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1. ARISTOTELIAN REALISM Ed 506 Philosophy of Education By Rey
Jun C. Dieron
2. REALISM: belief that reality exists independently of
observers whatever we believe now is only an approximation of
reality and that every new observation brings us closer to
understanding reality a doctrine that universals exist outside the
mind; specifically : the conception that an abstract term names an
independent and unitary reality
3. REALISM: The doctrine that objects of sense perception have
an existence independent of the act of perception. theory that
things exist objectively: the theory that things such as
universals, moral facts, and theoretical scientific entities exist
independently of people's thoughts and perceptions theory of
objectively existing world: the theory that there is an objectively
existing world, not dependent on our minds, and that people are
able to understand aspects of that world through perception
4. ARISTOTLE (384-322 B.C.) Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle
was born circa 384 B.C. in Stagira, Greece. When he turned 17, he
enrolled in Platos Academy. In 338, he began tutoring Alexander the
Great. In 335, Aristotle founded his own school, the Lyceum, in
Athens, where he spent most of the rest of his life studying,
teaching and writing. Aristotle died in 322 B.C., after he left
Athens and fled to Chalcis.
5. ARISTOTLE (384-322 B.C.) Senses are source of knowledge. Man
forms universals, or categories, from many perceptions of like
objects. Presents deductive reasoning based on experience as method
of science and philosophy. produced books in natural science,
biology, and psychology. Aristotles Metaphysics produces his view
of God as the First Cause Uncaused, pure thought, internal to
nature. Ethics is concerned with individual happiness; Politics is
concerned with collective happiness.
6. FORMS OF SOUL ARISTOTLES PHILOSOPHY OF REALISM
7. is the conscious and intellectual soul peculiar to man
possessed by plants in that they grow and decay and enjoy
nutriment, but they do not have motion and sensation bestows
animals with motion and sensation Forms of Soul: Nutritive Soul
(plant life) Sensitive Soul (animal life) Rational Soul (human
life)
8. FOUR CAUSES ARISTOTLES PHILOSOPHY OF REALISM
9. describes the material out of which something is composed.
FOUR CAUSES: MATERIAL CAUSE FORMAL CAUSE EFFICIENT CAUSE FINAL
CAUSE is that for the sake of which a thing exists or is done,
including both purposeful and instrumental actions and activities.
The efficient cause, the formal cause, and the final cause coincide
in the concept of "form." Hence form is the propelling, organizing
and final principle of becoming. is that from which the change or
the ending of the change first starts. It identifies 'what makes of
what is made and what causes change of what is changed' and so
suggests all sorts of agents, nonliving or living, acting as the
sources of change or movement or rest. tells us what a thing is,
that anything is determined by the definition, form, pattern,
essence, whole, synthesis or archetype
10. FOUR CAUSES: To be able to give a rational account of
constant change in the realm of natural beings and consequently to
lay ground for physics as an explanatory potent science Aristotle
introduces a scheme of causal relations. Nature itself is a
principle and a cause of change. But we speak about the cause with
regard to four different points of reference each pointing to one
aspect of the more general question "why something is".
11. To ask "why something is" means to identify main factors in
the process of potentiality realization. Aristotle explicates this
question in a fourfold way: The material cause points to "that from
which, as a constituent, an object comes into being." (For
instance, the bronze of a statue.) 1. Out of what has a thing come?
Answer obtained by identifying: The Material Cause:
12. To ask "why something is" means to identify main factors in
the process of potentiality realization. Aristotle explicates this
question in a fourfold way: The formal cause embodies the essential
nature (all essential attributes) and represents the model or
archetype of the outcome; conceptually it is expressed in the
definition (logos). (It is the idea of the statue as present in
artist's head.) 2. What is it? Answer obtained by identifying: The
Formal Cause:
13. To ask "why something is" means to identify main factors in
the process of potentiality realization. Aristotle explicates this
question in a fourfold way: The efficient cause is "the source of
the change or rest"; it is the moving cause: "what makes of what is
made and what changes of what is changed" (the sculptor who makes
the statue). 3. By means of what is it? Answer obtained by
identifying: The Efficient Cause:
14. To ask "why something is" means to identify main factors in
the process of potentiality realization. Aristotle explicates this
question in a fourfold way: The final cause states "that for the
sake of which" a thing is done, or, in other words, it explicates
something's end (the final shape or the effect on the audience
which admires the statue). 4. For the sake of what is it? Answer
obtained by identifying: The Final Cause: