ASEAN Matters for America and America Matters to ASEAN 2014

www.AsiaMattersforAmerica.org/ASEAN

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1The East-West Center promotes better relations and understanding among the people and nations of the United States, Asia, and the Pacific through cooperative study, research, and dialogue. Established by the US Congress in 1960, the Center serves as a resource for information and analysis on critical issues of common concern, bringing people together to exchange views, build expertise, and develop policy options.

Headquarters East-West Center 1601 East-West Road Honolulu, Hawai‘i, 96848 Tel: 808.944.7111 EastWestCenter.org

The Institute of Southeast Asian Studies is a regional research centre dedicated to the study of socio-political, security and economic trends, and developments in Southeast Asia and its wider geostrategic and economic environment. It aims to nurture a community of scholars interested in the region and to engage in research on the multi-faceted dimensions and issues of stability and security, economic development, and political, social, and cultural change.

Headquarters 30, Heng Mui Keng Terrace Pasir Panjang, Singapore 119614 Tel: (+65)6778.0955 ISEAS.edu.sg

For 30 years, the US-ASEAN Business Council has been the premier advocacy organization for US corporations operating within the dynamic Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Worldwide, Council Members generate over $6 trillion in revenue and employ more than 13 million people. Members include the largest US companies conducting business in ASEAN, and range from newcomers to the region to companies that have been working in Southeast Asia for over 100 years. The Council has offices in: Washington, DC; New York, NY; Bangkok, Thailand; Hanoi, Vietnam; Jakarta, Indonesia; Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Manila, Philippines; and Singapore.

Headquarters 1101 17th Street, NW Suite 411 Washington, DC 20036 Tel: 202.289.1911 USASEAN.org

ASEAN MATTERS FOR AMERICA/ AMERICA MATTERS FOR ASEANThis project explores the important relationship between the United States and ASEAN. Part of the Asia Matters for America initiative, this publication and its corresponding website provide tools for a global audience to explore the growing connections in the US-ASEAN relationship in the 21st century.

AsiaMattersforAmerica.org/ASEAN

Project Team

Director: Satu P. Limaye, Ph.D. Coordinators: Chris Feddersen, Mads Stockwell, and Damien Tomkins Research & Content: John Corrigan, Emily Coughlan, Alex Forster, Sarin Ghimire, Jisoo Lee, Colette Morgan, Alexander Nguyen, Nausheen Rajan, Grace Ruch Clegg

Copyright © 2014 East-West Center

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HighlightsASEAN IN PROFILEASEAN includes ten Southeast Asian countries with a $2.4 trillion economy and population of 626 million that will form the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) in 2015—one of the largest markets in the worldThe ten countries of ASEAN—Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam—are pursuing political and security cooperation, economic integration and socio-cultural cooperation.

GEOSTRATEGIC IMPORTANCE OF ASEANASEAN is home to critical global sea lanes located at the center of the world’s strongest economic growth area$5.3 trillion of global trade, and more than half of total shipped tonnage, transit through ASEAN's sea lanes each year.

ASEAN’S ECONOMY ASEAN is the 3rd largest economy in Asia and the world's 7th largestASEAN is the fastest growing economy in Asia after China and has exceeded the global growth average for the last ten years.

THE UNITED STATES AND ASEANASEAN countries are increasingly important diplomatic, economic, and security partners for the USWith more than 36 years as Dialogue Partners, the US and ASEAN cooperate on a broad range of initiatives to address regional economic, security, environmental, and humanitarian challenges. The US has also acceded to the ASEAN Treaty of Amity and Cooperation and joined the East Asia Summit.

TRADEAlmost $100 billion of US goods and services exports go to ASEANASEAN countries, taken together, rank 4th after Canada, Mexico and China as a goods export market for the United States, and the US is the 3rd largest trading partner for ASEAN.

JOBS FROM TRADE7% of US jobs from exports are supported by exports to ASEANMore than 560,000 American jobs are directly or indirectly supported by goods and services exports to ASEAN.

INVESTMENT ASEAN is the number one destination for US investment in Asia ASEAN investment in the US has grown over 1,400% and US investment in ASEAN has increased 169% since 2001. US investment in ASEAN is almost $190 billion exceeding all other destinations in Asia, while ASEAN investment into the US exceeds $27 billion.

INFRASTRUCTURE Over $1 trillion of infrastructure investment is needed in ASEAN through 2020Public-private partnerships—collaborations between regional governments and private-sector companies—offer foreign investors the opportunity to compete in ASEAN’s dynamic, long-term investment market.

TRAVEL AND TOURISMOver 3 million Americans visit ASEAN annually and visitors from ASEAN countries spend over $4 billion in the United StatesThailand, the Philippines, Singapore, and Vietnam are the top four destinations in ASEAN for US visitors.

ASEAN AMERICANS 36% of Asian Americans trace their ethnicity to an ASEAN country 18 US states have populations in which over 40% of Asian Americans identify with an ethnicity from Southeast Asia.

IMMIGRATION 12% of all US naturalizations each year are by individuals from ASEAN countries The number of individuals from ASEAN countries choosing to become US citizens has increased 33% in a decade.

ASEAN-US STUDENT EXCHANGE Students from ASEAN countries contribute over $1.4 billion to the US economy each year and 4,600 US students study in ASEAN countries ASEAN students studying in the United States have increased 31% since the 2003/04 aca-demic year and comprised 9% of all students from Asia studying in the US in 2012/13. The number of US students studying in ASEAN countries has increased over 200% in a decade.

SISTER PARTNERSHIPS94 sister relationships between the US and ASEAN build civic and people-to-people relationships and support commercial tiesThe United States and ASEAN countries share 70 sister city and 24 sister state or sister county partnerships.

STATES & CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS 21 states send at least $1 billion in goods exports to ASEAN each year 57% of congressional districts exported more than $100 million in goods to ASEAN in 2012.

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ASSOCIATION OF SOUTHEAST ASIAN NATIONS (ASEAN)ASEAN Secretariat: Jakarta Population: 626 million Chair rotates annually among member states. www.aseansec.org

BRUNEI DARUSSALAM Capital: Bandar Seri Begawan Population: 0.4 million Member Since: 1984 US-Brunei treaty relations have been active since 1850

INDONESIA Capital: Jakarta Population: 248 million Member Since: 1967 World’s fourth largest country by population

CAMBODIACapital: Phnom Penh Population: 15 million Member Since: 1999 The United States is Cambodia’s largest trading partner

LAOS Capital: Vientiane Population: 7 million Member Since: 1997 Laos joined the World Trade Organization in 2013

ASEAN Includes Ten Southeast Asian Countries with a $2.4 Trillion Economy and Population of 626 Million That Will Form the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) in 2015—One of the Largest Markets in the WorldASEAN, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, was founded in 1967 “to strengthen further the existing bonds of regional solidarity and cooperation.” From the original five member countries, ASEAN has grown to ten members covering more than 1.7 million square miles—over half the size of the continental United States—and a population of 626 million with an economy valued at $2.4 trillion. The ASEAN Treaty of Amity and Cooperation (TAC) lays out the key principles of non-interference and cooperative dispute resolution for members. The US acceded to the TAC in 2009 enabling it to participate in the East Asia Summit. The ASEAN Economic Community (AEC), which is scheduled for implementation in December 2015, aims to create one of the largest single market economies in the world, facilitating the free movement of goods, services, and professionals.

Paci�c Ocean

Philippine Sea

South China SeaBay of Bengal

Indian Ocean

BRUNEI

PHILIPPINES

VIETNAM

CAMBODIA

THAILAND

MYANMAR

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SINGAPORE

MALAYSIA

INDONESIA

AUSTRALIA

PAPUA NEW GUINEA

TIMOR-LESTE

TAIWAN

CHINA

JAPANSOUTHKOREA

NORTHKOREA

INDIA

SRI LANKA

NEPALBHUTAN

BANGLADESH

Malacca Strait

Sunda Strait

Lombok Strait

ASEAN IS AT THE CENTER OF A DYNAMIC ASIA-PACIFIC REGION

Source (Population): International Monetary Fund 2013 data. Monetary values are all in US$ and all numbers are rounded throughout.

MALAYSIACapital: Kuala Lumpur Population: 30 million Member Since: 1967 The United States is the largest investor in Malaysia

SINGAPORE Capital: Singapore Population: 5 million Member Since: 1967 First US Free Trade Agreement partner in Asia

MYANMAR (BURMA) Capital: Nay Pyi Taw Population: 65 million Member Since: 1997 Myanmar is America’s newest trading partner

THAILAND Capital: Bangkok Population: 68 million Member Since: 1967 America’s oldest treaty partner in Asia, starting in 1833

THE PHILIPPINES Capital: Manila Population: 97 millionMember Since: 1967 Largest Filipino population outside the Philippines is in the US

VIETNAM Capital: Hanoi Population: 90 million Member Since: 1995 Trade relations with the US reestablished in 1994

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ASEAN Is Home to Critical Global Sea Lanes Located at the Center of the World's Strongest Economic Growth AreaThe importance of America's current relationship with ASEAN and its future potential for mutually beneficial growth will require greater investments in America's political, economic, and diplomatic engagement with ASEAN. ASEAN’s geostrategic importance stems from many factors, including the strategic location of member countries, the large

shares of global trade that pass through regional waters, and the alliances and partnerships which the United States shares with ASEAN member countries. Recognizing its geostrategic importance, the US cooperates with ASEAN and its member states on a multitude of initiatives ensuring security and stability in the region.

GEOSTRATEGIC IMPORTANCE OF ASEAN

Sources: US Department of State; US Department of Defense; US Energy Information Administration; The White House

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Malacca Strait

Sunda Strait

Lombok Strait

GEOSTRATEGIC IMPORTANCE

BRUNEI

PHILIPPINES

VIETNAM

CHINA TAIWANINDIA

AUSTRALIA

PAPUA NEW GUINEA

TIMOR-LESTE

CAMBODIA

THAILAND

MYANMAR

LAOS

SINGAPORE

MALAYSIA

INDONESIA

In 2012, the United States and Thailand—the oldest US treaty partner in Asia—renewed their alliance with the signing of the Joint Vision Statement for the Thai-US Defense Alliance.

In 2011, the United States Pacific Command deployed a Liaison Officer to the US Mission to ASEAN to facilitate information sharing and engagement.

15 million barrels of oil transit through the Malacca Strait daily.

$5.3 trillion of global trade passes through ASEAN waterways each year, of which around $1.2 trillion is US trade.

In 2013, the US Navy's first littoral combat ship, the USS Freedom, deployed to Singapore.

In 2010, the US-Indonesia Comprehensive Partnership was established to further cooperation between the world’s second and third largest democracies.

In 2012, the United States and the Philippines held their first “Two-Plus-Two” defense and foreign affairs leaders’ meeting, the first “2+2” for the United States and a Southeast Asian country.

In 2011, the USNS Richard E. Byrd became the first US naval vessel to dock in Vietnam for routine maintenance and repairs since the end of the Vietnam War.

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Paci�c Ocean

Indian Ocean

Indonesia$867b

Thailand$401b

Malaysia$312b

Singapore$287b

Philippines$272b

Myanmar$59bBrunei Darussalam$17bCambodia$16bLaos$10b

CHINA$8.9t

INDIA$1.8t

TAIWAN$485b

ASEAN$2.4Tt

JAPAN$5t

SOUTHKOREA

$1.2t

Vietnam$170b

AUSTRALIA$1.5t

LEGEND:b - Billions t - Trillions

ASEAN Is the 3rd Largest Economy in Asia and the World's 7th LargestASEAN is the second-fastest growing economy in Asia after China, expanding by 300% since 2001 and exceeding the global growth average for the past 10 years. Today, ASEAN has a combined GDP of $2.4 trillion and a consumer base of 626 million. ASEAN’s growing middle class, purchasing power, and trade ties all point to greater US-ASEAN benefits over time. ASEAN has five regional free trade agreements with Australia and New Zealand, China, Japan, Korea, and India.

PER CAPITA GDPASEAN’s Per Capita GDP falls between that of India and China.

GDP GROWTHASEAN has been the second-fastest growing economy in Asia between 2001-2013.

GDP COMPARISONSASEAN’s GDP compares to major economies.

Source: International Monetary Fund World Economic Outlook 2013 data

0 $10,000 $20,000 $30,000 $40,000 $50,000 $60,000 $70,000

ASEAN

Australia

China

India

Japan

South Korea

Taiwan

$3,852

$64,157

$6,569

$1,414

$39,321

$23,838

$20,706

0%

100%

200%

300%

400%

500%

600%

ASEAN Australia China EU India Japan Korea Taiwan US

313% 294%

575%

100%

257%

20%

137%

65% 57%

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ASEAN Countries Are Increasingly Important Diplomatic, Economic, and Security Partners for the USThe United States signed the ASEAN Treaty of Amity and Cooperation (TAC) in 2009 and was the first non-ASEAN country to name an ambassador to ASEAN, which it did in 2008. It was also the first to establish a permanent mission to ASEAN, which opened in Jakarta, Indonesia in 2010. Today, the US and ASEAN cooperate on a range of initiatives, including governance and sustainable development, cyber-security, education, English language training, disaster management, human rights, nuclear non-proliferation, and maritime security.

The US and ASEAN are established economic partners. The US-ASEAN Trade and Investment Framework Agreement (TIFA), signed in 2006, has opened opportunities to further trade and commercial ties. The US-Singapore Free Trade Agreement (FTA), implemented in 2007, is America’s first FTA in Asia. Four ASEAN countries—Brunei Darussalam, Malaysia,

Singapore, and Vietnam—are participants in the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) trade agreement negotiations. The US-ASEAN Expanded Economic Engagement (E3) and the ASEAN Connectivity for Trade and Investment (ACTI) initiatives have also strengthened two-way trade and investment.

The United States is active in many ASEAN-led regional institutions including the East Asia Summit (EAS), the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF), and the ASEAN Defense Ministers Meeting-Plus (ADMM-Plus). The US has two treaty allies—the Philippines and Thailand—a close strategic partnership with Singapore, and a growing range of security cooperation with other ASEAN countries.

UNITED STATES AND THE PHILIPPINES

UNITED STATES AND THAILAND

UNITED STATES AND SINGAPORE

Major non-NATO Alliance Major non-NATO AllianceStrategic Framework

Agreement

US-ASEAN SECURITY ALLIES AND PARTNERS

US President Barack Obama meets with ASEAN leaders in Cambodia in 2012.

Source: US Department of State photo by William Ng

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$0.7b

$1.1b

$1.3b

$3b

$2.2b

$0.8b

$1.6b

$1.5b

$1.6b

$1.5b

$0.2b

$1.9b

$1.9b

$4.1b $2.1b$0.2b

$1.3b$1.9b

$0.3b$0.8b

$1.1b$4b

$0.4b

$0.5b

$3.3b

$0.2b

$0.2b

$2b

$3.6b

$1.4b

$0.9b

$0.8b

$0.3b

$0.2b

$0.2b

$0.2b$1.8b

$1.4b$0.4b

$14.6b

$5.5b

$1b

$0.2b

$0.5b

$0.8b

$0.5b

$13.6b

$0.2b

$0.4b$0.2b

MASSACHUSETTSRHODE ISLANDCONNECTICUTNEW JERSEY DELAWAREMARYLAND

NEVADA

WYOMING

MONTANA NORTH DAKOTA

SOUTH DAKOTA

NEW MEXICO

WESTVIRGINIA

MISSISSIPPI

OKLAHOMA

HAWAI‘I

WASHINGTON

OREGON

CALIFORNIA

UTAH

ARIZONA

COLORADO

IDAHO

NEBRASKA

TEXAS

MINNESOTA

IOWA

WISCONSIN

MICHIGAN

ILLINOIS INDIANAOHIO

KENTUCKY

TENNESSEE

ALABAMA

LOUISIANA

GEORGIA

FLORIDA

S CAROLINA

N CAROLINA

PENNSYLVANIA

NEWYORK

MISSOURI

ARKANSAS

KANSAS

ALASKA

VIRGINIADISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

VERMONTNEW HAMPSHIRE

TRADE

$0.6bMAINE

Almost $100 Billion of US Goods and Services Exports Go to ASEAN ASEAN countries, taken together, rank 4th after Canada, Mexico and China as a goods export market for the United States, and the US is the 3rd largest trading partner for ASEAN. The United States exported $76 billion in goods and more than $22 billion in services to ASEAN in 2012, an increase of 78% since 2001.

The total value of US-ASEAN bilateral trade has increased 71% since 2001, from $137 billion to $234 billion. ASEAN’s surplus in goods with the US totaled $48 billion in 2012, while the United States’ surplus in services with ASEAN totaled $9 billion. Overall, bilateral US-ASEAN trade from 2001 to 2012 has grown at an average annual rate of 5%.

GOODS AND SERVICES EXPORTS TO ASEAN

Source (Map and Composition of Exports Chart): Estimated by The Trade Partnership (Washington, DC) Source (US Exports to Asia Chart): US Bureau of Economic Analysis Services data only available for Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand.

COMPOSITION OF US GOODS & SERVICES EXPORTS TO ASEAN

less than $1 billion

$1-2 billion

$2-3 billion

$3-4 billion

$4 billion or more

LEGEND

US EXPORTS TO ASIAUS goods and services exports to ASEAN were valued at almost $100 billion in 2012.

Hawai‘i sends more than 10%, or about $100 million, of its goods exports to ASEAN.

At $3.3 billion, Oregon sends 20% of all of its goods exports to ASEAN.

At 20%, Idaho sends the largest percentage of its goods exports to ASEAN of any state.

At more than $2.5 billion, 7% of Georgia’s goods exports go to ASEAN.

Maine exports more than half a billion dollars, or 18% of its total goods exports, to ASEAN. Chemicals

$8.4b

Machinery$8.9b

Food & Agricultural

Products$9b

Transportation Equipment

$10.1b

Business, Professional & Technical Services$6.8b

Other Services$5.1b

Petroleum & Coal Products$5b

Royalties & License Fees$3.7b

Travel$2.1b

Computers & Electronic Products$18.9b

Other Goods$12.7b

21%

2%4%

6%

6%7%9%

10%

10%

11%

14%

India $34b

Australia $48b

China $142b

Taiwan $37b

South Korea $62b

ASEAN $97b

Japan $118b

0

$30B

$60B

$90B

$120B

$150B

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

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ASEAN Economic Ministers meet US government and local officials at the Port of Los Angeles during their 2013 US Roadshow.

Photo: US-ASEAN Business Council

3,976

7,429

8,664

18,776

14,476

5,040

10,464

9,921

10,212

9,037

1,036

12,441

11,404

25,578 13,6161,096

7,96910,629

1,4525,339

7,33526,524

3,084

3,744

10,399

945

1,032

13,695

22,902

8,826

6,323

6,457

2,663

954

1,960

1,10911,896

8,3263,100

90,057

31,999

7,409

1,550

3,964

5,851

3,830

77,171

1,063

2,4621,530


NEVADA

WYOMING


SOUTH DAKOTA

NEW MEXICO

WESTVIRGINIA

MISSISSIPPI

OKLAHOMA

HAWAI‘I

WASHINGTON

OREGON

CALIFORNIA

UTAH

ARIZONA

COLORADO

IDAHO

NEBRASKA

TEXAS

MINNESOTA

IOWA

WISCONSIN

MICHIGAN


KENTUCKY

TENNESSEE

ALABAMA

LOUISIANA

GEORGIA

FLORIDA

S CAROLINA

N CAROLINA

PENNSYLVANIA

NEWYORK

MISSOURI

ARKANSAS

KANSAS

ALASKA



TRADE

3,684MAINE

Sources: Jobs estimated by The Trade Partnership (Washington, DC); US International Trade Administration Office of Competition and Economic Analysis (OCEA); United States Trade Representative

7% of US Jobs from Exports Are Supported by Exports to ASEANMore than 560,000 American jobs are directly or indirectly supported by goods and services exports to ASEAN. Seventeen states have more than 10,000 jobs that rely on exports to ASEAN countries. It is estimated that 281,000 US jobs are directly supported by exports to ASEAN. US workers

in export-sensitive industries earn more than comparable workers in other industries, as it is estimated that exports add 18% to workers’ earnings in the manufacturing sector and 15% to 20% in the services sector.

JOBS SUPPORTED BY EXPORTS TO ASEAN

In Idaho, where many semiconductor manufacturers are located, 20% of export-dependent jobs are supported by exports to ASEAN.

Malaysia is Maine’s second largest export market after Canada.

TOP TEN STATES:

SHARE OF ALL EXPORT-DEPENDENT JOBS SUPPORTED BY EXPORTS TO ASEANOregon 22%

Hawai‘i 22%

Idaho 20%

Maine 19%

Wyoming 12%

Colorado 12%

Arizona 11%

Rhode Island 11%

Virginia 10%

California 9%

less than 1,000

1,000 - 5,000

5,000 - 10,000

10,000 - 15,000

15,000 or more

LEGEND

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ASEAN Is the Number One Destination for US Investment in AsiaUS investment in ASEAN was almost $190 billion in 2012, up from $71 billion in 2001 and growing at an average annual rate of 9%. The United States invests more in ASEAN than any other market in Asia. In total, nearly a third of all US investment in Asia goes to ASEAN, more than US investment in China, India, South Korea, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and New Zealand combined.

ASEAN investment in the United States increased 1,440% from $1.8 billion in 2001 to $27.5 billion in 2012. Investment from ASEAN into the United States is more than five times that of China’s and exceeds the combined investment from China, Hong Kong, India, Taiwan, and New Zealand.

INCREASE OF INVESTMENT INTO THE USThe growth of investment from ASEAN, 2001-2012, exceeded that of other regions in the world.

0%

300%

600%

900%

1,200%

1,500%

ASEAN Middle East Canada Africa(Less ASEAN)

Europe Latin America

1,440%

239%144% 128% 126% 88% 48%

Source: US Bureau of Economic Analysis

1833: The Roberts Treaty of Amity and Commerce between the US and Siam (Thailand) is signed, the first treaty between the US and an Asian country.

1966: Lyndon B. Johnson becomes the first US president to visit Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam.

1969: Richard M. Nixon becomes the first US president to visit Indonesia.

1968: The Institute of Southeast Asian Studies (ISEAS) is established in Singapore, dedicated to the study of social, political, and economic trends in the region.

1977: The US and ASEAN become Dialogue Partners.

1984: Brunei becomes the sixth member of ASEAN.

1993: Vietnamese film The Scent of Green Papaya is the first Southeast Asian film nominated for an Academy Award.

1994: The US attends the inaugural ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) between ASEAN members and ten dialogue partners to discuss regional political and security issues.

1994: The first two companies based in Southeast Asia to be listed on the New York Stock Exchange are Philippines Long Distance Telephone Company and Singapore-based China Yuchai International Limited.

1995: Vietnam becomes the seventh member of ASEAN.

1997: Myanmar and Laos become the eighth and ninth members of ASEAN.

1999: Cambodia becomes the tenth member of ASEAN.

2009: The Lower Mekong Initiative (LMI), a partnership between the US and Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, and Vietnam, is formed to enhance cooperation in the areas of environment, health, education, and infrastructure development. Myanmar joins in 2012.

2000: Bill Clinton becomes the first US President to visit Brunei.

2003: The US designates Thailand and the Philippines as Major non-NATO Allies.

1992: George H.W. Bush becomes the first US President to visit Singapore.

