April 2015 hindi magazine epaper

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lxdflngL d] + k|sflzt n] vf] + d] + JoQm ljrf/ Pj+ b[li6sf] 0f ;+alwt n] vsf] + s] x} + . ;+kfbs d+8n Pj+ k|sfzs sf p;;] ;xdt xf] gf cfjZos gxL+ x} + .

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lj=;+= @)&@ b: ts b] / xf x} cf} / p;s] ;fy xL / fhg] tfcf] + s] åf/ f to sL uO{ Ps cf} / tf/ Lv eL . s'5 xf] gf xf] xdf/ ] g] tf ;do lgwf{/ 0f d] + ;a;] cfu] / xt] x} + . lhgs] xfyf] + ;] b] z sL gJh 5"6 / xL x} jf] gf hfg] ls; ljZjf; s] txt !% ut] h] i7 sf] n] s/ cfzfjfg x} + . v} / b] zjfl;of] + sf] Ps cf} / sfd ldn uof x} . Ps af/ lkm/ O+thf/ lsof hf / xf x} h] i7 !% ut] sf . b] z sL bzf cf} / lbzf bf] gf] + xL pnemL x'O{ x} . a] rf/ L ;/ sf/ Û j} ;] ;/ sf/ seL a] rf/ L gxL+ xf] tL Sof] +ls b] z sL zlSt lglxt xf] tL x} p;s] xfyf] + d] + lsGt', sO{ dfogf] + d] + xdf/ L ;/ sf/ a] rf/ L xL tf] x} . rfxs/ eL ;+ljwfg gxL+ b] kf / xL x} , 8f= s] ;L sf cgzg gxL+ t'8 Þjf kf / xL x} , cfP lbg xf] / x] anfTsf/ cf} / cGo ck/ fwf] + k/ lgo+q0f gxL+ s/ kf / xL, d+xufO{ sL a9ÞtL / km\tf/ sf] gxL+ / f] s kf / xL, xfF ljkIf s] åf/ f 3f] lift cfGbf] ng cf} / h'n"; sf] / f] sg] sL e/ k"/ sf] lzz h¿/ xf] / xL x} . / } nL d] + zfldn lgxTyL hgtf k/ k|x/ L s] dfWod ;] zlSt cfhdfOz sL hf / xL x} cf} / ;/ sf/ sL ox gLlt dw] zL hgtf s] c;+tf] if sf] cf} / eL e8 Þsfg] sf sfd s/ / xL x} .

gf hfg] ls; v'zkmxdL sL lzsf/ x} xdf/ L nfrf/ ;/ sf/ . cfh eL zfob pGx] + nu / xf x} ls ;a pgs] xfy d] + xL x} , rfx] tf] b] z sL wf/ df] 8Þ b+] . b/ c;n xdnf] u ;eL Ps untkmxdL s] lzsf/ xf] t] x} +, xd] + ox nutf x} ls xdg] ;To sf] hfg lnof x} , hf] xd hfgt] x} + jxL ;To x} . lsGt' Sof cf;dfg, xjf, ;"/ h

sL / f] zgL sf] ls;L g] afFwf x} < : jtGqtf cf} / clwsf/ sL rfx eL P] ;L xL xf] tL x} , O; ;To sf] ls;L ;+u7g, ;Dk|bfo, b] zsfn sL ;Ldf s} b gxL+ s/ kfoL x} cf} / cfh b] z sf Ps dxTjk"0f{ If] q hf] xd] zf ;] bldt, zf] lift cf} / clwsf/ f] + ;] j+lrt / xL x} jx ckg] ;To sf] cf} / ;Qf s] ;To sf] eL hfg r'sL x} . ca p;] r'k s/ f s/ ;/ sf/ ckg] k} / f] + k/ v'b s'Nxf8 ÞL rnfPuL, ox ;To xdf/ L ;/ sf/ sf] eL hfg n] gf rflxP .

jSt sL O;L wf/ sf] ks8 Þg] cf} / ;d] 6g] sL sf] lzz lxdflngL g] ;do ;Gbe{ ljrf/ >+[vnf s] dfWod ;] sL x} . a'l4hLljof] + s] dxTjk"0f{ ljrf/ f] + sf] xdg] hfgg] sL sf] lzz sL cf} / p;] cfk ;'wL kf7sf] + ts kx'Frfg] sf k|of; eL . xdf/ f k|of; x} ls xd ;do ;Gbe{ ljrf/ >[+vnf s] dfWod ;] ;fdlos ljifof] + k/ lrGtg s/ ] +u] cf} / p;] cfks] ;dIf nfPFu] . O;d] + cfks] ;xof] u cf} / k|f] T;fxg sL xd] + ck] Iff x} .

O;L aLr dw] z s] lnP Ps cR5L va/ cfO{ x} , dw] zL cfof] u s] u7g sL, lsGt' ox dw] z sL ;d: of cf} / tsnLkm sf] lstgf ;dem] uf cf} / O;d] + zfldn xf] g] jfn] ;b: o lstgL O{dfgbf/ L ;] sfd s/ ] +u] ox b] vgf x} cf} / ;fy xL ;/ sf/ lstgL O{dfgbf/ L ;] O;] zlSt k|bfg s/ g] jfnL x} , ljrf/ 0fLo k|Zg ox eL x} .

v} / pDdLb k/ b'lgof l6sL x} , cfg] jfnf sn cR5f cf} / ;'vb eljio sf ;+s] t n] s/ cfP OGxL+ cfsf+Iffcf] + s] ;fy gjjif{ sL cz] if cf} / cg] s–cg] s z'esfdgfPF .

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ef/ t s] k|lt 3[0ff, rLg s] k|lt jkmfbf/ L cf} / …;f] gf s] k|lt xflb{s

k|] dÚ s] lnP s'Voft g] kfn s] u[x tyf pkk|wfgd+qL jfdb] j uf} td s] u[x zf;g d] + ;f] g] sL t: sf/ L gxL+ xf] , P] ;f xf] xL gxL+ ;stf . zfob oxL sf/ 0f yf ls uf} td s] u[xd+qL sf kb ;Dxfnt] xL aLaL;L g] kfnL ;] jf ;] n] s/ / fhwfgL sL kq–klqsfP+, Pkm=Pd= / ] l8of] : 6] zgf] + cf} / 6L=jL= r} g] nf] + g] pgsL cR5L enL vf] h va/ nL yL . cf} / , …;f] gf t: s/ f] + ;] pgsL …tyfslyt ldnLeutÚ Pj+ O;;] kxn] ag] u[xd+qL sfo{sfn d] + pgs] åf/ f a6f] / L uO{ …ef/ L

;DklQÚ s] af/ ] d] + k|Zgf] + sL em/ L nuf bL yL . P] ;L l: ylt d] + jx rfx] aLaL;L : 6"l8of] + d] + of ls;L 6LjL r} g] n s] sfo{qmdf] + d] + Sof] + g xf] +, kqsf/ f] + Pj+ P+s/ f] + s] t] h–t/ f{/ ;jfnf] + cf} / u/ dfu/ d gf] s–emf] +sf] + sf pgsf …Ps xL 7uf ;f hafaÚ x'cf s/ tf yf– …cfknf] uf] + s] åf/ f nufP uP ;eL cf/ f] k unt x} +, d} +g] g tf] cs"t ;DklQ hdf sL x} cf} / g xL d] / L ls;L ;f] gf t: s/ ;] seL sf] O{ ;Da+w / xf x} ÚÚ . hals, k|sfz l6a8Þ] jfnf cf} / df] xg uf] kfn v] tfg h} ;] s'Voft ;f] gf t: s/ Pj+ kfs–bf] : tf] + s] ;fy pgsf ;+a+w huhflx/ / xf x} . Ps If0f s] lnP dfg eL n] + ls ;f] gf t: s/ f] + ;] u[xd+qL uf} td s] k'/ fg] l/ Zt] ca …aLt uO{ – aft uO{Ú dfg eL n] + tf] pgs] xL ;xsdL{ ;f+;b pGx] + ck/ fwd'Qm dfgg] sf] ca eL t} of/ gxL+ x} + . lk5n] @* lb;Da/ –kf} if !# ut] _ sf] ;fj{hlgs n] vf ;ldlt sL a} 7s d] + ;ldlt s] ;f+;b ;b: of] + g] cflv/ k"5 xL 8fnf ls …u[xd+qL hL, cflv/ Sof] +, cfks] xL sfo{sfn d] + ;f] gf t: s/ L sf] n] s/ cfk k/ p+ulnof+ p7f s/ tL x} +Ú <

aft oxL+ gxL+ ydtL x} , v'b u[xd+qL uf} td sL kf6L{ g] kfn sDo'lg: 6 kf6L{ -Pdfn] _ s] tTsfnLg dxf;lrj dfwj s'df/ g] kfn g] / fhwfgL s] v'nf d+r–zxLb d+r ;] uf} td sf] s'Voft t: s/ cf} / ck/ fwsdL{ atfof yf . lkm/ eL u'6afhL s] lzs+h] d] + km+;L kf6L{ sf] af/ –af/ s'Voft 5lj s] sf‘d/ ] 8 uf} td sf] xL u[xd+qL sf sfo{ef/ ;f} +kg] sf] afWo xf] gf k8Þtf x} .

g] kfn ;] ef/ t d] + ;f] gf t: s/ L sL va/ ] + lnvt] –lnvt] g] kfn cf} / ef/ t s] kqsf/ f] + sL p+ulnof+ ceL ts ysL gxL+ x} +, Sof] +ls g] kfnL b} lgs Pj+ ;fKtflxs kq–klqsfP+ eL ;f] gf t: s/ L sL va/ f] + sL hfgsf/ L g] kfn cf} / ef/ t sL hgtf sf] b] tL / xtL x+} . O;L l;nl;n] d] + g] kfn s] dxf] Q/ L lhn] ;] nu] ;'/ ;+8 uf+j d] + hfg] sf cj;/ ldnf hf] d] / f hGd: yn eL x} cf} / hxf+ ef/ t ;/ sf/ g] s8ÞL ;] s8ÞL ;Ldf ;'/ Iff sL Joj: yf sL x} Sof] +ls rLg clws[t ltAat sf ;fdl/ s s] Gb| vf;f ;] ;'/ ;+8 sL 6} +s–b"/ L 5x 3+6] ;] eL sd x} . ;'/ ;+8 uf+j sL pQ/ L ;Ldf dxfb] j : yfg

rLg ¿; g] kfn s] / f: t] ef/ t d] + ;f] gf t: s/ L

k|:tf]tfM /fdfzLif

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s] p; kf/ d¿cfxL uf+j x} cf} / bf] gf] + uf+jf] + s] aLr sf b; uhf -gf] d} G; n} +8_, sf pkof] u Zdzfg 3f6 s] ¿k d] + bf] gf] + xL b] zf] + s] u|fdjfl;of] + s] åf/ f lsof hftf x} . O;L l;nl;n] d] + ;'/ ;+8 d] + t} gft ;z: q ;Ldf an s] sfdsfh k/ eL ljleGg If] q s] nf] uf] + ;] rrf{ x'O{ . clwsf+z lzsfot] + ;Ldf kf/ s] g] kfnL uf+jf] + s] nf] uf] + sL yL lhgsf sxgf yf ls xdnf] uf] + sf k/ Dk/ fut afhf/ ;'/ ;+8 x} cf} / olb xd ckgL h¿/ t sL j: t' v/ Lbs/ nft] x} + tf] P;P;aL -;z: q ;Ldf an_ s] hjfgf] + åf/ f xd] + k/ ] zfg lsof hftf x} . hals, P;P;aL s] k|jQmf ;] ha O; ;+a+w d] + hfgg] sL sf] lzz sL tf] pgsf sxgf yf ……ckg] 3/ ] n" pkof] u s] lnP yf] 8ÞL–ax't ;fdu|L of nQf–sk8Þf nf] u n] hft] x} + tf] pGx] + seL eL / f] s–5] s gxL+ sL hftL x} . n] lsg, xf+, olb sf] O{ bf] lSj+6n rLgL n] hf / xf xf] , 6«sf] + d] + lgof{t lgif] lwt rfjn cflb n] hf / xf xf] tf] p;] / f] sgf xdf/ f kmh{ x} . ;fdfGotof nf] u atft] x} + ls ……zfbL–JofxÚÚ s] lnP rLgL rfjn cflb ;fdu|L n] hf / x] x} + hals ;RrfO{ ox x} ls rLgL–rfjn sL t: s/ L sL hf / xL xf] tL x} . k|jQmf g] ox sxs/ x+;f xL lbof ls ca tf] t: s/ L s/ g] jfn] g] kfnL ;fx"–dxfhg, a] 6] –a] l6of] + sL zfbL s] kmhL{ lgd+q0f sf8{ eL 5kjf n] t] x} + cf} / p;s] dfWod ;] pkef] Qmf j: t'cf] + sL t: s/ L lsof s/ t] x} + .

aftrLt s] bf} / fg k|jQmf s] d'+x ;] Ps aft tf] lgsn xL uoL . pGxf] +g] sxf ox ;a tf] 5f] 6L–df] 6L aft] + x} +, ;d: of tf] ox pe/ s/ ;fdg] cfoL x} ls ……g] kfn ;] ef/ t d] + xf] / xL ;f] gf sL t: s/ L sf] s} ;]

/ f] sf hfPÚ < xdf/ f ox s} +k eL Sof s/ ;stf x} < ox 7Ls x} ls b;uhf ;Ldf s] lsgf/ ] xdf/ L] r} lsof] + sL ;+Vof kxn] ;] ax't clws a9Þf bL uO{ x} +, ;Ldf k/ uZtL eL a9Þf bL uO{ x} , r} s;L a/ tL hf / xL x} , n] lsg ;jfn ox x} ls bf] rf} lsof] + s] aLr sL Ps lsnf] dL6/ sL b"/ L d] + olb sf] O{ t: s/ ckg] 3';k} l7of] + åf/ f v] tf] + of afu–auLr] s] / f: t] ;f] gf kf/ s/ f b] tf] p;] s} ;] / f] sf hfP <

k|: t't x} g] kfn ;] ef/ t d] + sL hf / xL ;f] gf sL t: s/ L k/ ;g;gLv] h Pj+

vf] hk"0f{ l/ kf] 6{ lh;d] + g s] jn ;f] gf t: s/ L d] + g] kfn, clkt' rLg cf} / ¿; sL lstgL clws ;+nUgtf x} , O;sf kbf{kmfz lsof uof x} . d'em] ljZjf; x} ls ox vf] hk"0f{ l/ kf] 6{ kf7sf] + s] lnP hxf+ dgf] 1 xf] uf, jxL+ t: s/ L / f] syfd d] + nu] x'P ;'/ Iff t+q s] lnP ;xof] uL .

6«flGh6 kf‘OG6M g] kfncGt/ f{i6«Lo ;f] gf t: s/ f] + åf/ f g] kfn

sf] …kf/ udg s] Gb| -6«flGh6 kf] cfOG6_ agft] x'P, rLg s] / f: t] ef/ t d] + a8Þ] k} dfg] k/ ;f] gf sL t: s/ L lsP hfg] sL ;g;gLv] h va/ ] + ldn / xL x} . o] t: s/ g] kfn sL pQ/ L ;Ldf rLg clws[t …ltAatÚ ;] g] kfn s] ljleGg lhn] s] / f: t] ;f] gf nfof s/ t] x} + cf} / p;] g] kfn–ef/ t sL v'nL ;Ldf sf nfe p7ft] x'P ef/ tLo afhf/ f] + d] + 3';f b] t] x} + .

