AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org S T A R T E R White Terror Louis XVIII’s announcement promising to reverse the Revolution Whiff of Grapeshot Popular vote on a single issue chouans Attacks on those who’d done well out of the Revolution, those who orchestrated the Terror plebiscite Those who were responsible for execution of Louis XVI Verona Declaration 1795 Royalist rising of Vendemiaire
AS History Matters AS History Matters S T A R T E R White Terror Louis XVIII’s announcement promising to reverse.
Apr 02, 2015
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AS
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AS
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S T A R T E RWhite Terror Louis XVIII’s announcement
promising to reverse the Revolution
Whiff of Grapeshot
Popular vote on a single issue
chouans Attacks on those who’d done well out of the Revolution, those who orchestrated the Terror
plebiscite Those who were responsible for execution of Louis XVI
Verona Declaration
1795 Royalist rising of Vendemiaire
regicides Guerrilla groups fighting in the Vendee 1794-6
AS
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AS
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Matt
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Tuesday 11 April 2023
Why did the Directory last so long?
KI3: Radical Revolution 1793-1799.
AS
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Matt
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w.p
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AS
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Matt
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w.p
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matt
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.org
Tuesday 11 April 2023
Session Aims
Events of 1789.
• identify the reasons why the Directory was able to survive for so long
• assess what threats there were to the Directory
AS
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AS
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Re-Cap
• Match up the correct descriptions to the events of Thermidor.
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AS
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Events Description
The men who overthrew Robespierre who were a mix of members of the two committees and the Plain. These men supported the republic and wanted a return to the true revolution.
The deputies were determined to gain control of the institutions that had made the terror possible. This meant abandoning the centralisation established by CPS.
A food shortage led to a demonstration of over 10 000 people directed against the Convention. When the National Guard arrived the crowd dispersed.
This was an armed rising in which a large crowd of housewives and National Guards marched on the Convention to demand bread.
This was an attack on ex-terrorists and all who had done well out of the Revolution by those who had suffered under it.
This was intended to guarantee the main features of the Revolution of 1789. They also wanted to ensure that a dictatorship, like that of the CPS, would be impossible in the future.
A reactionary statement issued by the new heir to the throne promising to reverse many of the gains made during the Revolution.
On 5 October 1795 a large royalist crowd of 25 000 gathered to march on the Convention and seize power. The rebellion was crushed by troops under the leadership of Bonaparte
AS
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Matt
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w.p
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matt
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.org
AS
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Matt
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w.p
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matt
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Events Description
Thermidorians
The men who overthrew Robespierre who were a mix of members of the two committees and the Plain. These men
supported the republic and wanted a return to the true revolution.
Ending the Terror
The deputies were determined to gain control of the institutions that had made the terror possible. This meant
abandoning the centralisation established by CPS.
Germinal A food shortage led to a demonstration of over 10 000 people directed against the Convention. When the National Guard arrived the crowd dispersed.
Prairial .This was an armed rising in which a large crowd of housewives and National Guards marched on the Convention to demand bread.
The White Terror
This was an attack on ex-terrorists and all who had done well out of the Revolution by those who had suffered under it.
The Constitution of Year III
1795
This was intended to guarantee the main features of the Revolution of 1789. They also wanted to ensure that a dictatorship, like that of the CPS, would be impossible in the future.
Verona Declaration
A reactionary statement issued by the new heir to the throne promising to reverse many of the gains made during the Revolution.
Vendemiaire Uprising
On 5 October 1795 a large royalist crowd of 25 000 gathered to march on the Convention and seize power. The rebellion was crushed by troops under the leadership of Bonaparte
AS
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Matt
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w.p
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matt
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AS
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Matt
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matt
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.org
What is the most important reason for the survival of the Directory?
The Directory was committed to restoring the rule of law.
Many of their key opponents were discredited. Few wanted a return to either the Jacobin Terror of
Year II or to the absolute monarchy of the ancien regime.
Whilst many people were prepared to accept a constitutional monarchy the royalists themselves
were deeply divided-between extremists who supported the Verona Declaration and
constitutional monarchists.
Public apathy also helped the Directory to survive-after six years of revolution and three years of
war, revolutionary enthusiasm had all but disappeared.
The army supported the Directory, as a royalist restoration would mean an end to war. Army
officers did not wish to be deprived of an opportunity provided by war for promotion of
plunder.
AS
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AS
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Explain why the Directory was able to survive from 1795-1799. (12 Marks)
12 M
arks
= 1
2 M
inu
tes
Key content (personalities, dates, ideas, events)
• Napoleon• 1795 Whiff of Grapeshot (Vendemiaire)• Babeuf• Fructidor• Financial reform
LiteracyConnectives such as• Moreover Similarly• In contrast ..however…• Therefore
Other helpful words such as…• Absolutism Consent• Legitimate Power• Impact Consequence
Rules / Skills• Minimum words:400 Maximum words:650• Use the explanation formula: statement – (connective) – factual detail• 3 arguments showing why Directory survived• 3 arguments showing threats to the Directory• Historiography (position of Rees, Parker)• Explain ‘why’ the question has been asked• Can the middle third of the essay identify the question set?
AS
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AS
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How much of a threat were the Babeuf Plot and the Coup d’ etat of
Fructidor 1797?
• Babeuf Plot
• Fructidor
AS
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Matt
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AS
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Create a timeline showing the dates of all Governments
1774 1815
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