1949: US threat to withdraw vital Marshall Plan funds helps to force the Dutch to recognize Indonesian independence.

1946: The US and the Philippines sign the Treaty of General Relations recognizing the independence of the Republic of the Philippines.

1954: The South East Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) is formed as a bloc against communist gains in Southeast Asia.

1955: Official US military involvement begins in the Vietnam War, lasting almost 20 years.

2009: The US signs the ASEAN Treaty of Amity and Cooperation (TAC) allowing it to join the East Asia Summit.

1960: Dwight D. Eisenhower becomes the first US president to visit the Philippines.

2010: The US is the first non-ASEAN country to establish a dedicated mission with an ambassador to ASEAN in Jakarta, Indonesia.

2012: Launch of Fulbright Exchange of US-ASEAN Scholars Program.

2012: Barack Obama becomes the first US President to visit Myanmar and Cambodia.

2012: The US-ASEAN Expanded Economic Engagement (E3) initiative is launched to expand trade and investment between the United States and ASEAN.

2013: The US plays a leading role in disaster relief after Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda) in the Philippines.

2013: The US announces the Young Southeast Asian Leaders Initiative (YSEALI) to further strengthen US-ASEAN people-to-people ties.

2012: The US opens the first US–ASEAN Business Forum in Siem Reap, Cambodia to further US-ASEAN economic engagement and integration.

2009: The first US-ASEAN Leaders’ Meeting is held. This annual event is upgraded to the US-ASEAN Summit in 2013.

2004: The US-Singapore FTA is implemented, America’s first free trade agreement in Asia.

2007: ASEAN leaders sign the ASEAN Charter, establishing a formal framework for ASEAN and the appointment of a secretary-general and permanent representatives to ASEAN.

1976: The First ASEAN Summit convenes in Indonesia and SEATO is disbanded the following year, making ASEAN the preeminent international organization in Southeast Asia.

1898: The Spanish-American War results in the Philippines becoming a US territory.

The Battle of Manila Bay.

2004: US-led multinational disaster relief after the Sumatra-Andaman earthquake and tsunami assists devastated regions of Southeast Asia.

Photo: US Department of State

1947: Pan-Am begins commercial flights to Thailand, the first US carrier to fly there.

1967: The Bangkok Declaration establishes ASEAN with five founding countries: Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand.

Narciso Ramos, Adam Malik, Thanat Khoman, Tun Abdul Razak, and S. Rajaratnam represent the founding members of ASEAN at the Bangkok Declaration in 1967.

1962: Malaysia and Thailand are among the first host countries for US Peace Corps volunteers.

Sarawak Peace Corps director Dr. John L. Landgraf (center) talks to reporters outside the information center in Jesselton (now Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia) in August 1962. Photo: New Straits Times.

1984: The US-ASEAN Business Council is founded, the first private-sector-led ASEAN-focused trade association outside of ASEAN.

INV

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T17

Paci�c Ocean

Indian Ocean

AUSTRALIA$133$43

NEW ZEALAND$9$2

JAPAN$134$308

SOUTHKOREA$35$24

CHINA$51$5

HONGKONG$48$6

TAIWAN$16$5

INDIA$28$5

US Direct Investment in Asia(Stock in US$ Billions)ASEAN is the largest recipient of US investment in Asia$$

Foreign Direct Investment in the US(Stock In US$ Billions)6% of Asian investment in the United States comes from ASEAN$$

ASEAN$190$27.5

US-ASIA DIRECT INVESTMENT

DIRECT INVESTMENT (STOCK)Investment from ASEAN in the US increased at an average annual rate of 28% and US investment in ASEAN increased at an average annual rate of 9%.

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 20120

$50B

$100B

$150B

$200B

2012

$27.5b

$190b

US Direct Investment to ASEAN

ASEAN Direct Investment to US

AS

EAN

MAT

TER

S FO

R A

MER

ICA

INF

RA

ST

RU

CT

UR

E 18 19

SouthChina

Sea

Malacca Strait

Sunda Strait

Lombok Strait

Pacic Ocean

Indian Ocean

INFRASTRUCTURECHINA TAIWAN

INDIA

SRILANKA

TIMOR-LESTE

AUSTRALIA

PAPUA NEW GUINEA

less than $100b

$100b-$200b

$200b or more

LEGEND

PHILIPPINES$127b

VIETNAM$110b

CAMBODIA $13b

THAILAND$173b

LAOS$11b

MALAYSIA$188b

MYANMAR$22b

INDONESIA $450b

BRUNEIno data

SINGAPOREno data

Source (map): Asian Development Bank, 2012 data Source (charts): Goldman Sachs, Asia Economic Analyst Issue No. 13/18, May 2013

Over $1 Trillion of Infrastructure Investment Is Needed in ASEAN Through 2020The Asian Development Bank estimates that over $1 trillion must be spent on infrastructure to maintain ASEAN’s current economic growth trajectory. Goldman Sachs estimates that $550 billion of that is needed in just four of the region’s ten economies—Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand.

Public-private partnerships—collaborations between regional governments and private-sector companies—offer foreign investors the opportunity to compete in ASEAN’s dynamic, long-term investment market.

ESTIMATED INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT NEEDS IN INDONESIA, MALAYSIA, THE PHILIPPINES, AND THAILAND BY SECTOR 2013-2020

ESTIMATE FOR INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT NEEDS 2010-2020 PROJECTED GAP BETWEEN INFRASTRUCTURE CAPACITY AND DEMAND IN ASEAN BY 2020

Railways$119b

Ports$33b

Water &Sanitation$26b

Airports$16b

Power$228b

Roads$128b

5%

22%

6%23%

3%

41%

0 20 40 60 80 100

100 80 60 40 20 0

53% 47%

41% 59%

78% 22%

48% 52%

88% 12%

Electricity

Airports

Roads

Ports

Water & Sanitation

LEGEND

Installed capacity by 2020, % of Demand

Capacity de�cit by 2020,% of Demand

AS

EAN

MAT

TER

S FO

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MER

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AV

EL

AN

D T

OU

RIS

M20 21

TOP TEN STATES:

ASEAN VISITOR SPENDING 2012California $522m

Florida $411m

Texas $299m

New York $268m

Georgia $154m

Illinois $151m

New Jersey $128m

Washington $127m

Louisiana $121m

Nevada $114m

Over 3 Million Americans Visit ASEAN Annually and Visitors from ASEAN Countries Spend Over $4 Billion in the United StatesASEAN and the US are closely connected by business and tourism travel with three million American visitors to ASEAN countries in 2012. Thailand, the Philippines, Singapore, and Vietnam are the top four destinations in ASEAN for US visitors.