: jL6\h/ n} +8 cf} / ck|mLsf ;] ;Lwf rLg cfg] jfnf, ;f] gf ?; cf} / g] kfn xf] t] x'P cGt/ f{i6«Lo afhf/ d] + t: s/ L xf] g] sL hfgsf/ L ;fdg] cfoL x} . ef/ t cf} / rLg, kxn] : jL; a} +sf] + s] dfkm{t ;f] gf cfoft lsof s/ tf yf hals xfn s] lbgf] + d] + o] blIf0f ck|mLsf ;] eL cfoft s/ g] nu] x} + .

rLg ckg] oxf+ cfg] jfnf ;f] gf sf s'5 efu v'b pkof] u s/ tf x} hals af+sL ar] ;f] gf sf g] kfn cf} / ¿; d] + cj} w lgof{t s/ lbof hftf x} . o] t: s/ , rLg ;/ sf/ tyf p;sL ljleGg OsfOof] + s] cnfjf eL,

ck/fw

rLg–g] kfn s] ;f] gf–t: s/ åf/ qmdf+s lhnf g] kfn åf/ rLg -ltAat_ åf/

!= bfr{'nf lnk'n] s tfSnfsf] 6÷a'/ fG8@= bfr{'nf l6+s/ tfSnfsf] 6#= aemf+u p/ fn eGhf+u tfSnfsf] 6$= x'Dnf lxonf tfSnfsf] 6%= d'u' vKtf+u r} / ;f] df+u^= 8f] Nkf d'l;uf+j k/ of+u,&= d': tf+u nf] dfGyf+u lhln, sf] / ] nf*= dgf+u gf¿ -gf/ _ luofNnf(= uf] / vf nf] s{] eGhf+u af/ kfs, ;f3!)= / ;'jf / ;'jfu9ÞL s] ¿+u!!= l;Gw'kfnr} s tftf] kfgL vf;f –em+udn_!@= bf] nvf nfKr] uf+j l6+s/ L!#= ;f] n'v'Da' gfKr] r'n] l6+s/ L!$= ;+v'jf;ef lsdf+uyf+sf l8+u] , l/ d ahf/ !%= tfKn] h'+u cf] nf+ur'+u uf] nf / f] +u;f/ !^= tfKn] h'+u nf] gfs / f] +u;f/


Ps cnu ;+o+q v8Þf s/ , ljleGg r} g] n dfkm{t ;f] gf sL t: s/ L s/ / x] x} + . j} ;] b] v] + tf] g] kfn d] + rLg s] / f: t] kxn] ;] eL ;f] gf sL t: s/ L xf] tL cf / xL x} . ……Nxf;fdf ;'g 5, sfg d] / f] a'Rr} ÚÚ -cyf{t\ k8Þf] ; s] Nxf;f d] + rfx] lhtgf eL ;f] gf Sof] + g xf] n] lsg d] / f sfg tf] vfnL xL x} _ÚÚ– O; g] kfnL sxfjt sf] ofb s/ ] + tf] g] kfn d] + rLg -ltAat_ ;] ;f] gf t: s/ L sf k'/ fgf Oltxf; x} . vf;s/ ;g\ !(%( d] + ltAat ;] bnfO{nfdf s] knfog s] ;fy xL pgs] kl/ hg tyf ;dy{s, rLg d] + a;] / xg] sL cj: yf gxL+ / xg] s] sf/ 0f, ckgL ;DklQ, ;f] gf s] ¿k d] + xL g] kfn tyf ef/ t nf kfP y] .

kxn] lnk'n] s, l6+s/ , p/ fn eGhf+u, lxonf, vKtf+u r} / , d';Luf+j, nf] dfgyf+u, gf¿ -gf/ _, nf] s{] eGhf+u, / ;'jfu9ÞL cf} / tftf] kfgL ;lxt !^ gfsfcf] + åf/ f g] kfn d] + ;f] gf cfof s/ tf yf . hals, xfn s] lbgf] + d] + o] t: s/ , rLg s] s] ¿+u, / ;'jfu9ÞL, vf;f -emf+udn_, l;Gw'kfn r} s lhn] s] tftf] kfgL, / f] +u;f/ , tfKn] h'+u lhn] s] cf] nf+ur'+u uf] nf,

nf] gfs, l6+u/ L, ;f] n'v'Da" lhn] s] gfKr] r'n] cf} / bf] nvf lhn] s] nfKr] uf+j s] / f: t] sf] d'Vo t: s/ L dfu{ agfof x} .

: d/ 0fLo x} ls ;f] gf t: s/ f] + sf] ks8Þg] cf} / 5f] 8Þg] sL k|lqmof kxn] ;] rnt] / xg] k/ eL a8Þ] k} dfg] s] #% lsnf] ;f] gf ;lxt rLgL d"n s] g] kfnL Uonhf] nfdf ;lxt ef/ tLo d"n s] df] xg cu|jfn sf] ks8Þf uof yf . …;f] gf–8f‘gÚ s] gfd ;] kl/ lrt 3gZofd cu|jfn sf efO{ df] xg cu|jfn, k'g/ fj] bg cbfnt ;] ;fdfGo hdfgt k/ l/ xf lsP hfg] s] afb, lkm/ ;] ;f] gf sf sf/ f] af/ s/ / xf x} , hals t: s/ L d] + pkof] u lsof uof 8«fO{j/ ceL eL h] n d] + aGb x} .

xfn xL d] + afnfhL 6«] 8;{ sf7df+8" s] ;+rfns Onfd sf afns[i0f cu|jfn, ;+ud Hj] n;{ af+u] d'9Þf s] ;+rfns / d] z v8\sf, b o"gfO{6] 8 uf] N8 df6{ s] ;+rfns k|a+ws cfsfz s'df/ ah|frfo{, dxf/ fi6« s] d"n lgjf;L tyf sf7df+8" s] Go" / f] 8 d] + ;f] gf rf+bL sf Jofkf/ s/ t] cf / x] jfn' huGgfy 3f8\u] s] oxf+ ut df3 @% ut] -* km/ a/ L_

sf] 5fkf df/ f cf} / 3f8\u] sf] lx/ f;t d] + n] lnof yf . ef/ tLo Jofkf/ L 3f8\u] ;] @ lsnf] ;f] gf s] cnfjf @ s/ f] 8Þ g] kfnL ¿kof, s] ;fy xL ……kf+r ;f} tyf xhf/ ¿ko] sf ef/ tLo gf] 6ÚÚ eL a/ fdb x'cf yf . blwsf] 6–$ eQmk'/ s] / d] z v8\sf ;] *! nfv %! xhf/ gub tyf #% lsnf] rf+bL a/ fdb lsof uof yf . cfsfz s'df/ ah|frfo{ sL b'sfg ;] tLg lsnf] lgld{t uxgf ;lxt 5 lsnf] rf+bL s] ;fy xL gub #! nfv ¿kof, ck/ fw cg';+wfg zfvf xg'dfg 9f] sf sL 6f] nL sf] ldnf yf . g] kfnL k'ln; s] cfk/ ] zg …cfS6f] k;Ú s] bf} / fg df3 @! ut] -$ km/ a/ L_ sf] ;'ax ;jf gf} ah] ;] ;f+em ;jf rf/ ah] ts sL uO{ lu/ km\tf/ L, g] kfn d] + hf/ L ;f] gf sL t: s/ L sf eofjx cj: yf lrlqt s/ tf x} .

k'ln; g] %* lbgf] + s] cg';Gwfg s] bf} / fg !& JolQmof] + sf] ;f] gf sf cj} w wGwf -cf] ;f/ –k;f/ _ s/ g] s] cf/ f] k d] + ks8Þf yf . oBlk df3 @! ut] -$ km/ a/ L_ sf] Jofkfl/ s : ynf] + k/ 5fkf df/ s/ ;f] gf Jofkfl/ of] + sf] en] xL lu/ km\tf/ lsof uof

ck/fw

;fj{hlgs n] vf ;ldlt g] …a/ fdb ;f] gf s] sdLzg ljjfbÚ, d] + u[xd+qL ;] n] s/ ;lrj cf} / k'ln; dxflg/ LIfs ts k/ , ldnLeut sf cf/ f] k nug] s] afb, ;+nUg k'ln;sld{of] + sf] cf} / clws ;hf lbnfg] s] lnP, …ck/ fw lj?4 sfg"gÚ cGtu{t sf/ {jfO{ s/ gf z'¿ s/ lbof x} .

k'ln; g] tftf] kfgL gfsf s] / f: t] ;f] gf t: s/ L s/ g] jfn] !$ t: s/ f] + s] lu/ f] x sf] klxrfgs/ , pgnf] uf] + s] lvnfkm d'sbdf bfo/ lsof x} . Ogd] + ;] ( JolQm ks8Þ] uP x} + tyf af+sL km/ f/ x} + . ;+ul7t ck/ fw s] dfdn] d] + cGo sfg"gf] + sL ck] Iff ;hf 8] 9Þu'gL xf] tL x} . ;f] gf sL t: s/ L d] + kf+r jif{ s} b sL ;hf sf k|fjwfg x} . p;L d] + olb ;+ul7t ck/ fw sf d'2f h'8Þf tf] ;hf ;f9Þ] ;ft jif{ sL xf] tL x} .

;fj{hlgs n] vf ;ldlt s] ;b: o ;f+;bf] + g] @* lb;Da/ -kf} if !# ut] _ sf] x'O{ a} 7s d] + u[xd+qL jfdb] j uf} td ;] k"5f – ……u[xd+qL hL, cfks] xL sfo{sfn d] + ;f] gf t: s/ L sf dfdnf Sof] + p7f s/ tf x} ÚÚ < Ps cGo a} 7s d] + tf] v'b cfO{ hL kL

-k'ln; dxflg/ LIfs_ pk] Gb|sfGt cof{n sf] pkl: yt s/ fs/ , pg;] k"5f uof yf– ;'gt] x} + ls ;f] gf t: s/ L sf sdLzg cfO hL kL ts kx'+rtf x} .

pQm a} 7s d] + u[x;lrj ;"o{ l;njfn g] ;ef;bf] + ;] dof{bf agfP / vg] sf cg'/ f] w lsof yf . a} 7s s] afb cfO{ hL kL g] u+eL/ tyf ;+ul7t ls: d s] dfdn] d] + cg';+wfg s/ g] sL lhDd] bf/ L kfP x'P dxfgu/ Lo ck/ fw zfvf sf] , ;f] gf t: s/ L k/ lgo+q0f s/ g] sf lhDdf ;f} +kf . pQm dxfzfvf g] cf‘k/ ] zg cf‘S6f] k; gfd ;] cleofg rnfof . k'; @! ;] 6f] nL agfs/ afnfhL P08 ;G;, o"gfO{6] 8 uf] N8 df6{, dfdg : 6f] ;{ cf} / ;+ud Hj] n;{ k/ 5fkf df/ s/ cj} w ¿k d] + nfP uP 5 lsnf] ;f] gf cf} / 56 lsnf] rf+bL a/ fdb lsof yf . s'/ ] bg] k/ !$ t: s/ f] + s] lu/ f] x sf ktf rnf, P] ;f dxfzfvf k|d'v P; P; kL k'is/ sfsL{ atft] x} + . pQm cf‘k] / ] zg s] cGtu{t xfn ts 33 lsnf] ;f] gf a/ fdb lsof hf r'sf x} .

k'ln; g] lj=;+= @)&!–&@ d] + !% sL

sf/ {jfOof] + d] + !#) lsnf] ;f] gf a/ fdb lsof yf . hals, O;;] kxn] lj=;+= @)&)–&! d] + @% sf/ {jfO{of] + d] + () lsnf] ;f] gf ks8Þf uof yf . O;L k|sf/ @)^(–&) d] + !& sf/ {jfO{ d] + *# lsnf] ;f] gf a/ fdb x'cf yf . s] jn sf7df+8" d] + xL @)^(–&) d] + 68 lsnf] , @)&)–&! d] + ^^ lsnf] cf} / @)&!–&@ d] + &! lsnf] ;f] gf a/ fdb x'cf . lkm/ eL ;+ul7t sfg"g nufgf cfjZos gxL+ ;demf uof . Otgf xL gxL+ a/ fdb xf] g] s] afb ;f] gf ;lxt ks8Þ] hfg] jnf] + s] cnfjf nf] uf] + sL vf] h tnfz eL gxL+ sL uO{ hals ;f] gf ;lxt ks8Þ] uP nf] uf] + d] + uf8ÞL s] 8«fOj/ of s'nL xL x'cf s/ tf yf .

k'ln; s] s] Gb|Lo cg';Gwfg Ao"/ f] -;L cfO aL_ g] ut jif{ cfiff9Þ dxLg] d] + tftf] kfgL ;] nfP hf / x] sG6] g/ ;] !% lsnf] ;f] gf a/ fdb lsof yf cf} / 8«fOjf/ s] aofg s] cfwf/ k/ ;f] gf s] dflns df] xg cu|jfn cf} / UofDhf] nfdf sf] ks8Þf yf . P; P; kL sfsL{ . atft] x} + O;;] kxn] s] jn el/ of–s'nL_ xL ks8Þ] hft] y] hals O; af/ cg';Gwfg s] åf/ f

;f] gf t: s/ f] + k/ ;+ul7t ck/ fw sf d'sbdf


;f] gf sL t: s/ L s/ fg] jfn] ts kx'+rf hf ;sf . O;;] kxn] / fh: j rf] / L s] dfdn] d] + sf/ jfO{ s/ g] k/ , k'ln; sL e"ldsf ks8Þ] uP JolQm cf} / a/ fdb ;fdfg / fh: j ;] ;Da4 lgsfo sf] ;f} +kg] ts xL x'cf s/ tf yf . O;lnP dfn s] dflns ts kx'+rg] d] + sl7gfO{ xf] tL yL . jx atft] x} + …xdnf] uf] + åf/ f ;'k'b{ s/ lbP hfg] s] afb cf} / clws cg';Gwfg sf sfd / fh: j cf} / s: 6d ljefu s] lhDd] x'cf s/ tf yf . ;+ul7t ck/ fw sfg"g s] cGtu{t cg';Gwfg s/ g] k/ nufgLstf{, dWo: ystf{ cf} / s} l/ o/ sL lhDd] af/ L sf ktf nufg] s] afb ;+ul7t ¿k d] + ck/ fw sL hfgsf/ L xf] g] nuL x} .

b o"gfO6] 8 uf] N8 s] ;+rfns cfsfz s'df/ ah|frfo{ cf} / Onfd s] afns[i0f cu|jfn ;f] gf t: s/ L d] + ;fj{hlgs ck/ fw sf d'sbdf ef] u / xf x} . kf+u|] 6f, l;Gw'kfnr} s sf b] ptf ltldlN;gf, / f} tx6 l;d/ f eujtLk'/ –# sf df] xg rf} w/ L, sfe|] gofahf/ sf ldng tdf+u cf} / s} nfnL dfntL sf ho/ fh e§ km/ f/ x} . k'ln; g] z'¿ d] + ks8Þ] uP df] xg, / fd/ fh, gf/ fo0f cf} / lszf] / L r} w/ L sf] ;fj{hlgs ck/ fw s] c/ f] k d] + lx/ f;t lnof yf p;s] afb xL cf} / clws nf] uf] + sf] ks8Þf yf .

jx atft] x} + …ca xd] zf k'ln;–t: s/ n'sf–l5kL sf v] nÚ v] ng] ;] sfd gxL+ rn] uf, oxL dfgs/ gLlt d] + abnfj nfof x} Ú . O;;] k'ln; s] xd] zf ;f] gf s] kL5] nug] cf} / abgfd xf] g] sL cj: yf sfod gxL+ / x] uL . sfsL{ atft] x} + – gful/ s ;'/ Iff sf] kxnL k|fyldstf b] g] jfnL k'ln; sf] ;f] gf t: s/ s] kL5] nu] / xg] cf} / ljjfb d] + 3;L6] hfg] sL cj: yf sf cGt s/ g] sL OR5f x} . jx atft] x} + ls Ps s/ f] 8Þ ¿ko] ;] clws sL hdfgt / flz cf} / # jif{ sL s} b sL ;hf jfn] ck/ fw s] dfdn] d] + ;+ul7t ck/ fw sfg"g cfslif{t xf] g] s] sf/ 0f ca ;f] gf sL t: s/ L sf lgo+q0f cf;fg xf] uf .

Ps ;do j} ;f eL yf ha / fhgLlt d] + ;f] gf t: s/ f] + sf af] nafnf xf] g] sL rrf{ x'cf s/ tL yL . lj=;+= @)%! ;] @)%^ ;fn ts af/ –af/ ;/ sf/ agfg] cf} / lu/ fg] s] v] n d] + pgsL lg0ff{os e"ldsf x'cf s/ tL yL . p; ;do …xnsfÚ cf} / …ef/ LÚ zAb sf k|of] u lsof hftf yf . xnsf zAb ;] 8f‘n/ sf afx/ hfg] cf} / ef/ L zAb ;] ;f] gf cfg] sf cy{ nufof hftf yf . ta lqe'jg ljdfg: yn k/ k'ln; sL t} gftuL t: s/ f] + sL OR5f ;] sL hftL yL . t: s/ f] + sL ?lr s]

k'ln;sdL{ af/ –af/ ljdfg: yn k/ t} gft lsP hft] y] . ljqmd ;+jt @)%% ;fn d] + ;a;] clws jhg sf ;f] gf, cyf{t\ ## 6g ;f] gf j} w ¿k d] + xL g] kfn nfof uof yf . ;f] gf rf+bL Jofj;foL dxf;+3 s] lgjt{dfg cWoIf t] h/ Tg zfSo atft] x} + …j} w ¿k d] + nfof uof ;f] gf sf tf] Sof n] vf–hf] vf s/ ] +, ef/ tLo bafa s] s] sf/ 0f !) lsnf] ts ;f] gf nfg] sL ;'ljwf aGb sL uO{ . p; ;do ofqL # tf] nf @) nfn ts sf ;f] gf s: 6d 5"6 lgod s] cg';f/ nf ;st] y] . @)^# ;fn df3 ! sf] cWofb] z dfkm{t cf] k] g hg/ n nfO{;] G; –cf] hL Pn_ nfu" lsof uof . O;s] txt ls;L sf] eL rfx] lhtgf eL ;f] gf nfg] sL 5"6 ldnL cf} / s: 6d z'Ns r'sfs/ , hf] sf] O{ eL rfx] lhtgf eL ;f] gf nfg] nu] . afb d] + clws kl/ df0f d] + ;f] gf cfg] s] sf/ 0f ha ;/ sf/ g] / fh: j 3f6f dx;"; lsof tf] @)^^–^& ;fn s] cGt d] + ;f] gf cfoft sf] lgo+lqt lsof . ef/ t d] + ;f] gf sf s: 6d z'Ns b/ g] kfn sL ck] Iff #%) ¿kof sd xf] g] s] sf/ 0f j} wflgs r} g] n åf/ f xL pQm jif{ $! c/ a sf ;f] gf cfoft x'cf yf . lh; sf/ 0f b] z sf] @) c/ a sf zf] wgfGt/ 3f6f ef] ugf k8Þf -;f} hGoM sf=k'=_

xf] n] lsg kmfu'g @% ut] -( dfr{_ cyf{t\ #$ lbgf] + afb xL kqsf/ ;Dd] ng cfof] lht s/ k'ln; s] åf/ f ;j{;fwf/ 0f sf] hfgsf/ L bL uO{ yL . g] kfnL k'ln; sL ;jf{lws vf] h sL ;"rL d] + k8Þ] x'P afns[i0f cu|jfn s] kf6{g/ ;fj/ dn hf] wfgL cf} / s'lnof] + sf ;/ ugf -el/ of gfOs] _ >L/ fd r} w/ L km/ f/ x} . pgd] + ;] ;+ud Hj] n;{ s] ;+rfns / d] z v8\sf / fh: j cg';Gwfg ljefu d] + hdfgt / flz hdf s/ f –w/ f} 6L_, r's] x} + n] lsg ;DklQ z'l4s/ 0f ljefu åf/ f cg';Gwfg hf/ L x} . hals, ;DklQ z'l4s/ 0f ljefu d] + hdfgt / flz hdf s/ f r'sg] s] afb eL cfsfz ah|frfo{ sf] lkm/ ;] xg'dfg 9f] sf k'ln; g] rfnfg s/ lbof x} cf} / jx O; jQm h] n d] + x} .

g] kfn d] + ;f] gf t: s/ L sf d'Vo sf/ 0f x} ;f] gf s] cfoft d] + nug] jfnf s/ cf} / g] kfn s] ljleGg a} +sf] + åf/ f ;f] gf sL t: s/ L d] + sL hfg] jfnL abdfzL . kxnf sf/ 0f x} g] kfn / fi6« a} +s ……sÚÚ ju{ s] a} +sf] + sf] , k|lqmof k"/ f s/ , ;f] gf cfoft sL cg'dlt b] ;stf x} . n] lsg, O; k|lqmof d] + j} wflgs

9+u ;] ;f] gf nfg] s] lnP k|lt tf] nf $,*)) ?= cfoft s/ r'sfgf k8Þtf x} . hals, t: s/ L s] ;f] gf d] + k|lt lsnf] $ nfv !! xhf/ #^) ¿kof sf d'gfkmf x} .

b";/ f, ox ls g] kfn s] a} +sf] + åf/ f cfoft lsP hfg] jfn] ;f] gf d] + dfq ((=)% k|ltzt xL ;f] gf x'cf s/ tf x} hals t: s/ L s] / f: t] cfg] jfn] ;f] gf d] + ((=(( k|ltzt ;f] gf x'cf s/ tf x} . Ps lsnf] ;f] gf d] + 8] 9Þ tf] nf tfDaf ldnfg] s] afb xL jx ((=)% k|ltzt s] a} +s åf/ f a] r] hfg] jfn] : t/ s] a/ fa/ xf] kftf x} . O;;] cj} w s/ f] af/ L $ nfv !! xhf/ #^) ¿kof ……s/ rf] / LÚÚ s/ tf x} cf} / 8] 9Þ tf] nf tfDaf sf] ;f] gf s] d"No d] +, cyf{t\ &^ xhf/ ¿kof d] + a] r kftf x} . O; sf/ 0f eL ;f] gf sL t: s/ L Jofks cf} / ef/ L k} dfg] k/ x'cf s/ tf x} .

tL;/ f sf/ 0f, r} +sfg] jfnf x} – cf} / jx x} , g] kfn ;] ef/ t d] + ax't a8Þ] k} dfg] k/ xf] / xL ;f] gf sL t: s/ L . ef/ t d] + ;f] gf sL sLdt g] kfn sL ck] Iff k|lt tf] nf nueu $#&=%) ?= -&)) g] kfnL ¿kof_ clws x} . O; sf/ 0f g] kfn sf Jofkf/ L ;f] gf sf uxgf

agfs/ p;] ……j} wflgs ¿kÚÚ d] + ef/ t e] h / x] x} + hf] g] kfn s] sfg"g s] cg';f/ j} w xf] g] k/ eL ef/ t d] + u} / sfg"gL x} . g] kfn ;] olb sRrf ;f] gf xL ef/ t d] + t: s/ L åf/ f hftf x} tf] ^) xhf/ g] kfnL ¿ko] sL cfdbgL xf] tL x} . g] kfn ;] ef/ t hfg] jfnf JolQm olb 5 tf] nf t} of/ uxgf eL n] hftf x} tf] dhb"/ L s] cnfjf p;] Ps af/ d] + $ xhf/ ¿ko] sL cfdbgL xf] tL x} .

Ps uf] kgLo ;j{] If0f s] cg';f/ g] kfn d] + b} lgs %) ;] !)) lsnf] ts ;f] gf cfof s/ tf x} hf] k"0f{ ¿k d] + ;] l6+u s] cg';f/ cftf x} . / fh: j cg';Gwfg ljefu cf} / ;DklQ z'l4s/ 0f ljefu s] Ps c4{Goflos lgsfo xf] g] k/ eL ;f] gf sL t: s/ L / f] sg] sf k|of; ljkmn xL lbvtf x} .

ko{j] Ifsf] + sf dfggf x} ls bf] ljzfn b] zf] + s] aLr l: yt g] kfn s] dfkm{t xf] / xL cGt/ f{i6«Lo t: s/ L / f] sg] s] lnP / fhgLlts g] t[Tj g] olb Wofg gxL] + lbof tf] cGt/ f{i6«Lo hut d] + g] kfnL sL 5lj w"ldn xf] ;sg] sf vt/ f a9Þ] uf P] ;f lbvtf x}

-;f} hGoM cfly{s_ .

ck/fw


/ fhgLlt s] lvnfl8Þof] + g] g] kfn sf] Ps v] ne"ld agf lbof x} . v] n s] d} bfg s] eL s'5 lgod xf] t] x} + . k/ / fhgLlt s] v] n sf ox d} bfg P] ;] ¿k d] + kl/ jlt{t xf] uof x} hxfF ;eL ckgL–ckgL dhL{ ;] v] n / x] x} + . pGx] + gf tf] v] n s] lgodf] + sL k/ jfx x} cf} / gf xL pg bz{sf] + sL hf] pGx] + b] vg] s] lnP a8Þ] zf} s ;] gh/ ] + la5fP xf] t] x} + . ox jx w/ tL x} hxfF hgtf a8ÞL pDdLb s] ;fy kl/ jt{g s] lno] cfGbf] ng d] + lx: ;f n] t] x} + . ckgL hfg sL k/ jfx g s/ t] x'P n8Þt] x} +, d/ t] x} +, O; pDdLb k/ ls sn sf ;a] / f g] kfn cf} / g] kfnjfl;of] + s] lnP Ps gO{ / f] zgL n] s/ cfPuf . k/ p; pDdLb sf] lav/ t] ;do gxL+ nutf . cfnd tf] ox xf] uof x} ls hgtf ca O; l: ylt d] + x} ls ls; k/ osLg s/ ] . ;eL sf] cfhdf s/ pGxf] +g] b] v lnof x} k/ gtLhf s] gfd k/ ceL eL pgs] xfy vfnL x} + . cflv/ ;ft ;fnf] + ;] jf] O+thf/ xL tf] s/ / x] x} + .

/ fhgLlt s] nf] u, rfx] lxdfn ;] xf] + of dw] z ;] , kxf8Þ ;] xf] + of t/ fO{ ;] , ckgL lglxt : jfy{ d] + xL nu] / xt] x} + . pGx] + k/ jfx xL gxL+ x} ls hgtf g] pg;] Sof ck] IffPF sL yL+ . jf] hgtf sf] Sof b] / x] x} + . pgsL ;'if'Kt cfsf+IffPF OtgL Hofbf x} + ls p;sf] k"/ L s/ g] d] + xL pgsf clwsf+z ;do rnf hftf x} . lsGt' o] cfsf+IffPF OtgL clws x} + ls nutf gxL+ ls jf] seL k"/ L xf] +uL cf} / Ogsf Wofg a] rf/ L hgtf sL cf] / hfPuf . P] ;f gxL+ nutf ls O;s] cnfjf pgsf sf] O{ j[xQ / fhgLlts nIo cf} / ;fdflhs Wo] o eL x} . ljsf;zLn b] zf] + d] + P] ;f xf] tf x} , lsGt' g] kfn d] + / fhgLlt s] tdfd cfofd JolQmut cfsf+Iffcf] + sf kf] if0f, ;'v–;'ljwfcf] ] + sL h'uf8Þ cf} / zlQm sf pGdfbk"0f{ b'ik|of] u ts xL ;Lldt / xf

x} . g] kfnL / fhgLlt d] + ljlw s] zf;g cf} / nf] stflGqs cfr/ 0f sL aft tf] ;eL s/ t] x} + . hf] O; t/ x sL aft] + s/ t] x+} , pgsf v'b sf cfr/ 0f Ps ;jfn ag s/ / x hftf x} . sygL cf} / s/ gL d] + hf] cGt/ g] kfnL / fhgLlt d] + lbvfO{ b] tf x} , jx cf} / sxL+ gxL+ lbvfO{ b] tf . g] kfnL / fhgLlts ;dfh d] + nf] stflGqs cEof; ceL–ceL z'? x'cf x} . O;] kl/ kSj xf] g] d] + s'5 ;do tf] nu] uf xL . k/ ;jfn ox x} ls ox ;do Otgf nDaf g xf] hfo ls hgtf sL w} o{ sL ;Ldf xL 6"6 hfo . ca tf] hgtf l;km{ kl/ 0ffd b] vgf rfxtL x} , cfZjf;g gxL+ .

ca nf] stflGqs u0ftGq g] kfn sL ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f s] k|oTgf] + sf] xL b] v] + . ljut ;ft ;fnf+] ;] g] tfu0f ox bfjf s/ t] cfo] x} + ls ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f sL ;"qf] + sL vf] h d] + xL nu] x'P x} + . cflv/ o] ;"q x} Sof hf] pGx] + ldn xL gxL+ / xf < ljifo sf] ;Daf] lwt s/ gf cf} / ;asf] ;+t'i6 s/ gf c;Dej xf] ;stf x} k/ ox gfd'dlsg

gxL+ x} . cfZro{ tf] ox x} ls b] z s] kf; c+tl/ d ;+ljwfg x} , lh;d] + s'5 d'b\bf] + sf] ;Daf] lwt s/ gf x} cf} / p;] zfldn s/ s] ;+ljwfg s] ;fy nuf x'cf cGtl/ d zAb x6f b] gf x} , ta ox sfd Otgf b'¿x xf] / xf x} . cu/ ;+ljwfg gfd sL sf] O{ rLh xL gxL+ xf] tL cf} / k"0f{¿k] 0f O;sf lgdf{0f s/ gf xf] tf ta o] g] tfu0f Sof s/ t] < cfh g] kfnL hg–dfg; cw/ d] + n6sf x'cf x} . / fhgLlt s] nf] u jx't uj{{ s] ;fy af/ –af/ O; aft sf] b'x/ ft] / xt] x} + ls jf] ;xdlt s] k|of; d] + nu] x'P x} + . dfcf] jflbof] + sL bzs nDjL lx+;fTds ;+3if{, ha / fhgLlts bnf] + s] ;fy ldns/ ;+o'Qm cfGbf] ng d] + kl/ 0ft x'cf tf] cfGbf] ng sf ;kmn kl/ 0ffd cfof . dw] z cfGbf] ng g] p; ;kmn cfGbf] ng sf] k"0f{tf k|bfg lsof . b] z d] + p;s] jfb hf] r'gfj x'o] cf} / ;+ljwfg ;ef sf ;+u7g x'cf tf] gtLhf cf} / eL cR5f cfof . ztflAbof] + ;] hf] / fhtGq g] kflnof] + s] efUo d] + s'08nL df/ s/ j} 7f yf jx 9x uof . k/ Gt', / fhgLlts bn s] g] tfu0f O; pknlJw sf] ;+: yfut gxL+ s/ kfo] . kxnL ;+ljwfg ;ef ;] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f d] + jx r"s uo] cf} / b] vt] –b] vt] OgsL / fhgLlts ;fv z"Go d] + lu/ L . Ogs] hLjg e/ sf ;f/ f ;+3if{ ;Qf sL ;+s/ L ulnof] + d] + sxL+ vf] uO{ cf} / cfh tf] ox laNs'n lgikGb xL xf] uoL x} . / fhgLlt s] lh; pRr lzv/ k/ OGx] + b] vf hf / xf yf cfh jxfF ;] ax't gLr] o] cf r's] x} + . cfh gf tf] Ogk/ ljZjf; s/ g] sf sf] O{ sf/ 0f lbv / xf x} cf} / gf xL ;fy rng] sf cfwf/ lkm/ eL hgtf a] rf/ L Sof s/ ] sf] O{ tf] d+r rflxP lh;s] dfWod ;] pgsL OR5fPF ;/ sf/ s] ;fdg] cfP cf} / zfob oxL jhx x} ls nf] uf] + sL eL8Þ Ogs] ;fy x} cf] / o] Ps af/ lkm/ eL8Þ h'6fg] d] + ;kmn xf] / x] x} + .

;+ljwfg ;ef s] lno] b";/ f r'gfj g] tfcf] + s] lno] Ps r'gf} tL yL tf] hgtf s] lno] Ps si6s/ lj8Djgf . k/ O;;] OGx] + Sof, gf tf] cfly{s ef/ sL OGx] + lrGtf x} cf} / gf xL hgtf s] dfgl;s tgfj sL . cu/ g] tfu0f sf] Og ;asL k/ jfx xf] tL tf] cfh jf] uDeL/ tf cf} / tTk/ tf s] ;fy lgdf{0f sfo{ d] + nu] xf] t] .

nf] st+q ;] eL8ÞtGq d] + kl/ jlt{t xf] tf g] kfn

lszf]/ g]kfn

ljrf/

/ fhgLlt s] nf] u, rfx]

lxdfn ;] xf] + of dw] z

;] , kxf8 Þ ;] xf] + of

t/ fO{ ;] , ckgL lglxt

: jfy{ d] + xL nu] / xt]

x} + . pGx] + k/ jfx xL gxL+

x} ls hgtf g] pg;]

Sof ck] IffPF sL yL+ .

jf] hgtf sf] Sof b]

/ x] x} + .

‘


lsGt' cfh P] ;f s'5 gh/ gxL+ cf / xf, ;f/ L aft] hfgt] cf} / ;demt] x'P eL g] tfu0f ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f d] + ckg] cfksf] s] lGb|t gxL+ s/ kf / x] x+} . ;xdlt s] gfd k/ hf] 8«fdfafhL ceL rn / xL x} O;;] ox : ki6 xf] r'sf x} ls bn s] g] tf ;+ljwfg sf] nf] stGq s] cfwf/ : tDe s] ¿k d] + gxL+, ckg] –ckg] bn s] ljwfg s] cg's"n lnvgf rfxt] x} + . ;+3Lo ;+/ rgf, zf;sLo : j¿k cf} / kxrfg s] k|Zg k/ ceL ;/ sf/ cf} / k|ltkIf s] cf] / ;] hf] ljjfb lgsfnf hf / xf x} jx lg/ y{s x} . ;QfkIf sf] ;dem n] gf rflxo] ls ls;L eL b] z sf ;+ljwfg, b] zjfl;of] + s] cfk;L ;xdlt sf Ps b: tfj] h xf] tf x} . Ps P] ;f hLjGt b: tfj] h, hf] ultzLn xf] cf} / cfufdL ;dfh sL cfjZostfcf] + sf] ;+jf] lwt s/ g] d] + eL sf/ u/ ;fljt xf] ;s] . hxfF b] z s] ;eL If] q sf] ;Daf] lwt lsof uof xf] . ;asL dfgl;stf sf Vofn lsof uof xf] . sf] O{ If] q pk] Iff sf lzsf/ gf xf] . cfh af/ af/ k|lqmof zAb ;fdg] cf / xf x} , lsGt' ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f d] + k|lqmof h} ;L sf] O{ aft gxL+ xf] tL x} . ox ;QfkIf sf] ;demgf xf] uf . k|ltkIf sf] eL rflxo] ls jx ckg] Jojxf/ sf] Hofbf ;] Hofbf ljZj;gLo cf} / lhDd] jf/ jgfo] + . tyf ;xof] u sL / fhgLlt s/ ] .

;[li6 sf lgod x} ls pu|tf ljWj+z nftL x} cf} / ;+od lgdf{0f sf cfwf/ agtL x} . O;lnP cfufdL kl/ 0ffd sf] ;f] rs/ xL sf] O{ lg0f{o n] gf rflxP .

nf] stflGqs u0ftGq j[xQ/ g] kfnL ;dfh s] lno] g"tg cEof; x} . O; cEof; sf] teL cfu] a9Þfof hf ;stf x} , hj g] kfnL g] tfu0f ;xdlt s] ;dfg laGb'cf] ] + sf] vf] h] + . lh; bIftf cf} / sf} zn s] ;fy g] kfn s] / fhgLlts g] tfcf] + g] cfGbf] ng s] ;do b] z sL gAh sf kxrfg lsof

yf cf} / Pstf s] ;fy cfu] a9Þ] y] cfh eL p;L aft sL cfjZostf x} . lsGt' cfh o] / fhgLlt sL d"nwf/ t} of/ s/ g] d] + ptg] xL gfsfljn ;fljt xf] / x] x} + . / fhgLlt d] + pT;u{ ;do sf Ps kIf xf] tf x} cf} / Joj: yfkg b";/ f kIf . nf] stflGqs / fhgLlts Joj: yfkg d] + ljkmntf sf cy{ xf] tf x} nf] stGq d] + ljrng . ceL hf] s'5 xf] / xf x} p;] b] vs/ nutf x} ls g] tfu0f nf] stGq sL ljrng cf} / eL8ÞtGq s] lgdf{0f sL cf] / nu] x'P x} + .

ljrf/

Jofj;flos s[lif tyf Jofkf/ cfof]hgf (PACT)

;Nnf3f/L, dxf/fhu+h, sf7df8f}+

gjjif{ @)&@ sf] ;'vb cj;/df b]zljb]zdf /xg'ePsf

;Dk"0f{ g]kfnLx?df ;'v, zflGt, ;d[l4, ;': jf:Yo, bL3f{o' Pj+

;kmntfsf] xflb{s d+undo z'esfdgf JoQm ub{5f}+ .


b] z sL bzf cf} / lbzf ls;L gf ls;L ¿k d] + x/ hfu?s gful/ s sf] lrGtgzLn agftL x} . cfh b] z lh; bf} / ;] u'h/ / xf x} p;] l;km{ ;+qmd0fsfn gxL+ sxf hf ;stf . b/ c;n b] z ;'nu / xf x} . c;Gtf] if sL cfu sa hf] / ks8 Þ n] uL ox sxf gxL+ hf ;stf . nf] st+q sf] n] s/ lhtgL pDdLb] + cfd hgtf d] + yL jf] ;a ;do s] ;fy wf/ f;foL xf] / xL x} + . xd ;eL hfgt] x} + cf} / ljZj sf Oltxf; ujfx x} ls jr{: j sL gLlt xL c;Gtf] if sf] hGd b] tf x} cf} / jxL ls;L eL b] z sf] ljv08g s] df] 8 Þ k/ nf v8 Þf s/ b] tf x} . ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f sf hf] xf} Jjf v8 Þf lsof uof x} , p;sf sf] O{ ;xL ¿k ;fdg] gxL+ cf / xf . b] z sf Ps cxd lx: ;f hf] seL cToGt ;d[4 x'cf s/ tf yf, cfh cfFs8 Þf atf / xf x} ls jx x/ If] q d] + lbg a lbg lk58 Þ / xf x} . cflv/ O;s] kL5] sf} g ;L jhx] + x} + < Sof ;/ sf/ v'b sf] O; d'b\b] ;] a/ L s/ ;stL x} < cflv/ ;Qf kIf sL lhDd] bf/ L Sof x} < p;] ;Gt'i6 lsof hfo, ;dfgtf sf clwsf/ lbof hfo of lkm/ axnfj] sf lvnf} gf b] s/ s'5 jSt s] lnP 6fn lbof hfo < P] ;] xL ;jfnf] + s] ;fy lxDfflngL g] a'l4hLjL ju{ ;] h'8 Þg] sL sf] lzz z'? sL x} , ;do ;Gbe{ ljrf/ >[+vnf s] ¿k d] + . s'5 d'Vo If] q ;] h'8 Þ] JolStTj s] ;fdg] O; k|Zg sf] / vf uof cf} / k|ltlqmof tyf ljrf/ f] + s] kmn: j¿k hf] aft] + pe/ s/ cfO{+ p;sf ;Dkflbt c+z cfks] ;dIf x} .

xd ;eL hfgt] x} + ls ef/ t d] + af/ x ;"qLo ;demf} tf x'cf lh;s] kmn: j¿k dfcf] jfbL d"nwf/ d] + cfP cf} / oxfF nf] st+q : yflkt x'cf . dfcf] jfbL eL ca tf] nf] st+q sxg] nu] hals jf] O;s] lj/ f] wL y] . O; ;Gbe{ d] + d} + b'ioGt s'df/ sL Ps k+lSt sxgf rfx'Fuf, cfk bLjf/ lu/ fg] cfP y] cfk bLjf/ p7ft] rn] uP . hxfF ts ;+ljwfg ;ef sL aft x} tf] ;+ljwfg ;ef tf] oxfF x} cf} / asfobf rn / xf x} . k/ Gt' ox dfcf] jfbL of cf} / lsGxL+ sf] uFjf/ f gxL+ x'cf . lh;sL jhx ;] ox ;+ljwfg ;ef sf Ph] G8f cfof . k/ lh;g] O;] nfof jx eL gxL+ hfgt] ls pGx] + sf} g ;L Joj: yf rflxP . oxfF hf] ;+;bLo Joj: yf x} p;] pg nf] uf] + g] Wj: t

s/ g] sL sf] lzz sL . d} + cu/ : ki6 tf} / k/ sx"F tf] d} + ox sx"Fuf ls ;+ljwfg gxL+ agg] jfnf x} . hals ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f sf sfo{ (( k|ltzt ts xf] r'sf x} , k/ Gt' hf] Ps k|ltzt arf x} jxL O;] gxL+ agg] b] uf . ox d] / f ljZjf; x} . oxfF k|lqmof sf] dfgg] d] + Ogsf/ x} Ps kIf sf dfggf x} ls ;xdlt ;] ;+ljwfg ag] . k/ Gt' hgtf g] hf] ax'dt lbof p;;] tf] ;Qf kIf sf] ox clwsf/ k|fKt x} cf} / p;] ;+ljwfg agf n] gf rflxP . k/ g jf] ;+ljwfg agf / x] x} + cf} / gf ljkIf agfg] b] / xf x} . zfob pGx] + nutf x} ls ceL ;+ljwfg agg] sf ;do gxL+ cfof x} . tf] cfGbf] ng tf] ab: t"/ hf/ L x} cf} / xfnft ox x} ls ox xf] tf / x] uf .

dfyj/ l;+x a: g] tjl/i7 kqsf/

bLjf/ lu/ fg] cfP y] cfk bLjf/ p7ft] rn] uP

8f= Zj]tf bLlKt

hLljt /fi6« sL kxrfg x} cfGbf]ng


cfj/0f

lgod agg] ;] gxL+ xf] uf gLot ;xL xf] gL rflxP

cd/ df] Stfg/fhgLlts ljZn]ifs

g] kfn xd] zf ;] wd{, k/ Dk/ f cf} / hflt s] gfd k/ / fhgLlt s/ tf cfof x} pRr hflt xd] zf ;] ;fdg] / xL x} . d} + Ps dxfef/ t sf k|;+u sxgf rfx"Fuf . dxfef/ t d] + Ps kfq x} aa{/ Ls . s[i0f hfgt] y] ls cu/ aa{/ Ls sf} / jf] + sL t/ km ;] n8Þf tf] kf08j s] lnP d'lZsn xf] hfPuL . O;lnP pGxf] +g] / f: t] d] + xL p;sf ;/ sf6 lbof . ta a{a/ Ls g] sxf ls d} + eL sf} / jf] sL t/ km ;] gxL+ n8Þgf rfxtf yf O;lnP cfks] ;fdg] cfof cf} / cfks] xL xfyf] + d} + d/ s/ d'lSt kfgf rfxtf x"F, k/ d] / L Ps clenfiff x} ls cfk d'em] j/ bfg b] + ls d} + dxfef/ t sf ox o'4 cfBf] kfGt b] v ;s'F . ha o'4 ;dfKt x'cf tf] kf08j ujf] {Ggt xf] s/ nf} 6 / x] y] . pGxf] +g] cfsfz d] + Ps ;/ s6L nfz sf] em"nt] b] vf . ta s[i0f g] pGx] + sxf ls O;] k|0ffd s/ f] ox dxfg of] 4f aa{/ Ls x} cf} / O;g] cfBf] kfGt dxfef/ t sf o'4 b] vf x} . tf] kf08j p;;] k"5g] nu] ls d] / ] c: q z: q s] sdfn sf] t'dg] b] vf < O; k/ jx c6\xf; s/ p7f . O; k/ kf08j g] k"5f ls t'd Sof] + xF; / x] xf] < ta jx af] nf ls d} +g] s'5 gxL+ b] vf l;jfo ;'bz{g rqm s] . tfTko{ ox ls cfh eL s'5 ju{ P] ;] x} + hf] ujf] {Ggt x} + . pGx] + nutf x} ls ox b] z l;km{ pgsf x} cf} / jxL p;] rnf

;st] x} + . oxfF sO{ P] ;] JolStTj x} + hf] dxfg x} = lsGt' pgsf gfd ax't sd nf] u hfgt] x} + Sof] +ls jf] blnt x} + . d} + ax't af/ ox k"5tf x"F ls sa cfksL dfgl;stf abn] uL < d} + ox eL ;jfn s/ tf x"F ls cflv/ ;+ljwfg ;ef sf lj/ f] w Sof] + < hals ;+ljwfg ;ef sL dfFu tf] ;+j} wflgs df+u x} < tf] b/ c;n o] O; aft ;] 8/ / x] x} + ls cu/ ;+ljwfg ;ef sL aft dfg n] +u] tf] ;eL ;dfg xf] hfPFu] cf} / ta OgsL pRrtf cf} / jr{: jtf vt/ ] d] + k8Þ hfPuL . O;lnP Ogsf lj/ f] w hf/ L x} . hals cu/ ox b] z Ps z/ L/ x} tf] O;s] ;eL c+uf] + sL dxQf ;dfg x} . k/ oxfF Sof xf] / xf x} ls cu/ Ps c+u yf] 8Þf ;Ifd x} tf] jxL ckg] cfksf] b] z ;dem a} 7f x} . cf/ If0f sL aft s/ t] x} + k/ jx eL P] ;f lh;d] + pGxL+ sf enf xf] . lgod agfP hft] x} + k/ gLot d] + vnn x} . O;lnP lgod gxL+ gLot ;xL xf] gL rflxP . cfh ;+3Lotf s] ;jfn k/ hf] eL dte] b lbv / x] x} + jf] a] jhx x} . xdf/ ] k8Þf] ;L b] z ef/ t ;] xd ax't s'5 n] t] x} + . k/ Gt' hf] Ogs] : jfy{ s] cg's"n x} p;] n] t] x} + . kxrfg sf] Otgf a8Þf ljifo agf uof x} , gfds/ 0f k/ ljjfb x} . hals efiff, ;+: s[lt, ef} uf] lns ;+/ rgf cf} / Oltxf; sf] cfwf/ agf lnof hfo tf] ox sf] O{ ;d: of xL gxL+ / x] uL . ox d+yg sf bf} / x} cf} / d} + pDdLb s/ tf x"F ls O; d+yg ;] sf] O{ gf sf] O{ cd[t h?/ lgsn] uf . cf} / cu/ P] ;f gxL+ x'cf tf] cfGbf] ng kxn] eL x'cf x} cf} / cfu] eL xf] uf .

>L s[i0f x5] y"k|fWofks

hxfF ax'ntf x} , jxfF cGtb{\jG4 : jfefljs x} g] kfn ax'eflifs, ax'hftLo cf} /

ax';f+: s[lts b] z x} . ;eL dxTjk"0f{ x} + cf} / ;eL sf] b] z d] + ;dfg : yfg k|fKt xf] gf rflxP . yf] 8Þf cu/ Oltxf; sL cf] / hfPF tf] xd b] vt] x} + ls $& s] ;+ljwfg ;ef d] + hf] : yflkt s/ g] sL sf] lzz sL uO{ ls ;eL O; b] z d] + ;dfg x} + . Ps efiff cf} / Ps j] z, oxL ;xL gxL+ yf . ;eL ;dfg xf] xL gxL+ ;st] Sof] +ls ;eL sL ckgL kxrfg x} , ckgL k/ Dk/ f x} , efiff x} cf} / ;+: s[lt x} . hxfF ax'ntf x} jxfF cGtb{\jG4 x} k/ O;]

;Daf] wg s/ gf / fHo sf st{Jo x} . Sof] +ls k|hft+q d] + k|hf sL efjgfcf] + s] cg'¿k / fi6« sf lgdf{0f cf} / ;+rfng xf] gf rflxP . cf} / O;s] lnP b] z s] Oltxf;, oxfF sL ef} uf] lns ;+/ rgf, ;+: s[lt ;eL sL ;xL JofVof xf] gL rflxP . Og tTjf] + sf] ;du| d] + ;d] 6g] sL cfjZostf x} . k|hft+q, nf] st+q o] ;eL af/ af/ JofVoflot lsP hf / x] x} + k/ OgsL dof{bf sf vofn gxL+ lsof hf / xf x} cf} / gf xL O;] ;xL t/ x ;] ;d] 6f hf / xf x} . / fHo sL k'g;{+/ rgf tats ;Dej gxL+ x} hats cfk : yfg ljz] if sL dxQf cf} / cfjZostf sf ;xL ljzn] if0f cf} / cWoog gxL+ s/ ] +u] . ceL pbf/ jfbL nf] st+q sL cfjZostf x} . hxfF ts kxrfg sf] ;Daf] lwt s/ g] sf ;jfn x} tf] jx eL ;+Vof cf} / ax'ntf sf] Wofg d] + / vs/ s/ gf xf] uf . cfh hftLo, efiff, ;+: s[lt sf ;jfn dfcf] jfbL cf} / dw] zjfbL bnf] + s] åf/ f xL ;fdg] cfof x} . k/ lh;

: j¿k d] + ox cfof cfh p;L sL s'JofVof xf] / xL x} . dw] z g] dw] zjfbL bnf] + sf] x/ fof Sof] +ls jf] pgsL ck] Iffcf] + k/ v/ ] gxL+ pt/ ] . O;sf ox cy{ tf] gxL+ x} ls dw] z g] ckg] d'b\bf] + sf] x/ fof x} . jx tf] Hof] + sf Tof] + x} . p;L sf] k"/ f s/ g] s] lnP dw] z g] sfFu|] ; cf} / Pdfn] sf] afu8f] / ;f} kL k/ Gt' cfh p;] xL ;QfkIf gsf/ / x] x} + . cfh ;dfj] zLs/ 0f, ;+3Lotf, ljsf; Og ;eL aftf] + sf] ;QfkIf e"n / x] x} + cf} / oxL jhx x} ls dw] z cfGbf] lnt xf] / xf x} cf} / O; xfnft d] + cfGbf] ng sf cf} lrTo tf] x} xL .


