thick membrane• Role is in the protection

of underlying areas• Form the external part

of the skin• Keratinized and

nonkeratinized versions

Stratified Cuboidal /Stratified Columnar / Transitional/ Stratified Epithelium /Epithelial /Home

Stratified Cuboidal

• Quite rare form of stratified epithelium

• Found in the ducts of some larger glands

• Typically two layers of cells thick

Stratified Squamous /Stratified Columnar /Transitional /Stratified Epithelium /Epithelial /Home

Stratified Columnar

• Limited distribution of stratified columnar epithelium throughout the body.

• Small amounts found in the pharynx and male urethra

• Lines some of the glandular ducts

• Found in the “transitional areas”

Stratified Squamous /Stratified Cuboidal /Transitional /Epithelial /Home

Transitional Epithelium

• Lines the hollow urinary organs

• Its basal cell layer usually consists of cuboidal or columnar cells

• Cells stretch to allow expansion

Stratified Squamous /Stratified Cuboidal /Stratified Columnar /Stratified Epithelium /Epithelial /Home

Glandular Epithelium

• Glands consist of one or more cells

• Secrete a particular product

• Classified as either endocrine or exocrine glands

Endocrine/Exocrine/Epithelial/Home

Endocrine Glands

• Often called the “ductless glands”

• Produce hormones excreted by exocytosis

• Structurally diverse

Glandular Epithelium /Exocrine Glands /Epithelial/Home

Exocrine Glands

• More numerous than the endocrine glands

• Secrete products onto body surfaces or into body cavities

• Multicellular and unicellular versions

Endocrine Glands /Glandular Epithelium /Epithelial/Home

Connective Tissue

• Most numerous of the primary tissues

• Binds and supports, protects, insulates, and transports

• Made up of three main elements

• Mesenchyme is their common tissue of origin

Connective Tissue Proper /Cartilage/Bone/Blood/Home

Connective Tissue Proper

• Made up of two subclasses: loose and dense connective tissue

• Includes all mature tissues except bone, blood, and cartilage

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Loose Connective Tissue /Dense Connective Tissue /Connective Tissue /Home

Loose Connective Tissue

• Three types: areolar (as pictured), adipose, and reticular

• Areolar connective tissue cushions organs

• Adipose connective tissue reserves food stores, insulates against heat loss, and supports and protects

• Reticular connective tissue forms a soft internal skeleton to support other cell types

Dense Connective Tissue /Connective Tissue Proper /Connective Tissue /Home

Dense Connective Tissue

• Fibers are its predominant element

• Consists of dense regular and dense irregular tissue

• Attaches muscles to bone or other muscles and bone to bone

Loose Connective Tissue /Connective Tissue Proper /Connective Tissue /Home

Cartilage Tissue

• Possesses qualities transitional of the dense connective tissue and bone

• Tough but flexible• Chondroblasts are its

predominant cell type

Hyaline Cartilage /Elastic Cartilage /Fibrocartilage/ Connective Tissue /Home

Hyaline Cartilage

• Most abundant cartilage type

• Supports, reinforces, cushions, and resists compression

• Found in the embryonic skeleton

Elastic Cartilage Tissue /Fibrocartilage /Cartilage /Connective /Home

Elastic Cartilage

• More elastic fibers allow for stretch ability

• Nearly identical to hyaline cartilage

• Supports ear “skeleton” and epiglottis

Hyaline Cartilage /Fibrocartilage/Cartilage/ Connective/Home

Fibrocartilage Cartilage

• Characteristics in between hyaline cartilage and dense regular connective tissues

• Compressible and resists tension

• Found in the vertebral discs and makes up cartilage of knee joint

Hyaline Cartilage /Elastic Cartilage /Cartilage/Connective/Home

Bone Tissue

• Hard, calcified matrix• Supports and protects• Has cavities for fat

storage

Connective Tissue /Home

Blood Tissue

• Makes up fluid within blood vessels

• Transports respiratory gases, nutrients, and wastes

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Connective Tissue /Home

Muscle Tissue

• Responsible fore most types of body movement

• Possess myofilaments• Three different types:

smooth, skeletal, and cardiac muscle tissue

Smooth Muscle /Skeletal Muscle /Cardiac Muscle /Home

Smooth Muscle Tissue

• Spindle-shaped cells• Found in the walls of

hollow organs• Propels substances

along internal passageways

Skeletal Tissue /Cardiac Tissue /Muscle Tissue /Home

Skeletal Muscle Tissue

• Long, cylindrical, multinucleate cells

• Initiates and controls voluntary movement

• Attached to the bones of the skeleton

Smooth Muscle /Cardiac Muscle /Muscle Tissue /Home

Cardiac Muscle Tissue

• Branching, striated uninucleate cells

• Only found in the walls of the heart

• Propels blood to the whole body as it contracts

Smooth Muscle /Skeletal Muscle /Muscle Tissue /Home

Nervous Tissue

• Main component of the nervous system

• Contains specialized cells called neurons

• Found in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves

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Credits

This slide show presented by Ashley Taylor:All photos provided by:• Http://flickr.com

• Jorrflv• Dragonfly- “Handle with care”• Slc.biol- “PA030025”• Christi’s photos- “Simple squamous epithelium” and “Stratified squamous epithelium

keratinized”• Eecue- “Pig Motor Nerve” and “Dense Connective Tissue”• Greenflames09- “Thyroid Gland 7”• Akay- “hyalinecartilage”• Krisheding- “Skeletal shoulder” and “Skeletal hand”

All Text Provided by:• Marieb, N. Elaine R.N., Ph.D. and Hoehn, Katja M.D. Ph.D.“Human Anatomy and Physiology.” Pearson

Education, Inc. Copyright 2007. San Fransisco, CA.

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