Paci�c Ocean

TRAVEL & TOURISM

PHILIPPINES649,664

VIETNAM443,826

CAMBODIA 173,076

THAILAND767,420

LAOS53,380

SINGAPORE477,213

BRUNEIno data

INDONESIA 212,851

MYANMAR37,589

Manila

Bangkok

Ho Chi Minh City

less than 100,000

100,000-200,000

200,000-400,000

400,000-600,000

600,000 or moreRegular �ights operated by US carriers.

LEGEND

Indian Ocean

MALAYSIA240,134

VISITORS FROM THE US TO ASEAN

Sources: US International Trade Administration; US Department of Transportation; Cambodia Ministry of Tourism; Statistics Indonesia; Laos Ministry of Tourism; Malaysia Department of Immigration; Tourism Malaysia; Philippines Bureau of Immigration; Myanmar Central Statistical Organization; Singapore Tourism Board; Thailand Department of Tourism and Sports; Vietnam Ministry of Culture, Sport & Tourism. Visitor spending estimated by The Trade Partnership (Washington, DC).

There are more than 1,000 direct flights between the Philippines and California each year.

Outside of Asia, the US is the largest source of tourists to Myanmar and visits have tripled since 2001. The most popular US-ASEAN

air route connects Manila to Guam and accommodates more than 300,000 passengers annually.

AS

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MAT

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AS

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N A

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AN

S22 23

36% of Asian Americans Trace Their Ethnicity to an ASEAN Country Out of the more than 17 million Asian Americans, over 6 million identify with an ASEAN ethnicity. Filipino and Vietnamese are the largest ethnic groups, making up 54% and 27% of the total ASEAN American population. Eighteen states have populations in which over 40% of Asian Americans

identify with an ASEAN ethnicity. Thirty-one other states and the District of Columbia have Asian American populations in which 20% or above identify with an ASEAN ethnicity.

21,352

78,659

70,148

104,083

223,644

29,965

91,795

175,997

39,766

18,981

4,949

59,904

106,664

204,487

7,681

108,09916,954

38,131161,228

7,415100,087

39,204195,664

14,930

21,096

45,390

34,595364,042

138,072

78,027

11,018

42,205

26,967

2,977

2,405

4,613

16,12595,810

29,904150,256

2,515,926

266,468

67,882

4,097

18,594

37,501

38,205

430,947

6,641

2,9399,886


NEVADA

WYOMING


SOUTH DAKOTA

NEW MEXICO

WESTVIRGINIA

MAINE

MISSISSIPPI

OKLAHOMA

HAWAI‘I

WASHINGTON

OREGON

CALIFORNIA

UTAH

ARIZONA

COLORADO

IDAHO

NEBRASKA

TEXAS

MINNESOTA

IOWA

WISCONSIN

MICHIGAN


KENTUCKY

TENNESSEE

ALABAMA

LOUISIANA

GEORGIA

FLORIDA

S CAROLINA

N CAROLINA

PENNSYLVANIA

NEWYORK

MISSOURI

ARKANSAS

KANSAS

ALASKA



ASEAN AMERICANSASEAN AMERICANS

Source: US Census Bureau 2000 and 2010 data

TOP TEN STATES:

POPULATION GROWTHBy ASEAN ethnic group 2000-2010.

PERCENTAGE OF RESIDENTS WHO IDENTIFY WITH AN ASEAN ETHNICITYHawai‘i 27%

California 7%

Nevada 6%

Alaska 5%

Washington 4%

Minnesota 3%Virginia 2%Oregon 2%

New Jersey 2%

Maryland 2%less than 50,000

50,000 - 100,000

100,000 - 150,000

150,000 - 200,000

200,000 or more

LEGEND

Cambodian Americans in Rhode Island are the state’s largest ASEAN ethnic group.

Almost 50,000 Hmong Americans reside in Wisconsin, the largest ASEAN ethnic group in the state.

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

58%

51%

44%

42%

41%

40%

34%

17%

10%

Filipino

Vietnamese

Malaysian

Hmong

Cambodian

Laotian

Total USPopulation

Thai

Indonesia

66% of Asian Americans in Alaska identify with an ASEAN ethnicity.

Illinois has the third largest Filipino population after California and Hawai‘i.

40% of the ASEAN American population in Alabama identify as Vietnamese, the largest ASEAN American group in the state.

AS

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12% of All US Naturalizations Each Year Are By Individuals From ASEAN The number of individuals from ASEAN countries choosing to become US citizens has increased 33% in a decade, and 12% of all US naturalizations in 2012 were by immigrants from ASEAN. More naturalized US citizens in

2012 came from ASEAN countries than from Australia, China, India, Japan, and South Korea combined.

NEW AMERICAN CITIZENS FROM ASEAN

less than 1,000

1,000 - 2,000

2,000 - 3,000

3,000 - 4,000

4,000 or more

LEGEND287

1,251

839

1,575

3,710

501

1,379

2,568

619

282

57

824

1,654

3,953

95

1,600189

5383,133

1211,426

5673,043

220

282

517

551

1,764

2,363

790

118

602

291

12

32

43

2141,289

3081,863

39,369

3,063

701

60

192

457

552

6,827

105

38154


NEVADA

WYOMING


SOUTH DAKOTA

NEW MEXICO

WESTVIRGINIA

MAINE

MISSISSIPPI

OKLAHOMA

HAWAI‘I

WASHINGTON

OREGON

CALIFORNIA

UTAH

ARIZONA

COLORADO

IDAHO

NEBRASKA

TEXAS

MINNESOTA

IOWA

WISCONSIN

MICHIGAN


KENTUCKY

TENNESSEE

ALABAMA

LOUISIANA

GEORGIA

FLORIDA

S CAROLINA

N CAROLINA

PENNSYLVANIA

NEWYORK

MISSOURI

ARKANSAS

KANSAS

ALASKA



IMMIGRATION

Source: US Department of Homeland Security. State totals on map do not add up to national total as some naturalizations were on US territories or US Armed Forces Posts.