;dfwfg ;+;b ejg ;] xL lgsn] uf;+ljwfg cflv/ Sof x} < cfd cfbdL

sL lgufx d] + ;jf] {Rr sfg"g sf d"n x} ;+ljwfg cf} / ox / fHo sf] ;+rflnt s/ tf x} . ca k|Zg x} ls cflv/ / fHo Sof x} < d} + dfgtf x"F ls / fHo s] rf/ tTj x} + oyf ;/ sf/ L aGb"s, ;/ sf/ L snd, ;/ sf/ L k} ;f cf} / O;] rnfg] jfn] ;/ sf/ L sd{rf/ L . ;/ sf/ L aGb"s oflg g] kfnL ;] gf, g] kfnL k|x/ L cf} / g] kfn ;z: q k|x/ L, / fHo sf snd oflg k|zf;g cf} / Gofofno cf} / / fHo sf k} ;f cyf{t\ of] hgf ljefu cf} / cy{d+qfno cf} / Og lgsfof] + sf] hf] ;+rflnt s/ t] x} + of oxfF hf] JolSt lgo'St xf] t] x} + jf] ;/ sf/ L sd{rf/ L . ox / fHo sL ;+/ rgf x} . O; b] z sL ;+/ rgf cf} / k'g;{+/ rgf d] + xdf/ L dt leGgtf x} . cfk sxt] x} + ls nf] s;] jf km] o/ x} , tf] Sof jhx x} ls p;s] åf/ f lgo'St lsP uP lgsfo d] + dw] z !) k|ltzt eL gxL+ x} < cu/ ^) xhf/ lghfdtL sd{rf/ L x} + tf] p;d] + @) k|ltzt eL dw] zL sd{rf/ L gxL+ x} < Ps nfv cu/ ;] gf x} tf] p;d] + b; xhf/ eL dw] zL gxL+ x} + < xdf/ L dt leGgtf oxL+ x} . ox x} O; b] z sL ;+/ rgf hxfF b] z sf Ps kIf sxL+ gxL+ x} . cfh lh; lgod s] txt b] z rn / xf x} xd p;d] + abnfj rfxt] x} + . xf] ;stf x} ls ox lgod ;xL xf] lsGt' ox xdf/ ] cg's"n gxL+ x} , O;lnP xd] + d+h"/ gxL+ x} .

d} + Ps pbfx/ 0f b] gf rfxtf x"F dw] z s] ;Gbe{ d] + . Ps ;do yf ha dw] z sf Ps lhnf ;Kt/ L x/ dfog] d] + cf} / ljz] ifs/ lzIff s] dfog] d] + ;a;] clws ;d[4 yf . lsGt' cfh sf tYof+s o] x} ls b] z s] b; sd ;fIf/ jfn] hf] lhnf x} +, lhgd] + ;] 5M hf] dw] z d] + x} p;d] + ;] Ps ;Kt/ L eL x} . ox s} ;L lj8Dagf x} < sn ts hf] lzIff s] gfd k/ hfgf hftf yf cfh jf] sd ;fIf/ jfn] lhnf s] ¿k d] + hfgf hf / xf x} . ox sf] O{ h] g] l6s ;d: of gxL+ x} ox ;/ sf/ L gLlt sf pbfx/ 0f x} . oxL+ xdf/ L dtleGgtf x} . sf7dfG8" sxtf x} ls Ps efiff, Ps j] z ;eL g] kfnL ;eL ;dfg lsGt', hL gxL+ xd cnu x} +, xdf/ L kxrfg cnu x} . xdf/ f zf] if0f lsof uof x} , xdf/ ] Oltxf; sf bdg lsof uof x} . O;] jf] dfgt] gxL+ x} +, O;lnP xdf/ L dtleGgtf x} .

hxfF ts ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f sL aft x} tf] Ogd] + kfFr d'b\bf] + k/ lje] b ;fdg] cf / xf x} . ;+3Lotf d] + ;Ldf+sg sf d'b\bf, lgjf{rg k|0ffnL, zf;sLo : j¿k, Gofo k|0ffnL cf} / gful/ stf sf ;jfn . cfh ts hf] lgjf{rg k|0ffnL sf u7g xf] tf cfof of lkm/ p;s] åf/ f hf] ;+rflnt xf] tf cfof x} jx kIfkftk"0f{ x} . aft lkm/ jxL cftL x} ls p;d] + xd sxL+ gxL+ x} + . zf;g k|zf;g agftf x} cf} / ckg] cg's"n sfd s/ tf x} .

xd zf;g d] + xL gxL+ x} + tf] k|zf;g xdf/ ] cg's"n s} ;] xf] uf < O;lnP lgjf{rg k|0ffnL d] + ;'wf/ sL df+u x} . ;a ;+Vof sf v] n x} . zf;sLo : j¿k d] + kl/ jt{g sL ck] Iff x} . dw] z ;] kxf8ÞL hLttf x} , k/ cfh ts kxf8Þ ;] sf] O{ dw] zL gxL+ hLt kfof x} . xdf/ ] aLr dgf] j} 1flgs cGt/ x} O;sf] ;/ sf/ sf] ;demgf xf] uf . ;+3Lotf s] ljifo d] + eL hf] ljjfb lbv / xf x} jx eL ljjflbt x} . ;fdg] hf] lbv / xf x} p;;] ox : ki6 ¿k ;] ;fdg] cf / xf x} ls dw] z sf] sdhf] / s/ gf . dw] z sf] kxf8Þ ;] hf] 8Þg] sf tfTko{ Sof < ;QfkIf O;d] + eL ckg] : jfy{ sf] xL ;fdg] / v / xf x} . cf} / ca zf] if0f sL gLlt dfgg] sL cj: yf gxL+ x} . hxfF ts cfGbf] ng sf ;jfn x} , tf] cfh cfGbf] ng sf] n] s/ sf] O{ pT;fx gxL+ x} . cfGbf] ng g] t[Tj, ;+u7g cf} / Ph] G8f ;] xf] tf x} k/ Gt' dw] z ;+ul7t gxL+ xf] kfof . g] t[Tj c;kmn xf] tf x} tf] cfGbf] ng eL sdhf] / xf] hftf x} . Ps xL g] tf sO{ af/ cfGbf] ng s/ / x] x} + cf} / Ph] G8f jxL k'/ fgf x} P] ;] d] + cfh sf] O{ pT;fx gh/ gxL+ cf / xf x} . Sof] +ls qmf+lt efjgf s] ;xof] u ;] xf] tL x} , / fhgLlt r'gfj ;] xf] tf x} cf} / O;sf lgwf{/ 0f ;+Vof s/ tL x} . ls;L eL qmf+lt s] lnP hf] qmf] w sL cfjZostf x} jf] cfh sd xf] uoL x} . O;lnP cfh ;d: of sf ;dfwfg ;+ljwfg ;ef ;] xL xf] g] jfnf x} cf} / O;] ;eL sf] ;demgf xf] uf .

cfj/0f

t'nfgf/fo0f ;fxdfgj clwsf/jfbL

cfGbf]ng d]+ ;xefuL dlxnf . t:jL/ M P;Pd hxf+u:t


gO{ kL9ÞL sf] cj;/ b] gf xf] uf

aft rn / xL x} ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f sL . O;L ;Gbe{ d] + d} + ;a;] kxn] ox atf b"F ls d'em] dw] z Sof x} ox ;demg] d] + #) jif{ nu] . d} + cS;/ ckg] ;] a8Þ] cf} / xdf/ ] u'?ju{ ;] ox ;jfn s/ tf x"F ls cflv/ cfkg] ca ts b] z sL ;xL JofVof Sof] + gxL+ sL < x/ t/ km ;] hf] c;+tf] if sL cfjfh cf / xL x} , cnu / fHo of cfGbf] ng sL cfjfh cf / xL x} p;] cfkg] Sof] + gxL+ ;demf < Sof] + ckg] xL b] z sf] ;demg] s] lnP Ps kL9ÞL sf] tL; of k} +tL; jif{ nu / x] x} + < Sof] + cfh x/ ;d'bfo Ps ljz] if kIf s] lj?4 v8Þf xf] / xf x} < ha d} +g] cfly{s Oltxf; sf] v+ufng] sL sf] lzz sL tf] d} +g] b] vf ls b] z sf] ;a;] clws cfo dw] z ;] xf] tf x} cf} / jxfF ;] x'P cfly{s ;|f] t ;] xL b/ af/ sf vr{ rntf yf, aVt/ a+b v/ Lb] hft] y] , u|Ls d"lt{ofF v/ LbL hftL yL . cyf{t cfdbgL dw] z sf cf} / vr{ b/ af/ d] + . ;demg] jfnL aft ox x} ls hxfF ;] ;|f] t cfof cu/ p;sL cfdbgL sf s'5 lx: ;f eL p;L hux k/ nufO{ hfo

tf] ljsf; s] dfu{ v'nt] x} +, pT;fx sL l: ylt agtL x} cf} / pTkfbg eL a9Þtf x} lsGt' jiff] {+ s] cfly{s Oltxf; sf] cu/ cfk b] v] + tf] b] z sL l: ylt O;;] laNs'n leGg x} .

cfGbf] ng sL aft s/ ] + tf] Oltxf; ujfx x} ls ;a;] clws ;xeflutf dw] z sL / xL lsGt' p;s] afb hf] kl/ b[Zo abnf p;d] + dw] zL gxL+ alNs hdL+Gfbf/ f] + sL ;+tfg sf] : yfg ldnf . d] / ] k"j{h g'jfsf] 6 ;] cft] x} + . cfh eL jxfF k[YjL/ fh s] hdfg] s] df] x/ of kq k|fKt xf] t] x} + . d'em] ha eL ckg] a'h'uf] {+ ;] ldng] sf cj;/ ldntf x} tf] d} + pg;] k"5tf x"F ls cfks] ;+: sf/ Sof] + P] ;] x} + ls cfk cf} / cfks] k8Þf] ;L Ps ;fy a} 7 gxL+ ;st] x} + < bf] v] tf] + s] aLrf] aLr p;] afF6g] s] lnP cf8Þ sL Joj: yf xf] tL x} . p;] bf] gf] + t/ km s] nf] u ckg] ckg] t/ km ;] sf6t] x} + cf} / Ps lbg P] ;f cftf x} ls n8ÞfO{ 7g hftL x} . k/ Gt' O;s] kxn] pgs] aLr O; ljifo k/ aft] + gxL+ xf] tL . cu/ xf] tL tf] n8ÞfO{ gxL+ xf] tL . Sof] + Oltxf; b/ af/ ts xL l;d6 s/ / x uof < Sof] + xdf/ L lzIff d] + ;xL hfgsf/ L gxL+ bL hftL < Sof] + / fi6«Lotf sL ;xL JofVof gxL+ atfO{ hftL . gO{ kL9ÞL c;d+h; d] + x} . g] kfn d] + af} l4s cfGbf] ng Otgf sdhf] / Sof] + x} < ckg] xL b] z sf] ;demg] d] + Sof] + Otgf ;do nu / xf x} < ;+;f/ d] + sxL+ P] ;f gxL+ x} ls ckg] xL b] z sL ;+/ rgf sf] ;demgf Otgf d'lZsn xf] uf . ox b] z ax'hftLo, ax'eflifs cf} / ax';+: s[lt sf] ckg] cGb/ ;d] 6] x'P x} tf] Sof] + gxL+ O;] plrt : yfg k|fKt x} < k|Zg ax't x} + cf} / d} + ckg] a'h'uf] {+ ;] ox k"5tf x"F ls cfkg] gO{ kL9ÞL sf] Sof lbof x} < dlxnfcf] + sf] cf/ If0f b] g] sL aft x} tf] jxfF eL pRr

ju{ sL dlxnf sL xL ;d: of sf] b] vf hf / xf x} jxfF lgrn] tx sL dlxnfPF gxL+ x} . sxg] sf tfTko{ ox x} ls xd P] ;] xL kL5] xf] t] hf / x] x} + . cfh ts sf] O{ sfdg ax; Sof] + gxL+ x'O{ x} Og ;d: ofcf] + sf] n] s/ ox eL tf] Ps ;d: of xL x} . ;a;] a8ÞL aft hf] x} jx ox x} ls (% k|ltzt hgtf sf] cfk dfgt] x} + ls jx s'5 gxL+ hfgtL cf} / % k|ltzt hf] x} + jf] ckg] cfksf] ;j{1 ;demt] x} + cf} / b] z rnf / x] x} + . P] ;] d] + ox b] z s} ;] rn] uf < pklgj] zjfbL gLlt oxL x} . O;lnP b] z sf] ;xL t/ Ls] ;] rnfg] s] lnP ;+3Lotf, kxrfg cf} / : jzfl;t If] q agfgf cfjZos x} teL tf] ox ;flat xf] uf ls lh;] cfk clzlIft, cljsl;t sx / x] x} + jx eL sflan x} + . sfdg gful/ s sf] eL hfgsf/ L x} O; aft sf] ;demg] sL cfjZostf x} . cfk ha cj;/ gxL+ b] +u] tf] JolSt v'b sf] ;flat s} ;] s/ ] uf . O;lnP ;+/ rgf d] + abnfj sL cfjZostf x} . ;Qf d] + sf] O{ eL cfP jf] Ogs] xL aLr s] xf] +u] cf} / lkm/ aft jxL+ sL jxL+ / x hfPuL . d] / f dfggf ox x} ls kL9ÞL d] + abnfj sL h?/ t x} . Ps gO{ ;f] r cf} / phf{ sL cfjZostf x} . ;eL If] q d] + jxL k'/ fgL kL9ÞL x} hf] jiff] {+ ;] b] z sf] p;L k'/ fgL ;+/ rgf cf} / ;f] r s] ;fy rnf / xL x} . cfjZostf O;sf] abng] sL x} . cf} / cu/ ox gxL+ x'cf tf] cfGbf] ng tf] xf] gf xL x} . ox cfGbf] ng cfh en] xL 5f] 6f xf] sn a8Þf xf] uf . O;lnP cfh h?/ t O; aft sL x} ls ;do sf] kxrfgf hfo p;sL dfFu sf] ;demf hfo gxL+ tf] xdf/ ] afb sL kL9ÞL eL P] ;] xL lk58ÞtL rnL hfPuL . j+zjfb sf] vTd s/ gf xf] uf . gO{ kL9ÞL sf] cj;/ b] gf xf] uf .

cfj/0f

o'u kf7s;flxTosf/

cfGbf]ng sf b[Zo . M t:jL/ M P;Pd hxf+u:t


;l/ tf lul/ dlxnf g]t[

dw] z xs s] lnP dfcf]jfbL sf ;fy 5f] 8Þgf xf] ufd} + klZrdL ;flxTo sf ax't cWoog

s/ tL x"F . cf} / p;;] ax't clws k|efljt x"F . xdf/ L hLjg z} nL Sof cf} / s} ;L xf] ox ax't xb ts xd] + xdf/ ] wd{u|+y ;] k|fKt xf] tf x} . ;jfn x} ljsf; sf tf] cflv/ ljsf; Sof x} cf} / ox s} ;] ;Dej x} < xd hf] g} ;lu{s u'0f n] s/ k} bf xf] t] x} + ljsf; p;d] + xL xf] tf x} . oxfF cfh lhtgL eL aft] + p7 / xL x} + Og ;a k/ ;+ljwfg d] + rrf{ xf] tL / xL x} . k/ Gt' Ps sfdg u|fpG8 sL sdL x} . ;+ljwfg cfh ckg] d"n ljifo ;] xL e6s / xf x} . hgcfGbf] ng sL hf] efjgf yL, ;+3Lotf sL hf] df+u yL cfh p;] xL ljjflbt agf lbof uof x} . gful/ stf sf clwsf/ / fHo k'g;{+/ rgf sL aft : jzf;g sL aft o] ;a ;+ljwfg d] + lglxt xf] gf k8Þf . g] kfnL ;dfh zlSt s] åf/ f ;+rflnt xf] tf x} . p;L sf jr{: j x} . d} + dfgtL x"F ls xd ha ts b] z s] x/ If] q d] + zlSt s] ;fy gxL+ xf] +u] ta ts xd ljsl;t gxL+ xf] +u] . kxf8Þ cf} / dw] z s] cGt{åG4 sf] b"/ s/ g] sL cfjZostf x} p;] ;Daf] wg

s/ g] sL cfjZostf x} . dw] z sf hf] lx: ;f tTsfnLg g] kfn sf] lbof uof cf} / lh;s] sf/ 0f o'4 sL ;dflKt x'O{ cfh pGxL+ aftf] + sf] lkm/ ;] p7fof hf / xf x} cf} / Ps kIf P] ;f x} hf] : jt+qtf sL aft s/ / xf x} . k/ ox ;dfwfg gxL+ x} . hghftLo cfGbf] ng sL aft hf] x} jx d'em] nutf x} ls jx ;f+: s[lts x} ca ts / fhgLlts ¿k gxL+ n] kfof x} . lnDa'jfg cf} / dw] z cfGbf] ng g] kfn sf ;a;] k'/ fgf cfGbf] ng x} . cf} / cfhts ox ls;L lgisif{ k/ gxL+ kx'Fr kfof x} . ceL d} +g] afa'/ fd hL sf jStJo k9Þf ls dw] z d] + bf] cf} / kxf8Þ d] + cf7 k|b] z xf] gf rflxP . cu/ P] ;f x'cf tf] d} + dfgtL x"F ls ;+3Lotf sf Ph] G8f km] n x} . dw] z sf] cu/ sf] O{ : ki6 gLlt agfgL x} tf] dw] zjfbL bn sf] dfcf] jflbof] + sf ;fy 5f] 8Þgf xf] uf . teL dw] z sf] ;xL / fx ldn] uL . cfGbf] ng tf] xf] gf xL rflxP cf} / O;sL cfjZostf xd] zf agL / x] uL . d] / ] ljrf/ d] + cu/ dw] z g] t[Tj n] tf x} tf] b] z sL Pstf sf] Wofg d] + / vs/ xL gLlt lgwf{/ 0f s/ gf xf] uf .

cfh ts ox b] z n'6] / f] + s] åf/ f rntf cfof x} cf} / cfh eL rn / xf x} . cfh ;f/ L lgoGq0f Ogs] kf; x} . dw] z sL hf] xfnt x} jx k"/ L sL k"/ L Og zf] ifsf] sL jhx ;] x} . cfh dw] z d] + cf} Bf] lus If] q cf} / pBf] u sf hf] xfn xf] / xf x} jx Ps if8\o+q x} zf;s ju{ sf hf] dw] z sL cfly{s l: ylt sf] nuftf/ sdhf] / agf / xf x} . dw] z d] + kxfl8Þof] + sf] a;f s/ dw] z k/ lgoGq0f / vg] sL sf] lzz o] s/ t] / x] x} + cf} / O;d] + o] sfdofa eL xf] t] cfP x} + . dw] z sf] xd] zf

OGxf] +g] n"6f cf} / cfh eL kfFr lhnf s] gfd k/ o] oxL s/ / x] x} + . ls; t/ x dw] z k/ Ogsf lgo+q0f agf / x] OgsL ;f] r oxL+ ts ;Lldt x} dw] z sf enf of dw] z sf ljsf; Ogsf Ph] G8f gxL+ x} . cfk lstgf eL lgod agf n] + k/ O;sf sfof{Gjog ta ts ;xL t/ Ls] ;] gxL+ xf] ;stf hats cfk sL

ljho s0f{k"j{ /fhb"t

dw] z s] pBf] uf] + sf x«f; ;'lglZrt gLlt s] txt

gLot ;xL gxL+ xf] . / fHo sL ;f/ L zlSt Ogs] xfy d] + x} cf} / o] dgdfg] t/ Ls] ;] O;] rnf / xf x} .

d} + dw] z ;] eL ox sxgf rfx'Fuf ls jf] cfGbf] ng s/ t] x} + k/ p; k/ l6s] gxL+ / xt] . dw] zL g] tfcf] + sf Sof bf] if cflv/ jf] eL tf] sfFu|] ; cf} / Pdfn] ;] xL k} bf x'P x} + tf] pgd] + eL tf] jxL n"6kf6 cf} / afF6 s/ vfg] sL k|j[lQ xf] uL . lh; kl/ j] z ;] cfP x} + jxL pg k/ cfh eL xfjL x} .

cfGbf] ng tf] s/ gf xL xf] uf Sof] +ls Joj: yf s] lvnfkm n8Þg] sf O;;] a] xt/ cf} / sf] O{ / f: tf gxL+ x} . O;lnP ox cfh s] ;do sL cfjZostf eL x} cf} / df+u eL . cfh efiff sf ;jfn j] z e"iff sf ;jfn ;a xdf/ ] ;fy x} cf} / xd] + xdf/ L kxrfg s] ;fy ;+ljwfg rflxP . xd ;dfg gxL+ x} + O;lnP xd] + ca xdf/ L kxrfg rflxP . jr{: j sf hf] zf;g x} p;] vTd s/ gf x} . g] kfn sL hf] ;+/ rgf x} jx abngf x} , p;] gof agfgf x} cu/ P] ;f gxL+ x'cf tf] ;+ljwfg ag

s/ eL Sof xf] uf . Ogs] xfyf] + d] + xL zlSt xf] uL cf} / xd P] ;] xL u'nfdL sL cj: yf d] + hLg] sf] afWo xf] +u] . O;lnP ;+/ rgf d] + abnfj sL cfjZostf x} . cfGbf] ng tf] x/ ;dfh cf} / b] z sL cfjZostf x} O;;] Ps lgo+q0f zf;s ju{ k/ agf / xtf x} .

cfj/0f


bLk]Gb| emfsfg"g Joj;foL

gful/ stf gxL+ tf] / fi6«Lotf s} ;L <

b] z s] Gofok|0ffnL sf] cu/ b] vf hfo tf] O;d] + dw] z z"Go x} . #!^ GofofwLz d] + @%& GofofwLz a|fXd0f cf} / IfqLo x} + . O; c;dfgtf sf b] z k/ c;/ k8Þ] uf of gxL+ < cf} / ox c;dfgtf b] z s] x/ lgsfo d] + x} . oflg dw] z zlStljxLg x} . gful/ stf cf} / / fi6«Lotf Og bf] gf] + ;jfnf] + k/ dw] zL xd] zf z+sf sL lgufx ;] b] vf hftf / xf x} . Ps ;a;] a8ÞL aft ox x} ls xd] + ox ;f] rgf x} ls Gofofno sL ;+/ rgf s} ;] abnL hfo . ljZj d] + sf] O{ P] ;f b] z gxL+ xf] uf lh;d] + ls;L eL lgsfo d] + Ps xL ;d'bfo s] nf] uf] + sL (( k|ltzt ;xeflutf xf] . cfh cu/ ;+3Lotf ldn eL hfo k/ Gofoflos k|lqmof oxL x} tf] p; ;+3Lotf sf sf] O{ cy{ gxL+ x} . sf] O{ zlSt lkm/ dw] z sf] k|fKt gxL+ xf] uL . O;lnP cnu ;+j} wflgs cbfnt sL cfjZostf x} . ox hf] PsIf] q / fh x} O;] lgolGqt s/ g] s] lnP xd] + ox rflxP xL . tfls Ps gO{ gLlt lgod ag] hf] If] q ljz] if s] lxt s] lnP xf] . hxfF ts gful/ stf sf ;jfn x} tf] cfh eL ox ax't xL pnemgk"0f{ x} . / fhf dx] Gb| g] ox lgod agfof ls hf] g] kfnL d"n s] x} + jf] gful/ stf k|fKt s/ g] s] clwsf/ L x} + . lsGt' g] kfnL d"n sf] sxL+ JofVoflot gxL+ lsof uof . gful/ stf b] g] s] lnP b";/ L cfjZostf ox yL ls g] kfnL af] ngf cfgf rflxP cf} / lnvgf cfgf rflxP . hals p; ;do lzIff sL Sof cj: yf yL ox ;eL sf] 1ft x} cf} / oxL jhx x} ls cfh eL dw] z d] + xhf/ f] + sL ;+Vof d] + JolSt gful/ stf ljxLg x} + .

$& ;fn s] ;+ljwfg d] + eL O;L lgod sf] nfu" s/ lbof uof . cfh s] k|: tfj d] + eL p;L aft sf] b'x/ fof hf / xf x} ;d: of O; aft sL x} . cfh hf] gful/ stf b] g] sf lgod ag / xf x} jx gful/ stf sf clwsf/ b] g] ;] clws j+lrt s/ g] sf x} . dw] zL sf] s] Gb|Lt s/ s] xL cfh s] gful/ stf sf k|fjwfg x} . cfh j+zh s] cfwf/ k/ gful/ stf b] g] sf k|fjwfg lsof hf / xf x} oflg dftf cf} / lktf bf] gf] + sf] g] kfnL xf] gf k8Þf . ca atfOP ls dw] z d] + ^) k|ltzt zfbL ef/ tLo d"n ;] xf] tL x} tf] jf] tf] O; k|fjwfg d] + gxL+ cft] x} + tf] Sof p;sL ;+tfg g] kfnL gxL+ x} < gful/ stf x/ JolSt sf hGdl;4 clwsf/ x} ox cfh s] k|fjwfg ;] x6f lbof uof x} . c+uLs[t sf eL jxL xfn x} . oflg x/ t/ x ;] dw] z sf] O;;] j+lrt s/ g] sf if8\o+q x} . gful/ stf gxL+ b] +u] cf} / / fi6«Lotf sL ck] Iff s/ ] +u] < P] ;f s} ;] xf] ;stf x} < clwsf/ bLlhP tf] ck] Iff sLlhP .

;+ljwfg s] ;DaGw d] + tf] d} + : ki6 sx"F ls ljh] tf cf} / k/ flht s] aLr sf] O{ ;demf} tf of ;xdlt sL ;Defjgf xL gxL+ x} , ox xf] xL gxL+ ;stf x} . hf] hLt] x} + p;sL aft xf/ ] x'P sf] dfggL xL xf] uL . dfg lnof tf] ;xL gxL+ tf] afx/ sf / f: tf b] lvP . O;lnP hf] xf/ ] x} + pGx] + ;8Þs k/ cfgf xL xf] uf . ;demf} tf sf sf] O{ cf} lrTo gxL+ x} cfh cu/ cf} lrTo x} tf] l;km{ cfGbf] ng sf, cfh cfks] kf; ;+Vof gxL+ x} k/ , sn h?/ xf] uL ox dfg s/ rlnP .

Ps aft cf} / cfh kfFr lhnf] + sL hf] aft cf / xL x} . sfFu|] ; Pdfn] sf sxgf x} ls xd hgdt ;+u|x s/ ] +u] . cu/ cfh ox kl/ kf6L cfk z'? s/ t] x} + tf] ox tf] x/ ljifo k/ xf] gf rflxP . rfx] Ps dw] z k|b] z k/ xf] rfx] : jzf;g cf} / : jt+qtf k/ xf] . cfk cfh sdLzg sf] gxL+ dfg] +u] gO{ agfg] sL aft s/ ] +u] k/ ox xf] xL gxL+ ;stf Sof] +ls ox c;+j} wflgs x} . / fHok'g;{+/ rgf sL aft c+tl/ d ;+ljwfg d] + zfldn x} cf} / cfh cfk p;L ;] x6gf rfx / x] x} + tf] o] sxfF dfGo xf] uf . ox tf] dfgg] jfnL aft xL gxL+ x} . cfh ;+3Lotf s] gfd k/ hf] v] n ;Qf kIf v] n / xf x} p;;] o] dw] zL gxL+ kxfl8Þof] + s] xL k|lt lje] b s/ / x] x} + . olb emfkf, df] / +u, ;'g;/ L cfk pmk/ ;] hf] 8Þ] +u] tf] kxf8Þ cNk;+Vos xf] hfPFu] . ox ls;s] lnP lje] b x'cf < O;s] kL5] ;Qf sL oxL rfn x} ls ls; t/ x sf] zL, s0ff{nL, gf/ fo0fL sf] cf} / h+un sf] pmk/ n] hfpmF cf} / p;k/ clwsf/ kxf8ÞL sf xf] k/ ox tf] ;f] lrP ls hf] gLr] kxf8ÞL x} + cfk pgs] ;fy Sof s/ / x] x} + . O;lnP ;|f] t ;+;fwg sf ;xL pkof] u s/ g] sL aft ;f] lrP . : yfgLo lgjf{rg sf eL sf] O{ cf} lrTo gxL+ x} Sof] +ls ha gO{ / fHo ;+/ rgf gxL+ agL x} tf] : yfgLo lgjf{rg xf] xL gxL+ ;stf . O;sf sf] O{ cy{ xL gxL+ x} . ;Qf x/ hux rfn rn / xL x} cf} / ox rfn ca dw] z ;dem r'sf x} cf} / ;Qf sf] ca sf] O{ e|d gxL+ xf] gf rflxP ls ca pgsL dgdfgL rng] jfnL x} .

cfj/0f

gofF jif{ @)&@ s] ;'vb cj;/ k/ ;d:t b]zjf;L d]+ pQ/ f] Q/ k|ult sL sfdgf s] ;fy xL xflb{s d+undo z'esfdgf .

/fdk'sf/ ofbjcWoIf

uflj; ;lrj tyfx=lx=;= s]Gb|, w'giff


b] z sf ljv08g dw] z gxL+, kxf8ÞL ;f] r s/ b] uLkxf8Þ cf} / dw] z s] gfd k/ tf] d} + ox

dx;"; s/ tf x"F ls ;a;] Hofbf clws cu/ sf] O{ zf] lift x} tf] jx dw] zL xL x} . cfGbf] ng d] + cfu] a9Þs/ efu n] g] jfn] dw] zL xL cfh eL ;a;] Hofbf k|tfl8Þt x} + . s} ;L lj8Dagf x} ls dw] zL sf] cfk ef/ tLo dfgt] x} + cf} / dw] z sL w/ tL sf] ckgf dfgt] x} + . sf7dfG8" s] ;Qf sL hf] dfgl;stf x} jf] sfFu|] ; cf} / Pdfn] sL agfO{ x'O{ gxL+ x} ox / fhf dx] Gb| sL agfO{ x'O{ x} hf] cfh eL ckg] p;L : j¿k s] ;fy hLljt x} . / fhf dx] Gb| g] ;u/ dfyf sf] rLg s] xfyf] + a] r lbof . cfh jxfF s] 5fq ox k9t] x} + ls dfpG6 Pj/ ] i6 xdf/ f x} . sxg] sf cy{ ox x} ls Sof / fi6«Lotf oxL x} <

d} + tf] sxL+ eL dw] z of dw] lzof] + sf] / fi6« s] lj?4 v8Þf gxL+ b] vtf xF" . hf] b] z a] rt] x} + jf] / fi6«jfbL cf} / lh;sL d] xgt ;] b] z rntf x} jf] ljb|f] xL < Clts / f} zg sf08 d] + dw] lzof] + s] ;fy hf] x'cf jx sxfF ts Gofo ;+ut yf < cfh ;L=s] =/ fpt rrf{ d] + x} + . pGxf] +g] xdf/ ] klqsf s] lnP ;fIffTsf/ lbof yf ha pg;] k"5f uof ls cfk s} ;] O; cfGbf] ng d] + cfP tf] pGxf] +g] sxf ls Ps ;do P] ;f yf ha d] / ] dg d] + P] ;L sf] O{ efjgf gxL+ yL . d} + g] kfnL sljtf lnvtf yf g] kfnL d] + ;f] rtf yf cf} / g] kfnL xf] g] d] + uj{ dx;"; s/ tf yf . k/ ha ox 36gf x'O{ tf] d'em] nuf ls d} + O; w/ tL sf gxL+ x"F, of ox

b] z d] / f gxL+ x} . d} + JolStut tf} / ;] ox dx;"; s/ tf x"F ls cfh xf] of sn xf] cu/ b] z sL oxL dfgl;stf / xL tf] ox b] z h?/ aF6] uf . cf} / ox afF6g] jfnf sf] O{ dw] zL ;d'bfo gxL+ xf] uf alNs kxf8ÞL ;d'bfo xL xf] uf . dw] zL lj/ f] wL hf] dfgl;stf x} jxL O;] tf] 8Þg] sf sfd s/ ] uL cf} / sn oxL ;L=s] =/ fpt p;sf g] t[Tj s/ ] +u] . u0f] zdfg hL g] sxf yf ls hf] dw] z gxL+ ;dem] uf jf] b] z gxL+ rnf kfPuf . cfh sf hf] rl/ q x} ;QfkIf sf jx b] z sf] åG4 sL / fx k/ ws] n / xf x} . O;] ;demgf xf] uf . gxL+ tf] b] z sf] ljv08g ;] sf] O{ gxL+ / f] s ;stf . / fHo s] ;eL kIf sL kxrfg sL : yflkt s/ gL xf] uL O;] ;demgf xf] uf . cfh o] ;eL jr{: jjfbL O; aft ;] lrlGtt x} + ls, ;+3Lotf cu/ agtL x} tf] Ps gO{ zlSt sf pbo x/ If] q ;] xf] uf cf} / ta Ogsf jr{: j vTd xf] hfPuf cf} / OgsL hf] x} sdjfbL ;f] r x} jx vTd xf] hfPuL . O;L aft ;] o] ql;t x} + . d'em] nutf x} ls ceL hf] ;+3Lotf s] gfd k/ ldn / xf x} p;] nLlhP cf} / lkm/ ckgL zlSt cf} / ljsf; sL gLlt s] ;fy cfu] al9ÞP cf} / hf] 5"6 uof x} p;] ckg] ;fy ldnfOP . Sof] +ls ceL hf] ;Qf sf rl/ q x} jx ;+3Lotf b] gf xL gxL+ rfx / xL x} . O;lnP hf] ldn / xf x} kxn] p;] nLlhP gxL+ tf] jx eL xfy ;] lgsn hfg] sL cj: yf x} .