PERSONS FROM ASEAN CHOOSING US CITIZENSHIP

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000

44,958Philippines

23,490Vietnam

7,027Laos

6,585Thailand

6,189Cambodia

2,384Myanmar

2,123Indonesia

1,150Malaysia

293Singapore

17Brunei

29% of naturalizations in Wisconsin were by citizens of ASEAN countries, the third highest percentage in the country.

Texas, after California, had the largest number of naturalizations by individuals from ASEAN countries.

46% of naturalizations in Alaska were by citizens of ASEAN countries, the second highest percentage after Hawai’i.

AS

EAN

MAT

TER

S FO

R A

MER

ICA

AS

EA

N-U

S S

TU

DE

NT

EX

CH

AN

GE

26 27

215

820

1,216

672

839

155

521

964

415

197

136

1,010

1,968

3,651 2,792293

405593

32756

1,1291,852

104

244

440

17

391

863

711

76

683

889

60

55

52

106404

298112

9,870

3,791

465

55

360

340

625

4,783

369

51175


NEVADA

WYOMING


SOUTH DAKOTA

NEW MEXICO

WESTVIRGINIA

MISSISSIPPI

OKLAHOMA

HAWAI‘I

WASHINGTON

OREGON

CALIFORNIA

UTAH

ARIZONA

COLORADO

IDAHO

NEBRASKA

TEXAS

MINNESOTA

IOWA

WISCONSIN

MICHIGAN

ILLINOISINDIANAOHIO

KENTUCKY

TENNESSEE

ALABAMA

LOUISIANA

GEORGIA

FLORIDA

S CAROLINA

N CAROLINA

PENNSYLVANIA

NEWYORK

MISSOURI

ARKANSAS

KANSAS

ALASKA



STUDENTS

78MAINE

Students from ASEAN Countries Contribute Over $1.4 Billion to the US Economy Each Year and 4,600 US Students Study in ASEAN countries More than 47,000 students from ASEAN studied in the US during the 2012/13 academic year, comprising 6% of all international students and contributing over $1.4 billion to the US economy. Overall, ASEAN students studying in the United States have increased by 31% since the 2003/04 academic year. Vietnam ranked 8th among countries sending students to the US in 2012/13, and three other ASEAN countries—Indonesia, Thailand, and Malaysia—ranked among the top 25.

The number of Americans studying abroad in ASEAN countries has more than tripled in the last decade, from almost 1,500 in the 2002/03 academic year to just under 4,600 in 2011/12, an increase of 212%. Ten percent of all US students studying in Asia go to ASEAN countries. Thailand and Singapore are the most popular destinations.

INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS FROM ASEAN

Sources: Institute of International Education; NAFSA (Association of International Educators)

TOP TEN STATES:

ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTION OF ASEAN STUDENTS TO THE USCalifornia $319m

New York $117m

Washington $106m

Texas $105m

Massachusetts $103m

Pennsylvania $64m

Illinois $52m

Michigan $37m

Indiana $36m

Ohio $27m

less than 250

250-500

500-750

750-1,000

1,000 or more

LEGEND

GROWTH OF US STUDENTS IN ASEANUS students studying in ASEAN countries have increased at an average annual growth rate of 13%.

Indonesia

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

2002-3 2003-4 2004-5 2005-6 2006-7 2007-8 2008-9 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12

TOTA

L ST

UD

ENTS

FRO

M U

S

11

273176

369303

878

1,130

1,437

Brunei, Laos,Myanmar

MalaysiaPhilippinesCambodia

Vietnam

Singapore

Thailand

AS

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MAT

TER

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MER

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SIS

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AR

TN

ER

SH

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28 29

94 Sister Relationships Between the US and ASEAN Build Civic and People-to-People Relationships and Support Commercial TiesThe United States and ASEAN share 70 sister city and 24 sister state or sister county partnerships. Sister relationships are local partnerships between cities, counties and states with similar jurisdictions.

Sources: Sister Cities International; individual sister city associations


NEVADA

WYOMING


SOUTH DAKOTA

NEW MEXICO

WESTVIRGINIA

MAINE

MISSISSIPPI

OKLAHOMA

HAWAI‘I

WASHINGTON

OREGON

CALIFORNIA

UTAH

ARIZONA

COLORADO

IDAHO

NEBRASKA

TEXAS

MINNESOTA

IOWA

WISCONSIN

MICHIGAN


KENTUCKY

TENNESSEE

ALABAMA

LOUISIANA

GEORGIA

FLORIDA

S CAROLINA

N CAROLINA

PENNSYLVANIA

NEWYORK

MISSOURI

ARKANSAS

KANSAS

ALASKA



SISTER CITIESUS SISTER RELATIONSHIPS WITH ASEAN

0

1

2

3

4 or more

LEGEND

Elgin, Illinois is the only US city to share a sister relationship with a city in Laos.

Maui County in Hawai‘i has the most sister relationships in ASEAN of any US city, county or state with 12 sister relationships.

Beaufort, North Carolina enjoys a sister city relationship with Beaufort, Malaysia.

SOUTH (8 TOTAL) NORTHEAST (4 TOTAL) MIDWEST (7 TOTAL)US ASEANMobile, AL Bolinao, PH

Washington, DC Bangkok, TH

State of Maryland Ninh Thuan Province, VN

Beaufort, NC Beaufort Sabah, MY

Cleveland, TN Phnom Penh, KH

Austin, TX Siem Reap, KH

Fort Worth, TX Bandung, ID

Norfolk, VA Cagayan de Oro, PH

US ASEANNew Haven, CT Hue City, VN

Jersey City, NJ Ozamiz, PH

Pittsburgh, PA Da Nang, VN

Providence, RI Phnom Penh, KH

US ASEANElgin, IL Vientiane, LA

State of Iowa State of Terengganu, MY

Sterling Heights, MI Legazpi City, PH

Sterling Heights, MI Sorsogon City, PH

St. Louis, MO Bogor, ID

Kenosha, WI Quezon City, PH

Madison, WI Bac Giang, VN

WEST (75 TOTAL)US ASEANJuneau, AK Camiling, PH

State of CaliforniaYogyakarta, Special

Province, ID

Berkeley, CA Uma-Bawang (Borneo), MY

Carson, CA La Carlota, PH

Chula Vista, CA Cebu City, PH

Fremont, CA Lipa City, PH

Long Beach, CA Bacolod, PH

Long Beach, CA Phnom Penh, KH

Los Angeles, CA Jakarta, ID

Los Angeles, CA Makati, PH

Milpitas, CA Dagupan City, PH

Newport Beach, CA Vung Tau Ba Ria City, VN

Oakland, CA Da Nang, VN

Orinda, CA Lanphun, TH

Palo Alto, CA Palo, PH

Rohnert Park, CA Tagaytay, PH

Sacramento, CA Manila, PH

Salinas, CA Cebu City, PH

San Bernardino, CA Roxas, PH

San Diego, CA Cavite City, PH

San Francisco, CA Ho Chi Minh City, VN

San Francisco, CA Manila, PH

San Luis Obispo, CA Narvacan, PH

San Mateo, CA San Pablo City, PH

US ASEANSanta Barbara, CA San Juan, PH

Santa Clarita, CA Sariaya, PH

South San Francisco, CA Pasig City, PH

Stockton, CA Battambang, KH

Stockton, CA Iloilo, PH

Suisun, CA Naguilian, PH

Union City, CA Chiang Rai, TH

Union City, CA Pasay City, PH

Vallejo, CA Baguio, PH

Walnut, CA Calamba, PH

State of Hawai‘i Cebu Province, PH

State of Hawai‘i Ilocos Norte Province, PH

State of Hawai‘i Ilocos Sur Province, PH

State of Hawai‘i Isabela Province, PH

State of Hawai‘i Pangasinan Province, PH

Hawai‘i County, HI Legazpi City, PH

Honolulu, HI Baguio, PH

Honolulu, HI Cebu, PH

Honolulu, HI Hue, VN

Honolulu, HI Laoag City, PH

Honolulu, HI Manila, PH

Honolulu, HI Vigan, PH

Kauai County, HI Bagued, PH

Kauai County, HI Urdeneta, PH

Maui County, HI Bacarra City, PH

Maui County, HI Badoc, PH

US ASEANMaui County, HI Manila, PH

Maui County, HI Puerto Princesa, PH

Maui County, HI Quezon City, PH

Maui County, HI San Juan, PH

Maui County, HI Sao Miguel, PH

Maui County, HI Zambales Province, PH

Maui County, HI Cabugao, PH

Maui County, HI San Juan, PH

Maui County, HI San Nicholas, PH

Maui County, HI Sarrat, PH

Las Vegas, NV Angeles City, PH

Las Vegas, NV Phuket, TH

Las Vegas, NV Tagaytay, PH

Reno, NV Udonthani, TH

Angel Fire, NM Quang Tri Town, VN

Salt Lake City, UT Quezon, PH

State of Washington

Pangasinan Province, PH

Bremerton, WA Olongapo, PH

Lakewood, WA Bauang, PH

Longview, WA Mandane, PH

Seattle, WA Cebu City, PH

Seattle, WA Haiphong, VN

Seattle, WA Sihanoukville, KH

Seattle, WA Surabaya. ID

Tacoma, WA Davao, PH

BRUNEI

PHILIPPINES

VIETNAM

CAMBODIA

THAILAND

MYANMAR

LAOS

SINGAPORE

MALAYSIA

INDONESIA

0

1

2

3

4 or more

LEGEND

Cambodia has five sister partnerships with cities in the US.

The Philippines has the most sister relationships with the US of all ASEAN countries at 64.

LEGENDCambodia - KH; Indonesia - ID; Laos - LA; Malaysia - MY; Philippines - PH; Thailand - TH; Vietnam - VN

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www.AsiaMattersforAmerica.org

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ASEANMATTERS FOR

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THE ASIA MATTERS FOR AMERICA INITIATIVEAsia Matters for America/America Matters for Asia is an interactive resource for credible and nonpartisan information, graphics, analysis and news on US-Asia Pacific relations at the national, state and local levels.

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NOTES NOTES

ASEAN Matters for America/America Matters for ASEAN

US-ASEAN Business Council members contributed toward this initiative.

The Asia Matters for America initiative is coordinated by the East-West Center in Washington and can be contacted at:

East-West Center in Washington 1819 L Street, NW, Suite 600 Washington, DC 20036 USA Tel: (+1)202.293.3995 Fax: (+1)202.293.1402 [email protected]

The East-West Center headquarters is in Honolulu, Hawai‘i East-West Center 1601 East-West Road Honolulu, HI 96848 USA Tel: (+1)808.944.7111 EastWestCenter.org

The Institute of Southeast Asian Studies (ISEAS) headquarters is in Singapore and can be contacted at:

ISEAS 30, Heng Mui Keng Terrace Pasir Panjang Singapore 119614 Tel:(+65)6778.0955 ISEAS.edu.sg

The US-ASEAN Business Council headquarters is in Washington, DC and can be contacted at: US-ASEAN Business Council 1101 17th Street, NW Suite 411 Washington, DC 20036 USA Tel: (+1)202.289.1911 USASEAN.org

ASEAN Matters for America and America Matters to ASEAN 2014

Business

average annual

asian americans

ph kauai county

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