o'ugfy zdf{kqsf/

d'em] Ps af/ ufFj s] a'h'u{ cfbdL g] sxf ls eOof O; b] z sL hf] ;Qf x} jx Ps lbg v'b O; b] z sf 6's8Þf s/ jf b] uL cf} / dw] z sf] cnu s/ jf b] uL . aft Ps u|fdL0f g] sxL yL lh;] gf tf] / fhgLlt sf 1fg yf cf} / gf xL ;Qf s] v] n sf . k/ p;sf syg laNs'n ;r x} . cfh lh; t/ x ;] ;+ljwfg sL aft sf] nDaf vL+rf hf / xf x} , jx hfga"em s/ lsof hf / xf x} . cf} / h} ;–h} ;] ox aft nDaL xf] / xL x} dw] z cfGbf] lnt xf] / xf x} . cfh Ps ;L=s] =/ fpt x} + sn sf] p;s] kL5] ;f/ L dw] z sL hgtf xf] uL cf} / ox hf] l: ylt ag / xL x} O;sL k"/ L lhDd] bf/ L zf;s kIf sL xf] uL . O;lnP ;Qf kIf sf] b] z s] ;eL If] q sf] cf} / p;sL efjgfcf] + sf] ;d] 6gf xf] uf . gxL+ tf] gf tf] cfGbf] ng sf] / f] sf hf ;stf x} cf} / gf xL ljv08g sL ;Defjgf ;] OGsf/ lsof hf ;stf x} . b] z sf Ps dxTjk"0f{ lx: ;f c;+t'i6 x} cf} / O;] ;Qf cgb] vf s/ / xL x} . cu/ oxL / j} of / xf tf] lrguf/ L cfu sf ¿k sa n] n] uL sxf gxL+ hf ;stf . ;+ljwfg agfgf cf} / p;d] + ;eL sL efjgfcf] + sf] ;dfg ¿k ;] hux b] gf ;Qf kIf sL lhDd] bf/ L agtL x} . cu/ P] ;f gxL+ xf] tf x} tf] cfGbf] ng tf] to x} . cfGbf] ng xf] tf / xf x} cf} / xf] tf / x] uf .

/lj 7fs'/kqsf/

cfGbf] ng xf] tf / xf x} cf} / xf] tf / x] uf

cfj/0f


lxdflngL s] åf/ f cfof] lht O; ljrf/ >[+vnf d] + sO{ dxTjk"0f{ aft] + pe/ s/ cfO{+ . d;nf l;km{ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f sf gxL+ x} . d'Vo aft x} ls p;d] + x/ kIf sf] O{dfgbf/ L ;] hux bL hfo . aft cf/ If0f sL xf] , ;dfgtf sL xf] , clwsf/ If] q sL xf] , cfly{s, Gofoflos, k|zf;lgs cf} / z} lIfs ls;L eL If] q sL xf] , gful/ stf sL xf] of ;du| ¿k ;] ;+3Lotf sL xf] Og ;a ;+j] bgzLn d'b\bf] + sf] cu/ lgikIftf s] ;fy gxL+ ;d] 6f uof tf] gof g] kfn sL kl/ sNkgf sf ljWj+z xf] gf toz'bf x} . Sof] +ls hgtf hu r'sL x} , ckg] clwsf/ f] + ;] kl/ lrt xf] r'sL x} cf} / ;lbof] + ;] zf] lift xf] g] sf hf] s8Þjf cg'ej x} jf] p;] o"F xL cfGbf] lnt s/ tL / x] uL cf} / O;] k|fKt s/ g] s] lnP cfGbf] ng xf] tf / x] uf . Sof] +ls qmf+lt, ;+u7g cf} / ;Ifd g] t[Tj xL Ps hLljt ;dfh cf} / b] z sL kxrfg xf] tL x} . : k+bg x} tf] hLljt x} + lh; lbg lgikGb xf]

uP cfk d[t xf] hft] x} + . cfk lhGbf x} +, cfksL ;f] r lhGbf x} cf} / cfk ckgL kxrfg s] ;fy lhGbf / xgf rfxt] x} + tf] cfksf] ckgL ;hLjtf

sf k|df0f b] gf xf] uf . Joj: yf s] lvnfkm cfjfh p7fgL xf] uL cf} / clwsf/ k|fKt s/ gf xf] uf oxL jt{dfg ;do sL dfFu x} .

cfj/0f

ch'{g s];Lt]SjfGbf] cGt/f{i6«Lo /]k|mL

dsjfgk'/, x]6f}8f

gofF jif{ @)&@ s] ;'vb cj;/ k/ ;d:t ldq, z'elrGts, Jofkf/ L, pBf] uL ;lxt b]z jf;L d] + ;'–:jf:Yo Pj+ pQ/ f] Q/ k|ult

sL sfdgf s] ;fy xL xflb{s d+undo z'esfdgf .

c?0fbf; ;'dfuL{dWodf~rn pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf;+3

lxdflngL s] !* j]+ jif{ k|j]z s] ;'vb ;dfrf/ k/ xd cToGt xlif{t x}+ . O; cj;/ k/ lxdflngL s] ;jf{ª\uL0f ljsf; x]t' 9]/ ;f/L z'esfdgfPF .

cfk lhGbf x} +, cfksL ;f] r

lhGbf x} cf} / cfk ckgL kxrfg

s] ;fy lhGbf / xgf rfxt] x} + tf]

cfksf] ckgL ;hLjtf sf k|df0f

b] gf xf] uf . Joj: yf s] lvnfkm

cfjfh p7fgL xf] uL cf} / clwsf/

k|fKt s/ gf xf] uf oxL jt{dfg

;do sL dfFu x} .


@)^@÷)^# d] + hgcfGbf] ng x'cf yf cf} / O;L cfGbf] ng g] / fhtGq sf cGt lsof cf} / u0ftGq sL : yfkgf x'O{ . O;] kl/ jt{g sf cfGbf] ng eL sxf hf ;stf x} . k/ cfh g] kfn sL hgtf O; cfGbf] ng zAb ;] j} ;] xL kl/ lrt xf] uO{ x} h} ;] hLg] s] lnP ;fF;f] + ;] . cfGbf] ng zAb xL lvnjf8Þ ag uof x} . g] tfu0f o] gxL+ ;f] rt] ls ox cfGbf] ng¿kL e"t sa v8Þf s/ gf x} . O;sf cfd hg hLjg k/ Sof k|efj k8Þg] jfnf x} Og ;f/ L aftf] + ;] pGx] + sf] O{ n] gf b] gf gxL+ x} .

cfh eL Pdfcf] jfbL—dw] zjfbL tL; bnLo df] rf{ u7aGwg g] P;Pn;L ;] Ps ;Ktfx kxn] ] cfGbf] ng sf sfo{qmd ;fj{hlgs lsof x} . r} q * ;] @^ ts aGb x8Þtfn, ;/ sf/ L, u} / ;/ sf/ L sfof{no sf sfdsfh cj?4 df] rf{ sf lg0f{o x} . / fhgLlts bnf] + s] cfGtl/ s åGå sf sf/ 0f …;+ljwfg lgdf{0fÚ zAb cfd hgtf sf] sGkm\o'h gxL km\o'h s/ lbof x} tf] b";/ L cf] / lzIff h} ;] ;Dj] bgzLn If] q sf] eL tx;—gx; s/ lbof x} . s/ La !) jiff] { ts ljleGg ;d: ofcf] + sf] em] nt] cf / x] ljBfl{y{of] + sf] O; af/ eL k/ LIff sL lrGtf tf] yL xL cfGbf] ng sf eo eL ;tf / xf yf . ljBfly{of] s] lnP P;Pn;L jx gL+j x} lh;s] ;xf/ ] cleefjs ckg] aRrf] + sf] cfu] k9Þfg] sL pDdLb / vt] x} + . j} ;] lzIff ljZn] ifsf] sf dfggf x} ls hf] eL 5fq O;

jif{ sL k/ LIff d] + pQL0f{ xf] +u] jx k|ltefzfnL ljBfyL{ xf] +u] . ;Qfnf] n'ktf cf} / ;/ sf/ sL pbf;Lgtf sf k|efj ;a;] Hofbf lzIff d] + b] vf uof x} .

hgcfGbf] ng cf} / dw] z cfGbf] ng kZrft 5fq : jtGqtfk"j{s k9Þ] +u] , cR5L gf} s/ L ldn] uL, b] z d] + ljsf; xf] uf, zflGt ;'/ Iff sL ufo/ ] 06L xf] uL cf} / ls;L ;] zfl;t gxL xf] ] +u] P] ;L pDdLb cfd hgtf d] + yL . pGx] + Sof ktf yf ls pgs] aRr] pRr lzIff tf] Sof cR5L lzIff eL xfl;n gxL s/ kfPFu] < k'ln; sL nf7L, c>' Uf} ; sf w"cfF, kTy/ f] + sL jiff{ cf} / gf/ f h'n"; sf zf] / ;'ggf k8Þ] uf . / f] huf/ sL hux a] / f] huf/ L

cf} / pkef] Uo j: t' s] lnP eL b";/ ] / fi6«f] + k/ lge{/ xf] gf xf] uf .

cGt/ åGå d] + b] z O; k|sf/ km+; r'sf x} ls lzIff If] q eL O;;] c5"tf gxL+ x} . cfh ;DkGg kl/ jf/ s] ljBfyL{ ljjz xf] s/ lzIff cWoog s] lnP ljb] z knfog xf] / x] x} + tf] jxL+ dWod of ;fdfGo kl/ jf/ s] ljBfyL{ j} b] lzs / f] huf/ d]+ hfg] s] lnP afWo x} + . P] ;f eL gxL+ x} ls ;/ sf/ lzIff d] + lgj] z gxL+ s/ tL x} lsGt' lzIff d] + ;/ sf/ s] lgj] z sf k|ltkmn z"Go x} . jf: tj d] + ;/ sf/ sL sdhf] / L s] sf/ 0f xL lzIff If] q / fhgLlts bnf] + s] lnP / fhgLlts s] Gb| s] ¿k d] + : yflkt xf] r's] x} + . ;/ sf/ sL : ki6 gLlt lgod gxL+ xf] g] s] sf/ 0f ;/ sf/ L ljBfno c: tJo: t agf x'cf x} tf] u} / ;/ sf/ L ljBfno d] + j[l4 x'O{ x} . n] lsg jxfF eL lh; k|sf/ sf jftfj/ 0f Pj+ ;/ sf/ sL lgu/ fgL xf] gL rflxP jx lans'n gxL+ x} . en] xL u} / ;/ sf/ L ljBfno ;] ;/ sf/ sf] 6} S; cftf xf] uf n] lsg lzIff k|0ffnL sdhf] / xL x} .

ls;L b] z sf ljsf; p; b] z sL lzIff k|0ffnL k/ lge{/ xf] tf x} , Sof] +ls b] z sL pGglt s] lnP x/ JolQm lhDd] bf/ x} cf} / jf] xL b] z sf] ckg] 1fg, ;+: sf/ cf} / cR5] cfr/ 0f s] hl/ o] a'n+lbof] + k/ k+x'rf ;stf x} . cfh sf lzlIft ju{ xL b] z sL cy{Joj: yf sf] ;'rf¿ ¿k ;] rnf ;stf x} lsGt' cu/ lzIff k|0ffnL xL 7Ls g x'O{ tf] p; b] z sf eljio c+wsf/ do xf] uf xL . cfh h?/ t x} Ps cR5L lzIff k|0ffnL sL, lh;;] cfh sf 5fq 1fgjfg cf} / Ps cR5]

cfh sL lzIff M Sof vf] of Sof kfof <s}nfz bf;

ls;L b] z sf ljsf; p; b] z sL lzIff k|0ffnL k/

lge{/ xf] tf x} , Sof] +ls b] z sL pGglt s] lnP x/

JolQm lhDd] bf/ x} cf} / jf] xL b] z sf] ckg] 1fg,

;+: sf/ cf} / cR5] cfr/ 0f s] hl/ o] a'n+lbof] + k/

k+x'rf ;stf x} . cfh sf lzlIft ju{ xL b] z sL

cy{Joj: yf sf] ;'rf¿ ¿k ;] rnf ;stf x} lsGt'

cu/ lzIff k|0ffnL xL 7Ls g x'O{ tf] p; b] z sf

eljio c+wsf/ do xf] uf xL .

lzIff


cfr/ 0f jfnf JolQm ag ;s] <n] lsg hgcfGbf] ng kZrft b] z ljsf;

sL cf] / hf] kl/ jt{g xf] gL rflxP yL jx gxL x'O{ cf} / b] z / ;ftn sL cf] / rnf hf / xf x} . / fhgLlts cGt/ åGb s] sf/ 0f ljBfly{of] + sf] ;d: of xL ;d: of ef] ugf k8Þf . ljBfyL{ hLjg d] + hf] ;Lvgf rflxP c;tf] df ;b\udo . td;f] df Hof] ltu{do .. d[Tof] df{ cd[t udo .. -x] k|e' Û xd] + c;To ;To sL cf] / n] rnf] . c+wsf/ ;] k|sfz sL cf] / n] rnf] . d[To' s] eo ;] cd/ Tj sL cf] / n] rnf] ._ p;sL hux aGb, x8Þtfn, gf/ f, h'n';, xTof—lx+;f, ckx/ 0f, rGbf j;"nL, anfTsf/ h} ;L 36gfcf] + sf ;fdgf s/ gf k8Þ /xf x} . eo–qf; sL lhGbuL latfgL k8Þ /xL x} .

hals lzIff sf p2] Zo ljBfly{of] + s] c+b/ cR5] ;+: sf/ k} bf s/ gf tyf pGx] + cfly{s b[li6 ;] cfTdlge{/ agfgf xf] tf x} . lsGt' ljBfyL{of] + sf] nf] 8;] l8Ë, dxFufO{ oxfF ts sL vfgf ksfg] jfn] PnkL Uf} ; sf cefj ;[hgf s/ dfgl;s tgfj sf ;fdgf s/ gf k8Þ / xf x} . 5fqf ha : s"n hftL x} cf} / hats ;'/ lIft nf} 6s/ 3/ gxL cf hftL ta ts pgs] dfF afk sf] lrGtf ;tfP / xtL x} . Ps cf] / 5fqfcf] + sf] lzlIft s/ g] sf cleofg rn / xf x} tf] b";/ L cf] / : s"nL 5fqfcf] + s] ;fy anfTsf/ sL 36gf d] + j[l4 xf] / xL x} .

Ps cf} / ;a;] a8ÞL ;d: of ;do k/ k': ts+] pknAw gxL xf] gf eL x} . k/ LIff ;DkGg xf] g] s] afb eL rf/ rf/ dxLg] ts ljBfno d] + k': tsf] + sf cefj agf / xtf x} . lzIfs÷k|fWofks ;/ sf/ L ljBfno ;] Hofbf 6\o'zg d]+ Pj+ lghL s} Dk;÷ljBfno d] + Hofbf ;do cf} / Wofg b] t] x} + . k|foM : s"n s} Dk; sf k|fWofks÷k|frfo{ / fhgLlts bn sf bjfj of : jo+ ls;L bn d] + xf] g] sf/ 0f clwsf+z ;do / fhgLlt d] + latft] x} + . ;/ sf/ åf/ f lzIff d] + lbof uof ah6 s'5 xL ljBfno of ljBfyL{ ts kx'Frtf xf] uf . O;;] : ki6 xf] tf x} ls ;/ sf/ L cg'udg pbf;Lg x} lh;;] e|i6frf/ sf] a9Þfjf ldntf x} .

ljBfno Joj: yfkg ;ldlt sf] e|i6frf/ sf cvf8Þf sxgf gfhfoh gxL+ xf] uf . Sof+] ls lh;s] kf; ?k} of x} cf} / lh;s] ljBfyL{ u} / ;/ sf/ L d] + k9Þt] xf] + jxL ckg] zlQm s] bd k/ Joj: yfkg cWoIf jf ;b: o d] + rog xf] t] x} + . lh;sf aRrf p; : s"n d] + gxL k9Þtf xf] pGx] + ;'wf/ ;] Sof n] gf b] gf . pgsL Ps xL d+;f xf] tL x} , ljBfno d] + lbP uP ah6 sf] ldn afF6s/ vfgf .

g] kfn d] + ;/ sf/ L lzIf0f ;+: yf s] lzIfs tyf k|fWofks ax't sd xf] +u] hf] ckg] aRrf] + sf] ;/ sf/ L ljBfno d] + k9Þft] xf+] u] . ;/ sf/

sf tnj vfs/ / fhgLlt d+] Jo: t / xg] jfn] lzIfs, sd{rf/ L, / fhgLltsdL{ s] aRr] k|foM af] l8{Ë : s"n of ljb] z d] + k9Þt] x} + . hals ef/ t d] + *), >Ln+sf d] + (*, a] nfot ,cd] l/ sf d] + (# k|ltzt cf} / Sofgf8f ;lxt s'5 b] z d] + ztk|ltzt ljBfyL{ ;/ sf/ L : s'n cf} / sf‘n] h d] + k9t] x} + . g] kfn d] + / fhgLlts åGb sxf hfP of x: tIf] k s] sf/ 0f lzIfs k9ÞfO{ d] + sd cf} / / fhgLlt d] ++ Hofbf Wofg b] t] x} .

cu/ xd s] jn dw] z t/ fO{ sL aft s/ +] tf] P;Pn;L l/ hN6 ax't xL sd x} . O;af/ P;Pn;L d] + ;a;] a8ÞL cfZro{hgs aft ox x} ls k/ LIff k|f/ De x} cf} / ljBfyL{ j} b] lzs / f] huf/ d] + hf / x] x} + . wg'iff d] + s'n ljBfyL{ d] + ;] * ;f} ljBfyL{ P;Pn;L d] + cg'kl: yt y] . cg';Gwfg s/ g] k/ ktf rnf ls s'5 ljBfyL{ ljjfx d] + Jo: t x} + tf] s'5 j} b] lzs / f] huf/ d] + hfg] jfn] x} + . P] ;] eL ljBfyL{ b] vg] sf] ldn] hf] ljBfno ;] k|j] z kq n] g] s] jfb eL P;Pn;L k/ LIff sf dxTj sd cf} / j} b] lzs / f] hfu/ L sf] Hofbf b] / x] x} + . cleefjsf] sf dfggf x} ls / f] huf/ sf jL;f cf uof yf . cu/ jx gxL uof tf] s/ La Ps nfv sf 3f6f sf} g p7fPuf . k9ÞfO{ ;] gf} s/ L tf] ldntL gxL lkm/ eL ;f] r] ls cu/ jL;f b] / ;] cfP] uf tf] k/ LIff b] b] uf, n] lsg k/ LIff s] aLr d+] xL cf uof . O; k|sf/ sL ;d: of u|fdL0f cleefjs Pj+ ljBfly{of] + d] + Hofbf b] vf uof x} .

Ps cf} / ;d: of ox eL x} ls g] kfn ;/ sf/ s] kf; of] hgf xL gxL+ x} ls ls; If] q d] + lstgf ljBfyL{ pTkfbg s/ gf x} , pGx+] s} ;f Joj: yfkg s/ gf x} . ;do–;fk] If kf7\oqmd s] cefj d] + k9Þ] lnv] o'jfcf] + sL a] / f] huf/ L sL ;+Vof a9Þg] k/ cleefjs ;a;] Hofbf lrlGtt x} + .

lzIff If] q d] + ;a;] a8ÞL ;d: of ;/ sf/ L ljBfno d] + k9ÞfO{ gxL xf] g] ;] u} / ;/ sf/ L ljBfno k7g–kf7g sL b[li6 ;] ck] Iffs[t

;kmn lbvt] x} + . ;/ sf/ L ljBfno sf] lghL ljBfno s] ;fy ls; k|sf/ sL k|lt: kwf{ xf] gL rflxP O; ljifo k/ ;/ sf/ g] Wofg xL gxL lbof x} . c/ af] + vr{ s/ ;~rflnt lsof uof lzIff dGqfno, ;/ sf/ L ljZjljBfno, s} Dk; cf} / : s"n s] ;DalGwt kIf sf] O; k/ ;+j] bgzLn xf] gf rflxP .

g] kfn d] + ljBdfg @)@* sf] lzIff gLlt ;dofg's"n gxL+ x} . O;d] + tTsfn kl/ jt{g sL cfjZostf x} . hf] jt{dfg sf k|ltlglwTj s/ tf x} , p;L k|sf/ gof g] kfn sL lzIff gLlt tyf kf7\oqmd lgwf{/ 0f s/ gf rflxP . lzIff s] lnP agf cGt/ f{i6«Lo dfkbG8 sf] nfu" s/ gf rflxP . gLlt d] + cfd"n kl/ jt{g gxL+ x'cf tf] lzIff s] : j¿k d] + kl/ jt{g ;Dej gxL x} . lkmnxfn g] kfn sf clwsf+z lzIf0f ;+: yf cf} / p;;] ;+a+lwt ljBfyL{ / fhgLlts s'rqm d] + km+;f x} . ljBfly{of] + s] xs lxt s] lnP ljBfl{y{of+] sf] ;+ul7t xf] g] sf ;+j} wflgs cf} / sfg"gL clwsf/ xf] g] s] afjh"b eL ljut d] + b] vf hfP tf] ljBfyL{ / fhgLlts ljBfly{of] + s] xslxt d] + gxL+ xf] s/ / fhgLlt bn s] : jfy{ k"lt{ d] + nu] x} . ljBfly{of] + sf ;+u7g k"0f{ / fhgLts bn xf] r'sf x} . / fhgLlts bnf] + s] ljBfyL{ ;+u7g g] ljBfyL{ / fhgLlt s] gfd d] + lzIf0f ;+: yf s] ultljlwof] + sf] ;dfKt s/ lbof x} lh;;] nfvf+] ljBfyL{ sf] cWoog s/ g] ;] jl~rt s/ ljBfly{of] + s] eljio s] ;fy ljBfyL{ g] tf xL lvnjf8Þ s/ t] x} + . O;lnP ls;L k|sf/ sL dfFu k"/ L s/ g] s] lnP b";/ f j} slNks pkfo vf] hgf xf] uf cf} / lzIf0f ;+: yf seL aGb g xf] P] ;f jftfj/ 0f ;[hg s/ gf xf] uf cf} / cfh s] ;Gbe{ d] + ljBfly{+of] + sf eL oxL st{Jo x} .

t/ fO{ dw] z d] + lzIff sf jftfj/ 0f laNs'n lau8Þtf hf / xf x} . dw] z d] + ;/ sf/ sL ;xL gLlt g xf] g] s] sf/ 0f xL oxfF s] ljBfyL{ a8ÞL ;+Vof d] + ef/ t d] + cWoog s/ g] s] lnP afWo x+} .

lzIff


) cfk ckg] : s"n s] ljifo d] + s'5 atfPF .–d} + cf] nlDkof jN8{ pdflj d] + k|frfo{ s] ¿k d] + sfo{/ t x"F . ox

: s"n $ ;fn kxn] Ps cnu ;f] r s] ;fy : yflkt x'cf yf . ox ljBfno aa/ dxn sf7df+8" d] + x} . sIff ! ;] !@ ts k9ÞfO{ xf] g] jfn] O; : s'n s] 5fq pdflj lzIff kl/ ifb -PrP;OaL_ åf/ f nL uO{ k/ LIff d] + g] kfn d] + t[tLo : yfg xfl;n s/ r's] x} + .) cfks] : s"n sL lzIf0f k4lt Sof x} <

– xdf/ f : s"n g] kfn sf kxnf : df6{ Snf; jfnf : s"n x} . x/ ;] S;g d] + @@ ;] @$ ljBfyL{ sf] / vf hftf x} . ;LP;L s] cnfjf cltl/ Qm lqmofsnfk, ;'Gb/ jftfj/ 0f, OlG8leh'cn Snf;, k|} lS6sn Pk|f] r, cg';GwfgfTds lzIf0f ljlw, 8f] / 6' 8f] / oftfoft ;le{;, nugzLn lzIfs, cJjn Joj: yfkg, : yflkt k|f] km] ;/ , n] vs, gfdL lzIffljb sf O; d] + ;+nutf xf] gf O;sL cnu kxrfg x} . ) lzIff sf] u'0f: t/ Lo agfg] s] lnP cfksL Sof gLlt x} <

– xd x/ Ps aRr] sf] Ps lgtfGt cnu JolQmTj s] ¿k d] + b] vt] x} + . cf} / x/ Ps sf] ;Ddfg cf} / cj;/ b] t] x} + . k|fOe] 6 lzIff Ps cg'zfl;t lahg] ; x} . n] lsg xd lahg] ; ;] Hofbf lzIff d] + Wofg b] t] x} + . xdf/ ] ljBfno d] + l/ ;r{ ljefu x} , hf] lg/ Gt/ l/ ;r{ cf} / z} Ifl0fs ljsf; d] + sl6j4 x} . ) lzIfs sf r'gfj cfk s} ;] s/ t] x} + <

– xdf/ ] kf; ;} s8Þf] + sL ;+Vof d] + lgj] bg cft] x} + . p;sL ;f‘6{ lnl: 6ª s/ s] xd lnlvt k/ LIff n] t] x} + . hf] lnlvt k/ LIff d] + pQL0f{ xf] t] x} +, pGx] + OG6/ Eo" s] lnP a'nfof hftf x} . hL8L s] kZrft\ 8] df] Snf; d] + cJjn sf] xd lgo'lQm b] t] x+} . ) aRrf] + sf arkg ef/ L a} u cf} / xf] djs{ s] af] em ;] batf hf / xf x} < cfk O; k/ sxfF ts ;xdt x} + <

– cf] nlDkof s] lnP ox tYo gxL+ x} . oxfF x/ aRr] sf] Ps nf‘s/ ldntf x} . p;d] + sf‘kL–lstfa / vt] x} + . xf] djs eL ;Lldt lbof hftf x} . xd xf] djs{ cf} / k/ LIff ;] Hofbf l;vfO{ d] + ljZjf; / vt] x} +, hf] aRr] : s"n d] + e/ k"/ cfgGb s] ;fy s/ t] x} + . o] k4lt b";/ ] : s"n eL nfu" s/ kfPFu] tf] ;a aRrf] + sf] lnP cR5f xf] uf . ) : s"n sL k|f/ lDes lzIff sL z'?cft s] lnP aRrf] + sL ;xL pd| Sof xf] gL rflxP <

– cf] nlDkof Ps ;] !@ ts s] aRrf] + s] lnP x} . oxfF ;f9] Þ kfFr ;] ^ ;fn s] aRrf] + sf P8ldzg lnof hftf x} . ;du| d] + aRrf] + sf] kfFr ;fn ;] gLr] P8ldzg s/ s] dfgl;s bjfa gxL+ b] gf rflxP . pgsf] ckg] arkg sf e/ k"/ n'Kt p7fg] b] gf rflxP . ) cfk aRrf] + s] cleefjs ;] Sof ck] Iff / vt] x} + <

– 3/ kxnf : s"n x} . cleefjs lzIff s] cleGg c+u x} . aRr] s] JolQmTj ljsf; d] + cleefjs sL ljz] if lhDd] bf/ L xf] tL x} . Ps aRrf ckg] kl/ jf/ s] ;+: sf/ cf} / : s"n ;] ldnL lzIff n] s/ ;dfh d] + of] ubfg b] g] s] lnP t} of/ xf] tf x} . ) aRrf] + sL dfgl;stf sf] ;demg] s] lnP pgs] cleefjs ;] h'8 Þgf cfjZos xf] tf x} , O; lbzf d] + cfksf : s"n Sof k|of; s/ tf x} <

– xd ;do–;do d] + cleefjsf] + ;] cGt/ lqmof s/ t] x} + . pgsf] hfgsf/ L b] t] x} + . cf} / Ps ;xsf/ L s] ¿k d] + ;'emfj ;nfx n] t] x} + . ;kmntf sL s'+hL ;xsfo{ d] + x} . xd ox ;demt] x} + . xdf/ ] oxfF aRrf] + sf] Jojxfl/ s cWoog lbof hftf x} . pgsL ?lr cf} / Jojxf/ d] + cft] kl/ jt{g sf] xdf/ f ;l6{kmfO8 sfplG;n/ cWoog s/ tL x} cf} / cleefjs s] ;fy ;xsfo{ s/ s] aRrf] + sf] ;'wf/ s/ tL x} + . ) ;eL aRr] Ps ;] gxL+ xf] t] , hf] k9g] d] + s'5 sdhf] / xf] t] x} +, Sof p;s] lnP sf] O{ ljz] if Joj: yf x} cfks] oxfF <

– sf] O{ aRrf k9ÞfO{ d] + sdhf] / xf] ;stf x} , n] lsg jx ls;L cf} / rLh d] + cR5f xf] uf . x/ aRr] sL hf] Ps cnu kxrfg x} , xd p;sf] phfu/ s/ g] sf k|of; s/ t] x} + . …cfkm\6/ : s"n k|f] u|fdÚ d] + aRr] lzIfsf] + ;] Hofbf ;Lv kfPFu] , O;lnP O;sL Joj: yf sL uO{ x} . ) c+t d] + g] kfn af] 8{ cf} / ;LaLP;;L af] 8{ sL sf] O{ sdL sdhf] / L cfksL gh/ d] + <

– xd bf] gf] + : s"nf] + d] + k|frfo{ / x r's] x} + . ;LaLP;;L af] 8{ sL ckgL v"aL x} cf} / P;Pn;L af] 8{ sL ckgL . P;Pn;L af] 8{ d] + c+u|] hL cf} / ;LaLP;;L d] + ul0ft d] + Wofg lbof hf ;stf x} . n] lsg af] 8{ s] ljåfg ;b: of] + sf] lzIffly{of] +, ef} uf] lns, eflifs c;dfgtfcf] + sf] Wofg d] + / vt] x'P ckg] sfo{ d] + cf} / dfkg k|0ffnL d] + Wofg b] gf rflxP . xd sf] nutf x} , k7g–kf7g ;] blIf0f Pl;ofO{ If] q d] + tf] dfkg d] + Hofbf Wofg lbof hftf x} . k/ LIff tf] k9ÞfO{ sL 6«] lgª x} . O; rLh sf] cleefjs, ljBfyL{, lzIfs, af] 8{, ;dfh sf] cR5L t/ x ;demgf rflxP .

k|:t'ltM sljtf bf;

cf]nlDkof jN8{ g] kfn sf kxnf : df6{ Snf; jfnf : s"ncGt/jftf{

cf/ =8L e§, lk|lG;kn

cf] nlDkof jN8{ : s"n


ef/ t sL kljq j;'Gw/ f g] dxfg ;Gtf] + sf] hGd lbof x} . P] ;] xL Ps lbJo ;+t x} + cfrfo{>L dxf>d0f . clx+;f ofqf s] k|0f] tf cfrfo{>L pg dxfg ;+t ljrf/ sf] + d] + ;] x} + lhGxf] +g] cfTdf s] bz{g sf] g s] jn JofVoflot lsof x} alNs p;] cfTd;ft\ s/ t] x'P lhof eL x} . j] hGdhft k|ltef s] wgL, ;"Idb|i6f, k|f} 9Þ lrGts Pj+ s7f] / k'?iffyL{ x} + . cfkg] O; w/ f k/ !# dO{ !(^@ sf] / fh: yfg s] Ps s: a] ;/ bf/ zx/ d] + ckgL cfFv] + vf] nL . %dO{ !(&$ sf] bLlIft x'P cfrfo{>L dxf>d0f c0f'j|t cfGbf] ng s] k|jt{s cfrfo{ >L t'n;L Pj+ k|] Iff k|0f] tf cfrfo{>L dxfk|1 sL k/ Dk/ f d] + t] / fk+y wd{;+3 s] !!j] + cfrfo{ s] ¿k d] + k|ltli7t x'P . cfksf afXo cf} / cf+tl/ s JolStTj cfsif{s cf} / dxQf ;] kl/ k"0f{ x} . cfks] JolStTj d] + IfdfzLntf, t] hl: jtf, ;fwgf cf} / l;4fGtlk|otf sf cb\e't ;lDd>0f x} . cfks] hgsNof0f sL efjgf sf] b] vs/ xL k] l;lkms o'lgjl;{6L g] cfksf] zf+ltb"t tyf ef/ tjif{ lbuDa/ h} g

tLy{If] q sd] 6L g] >d0f ;+: s[lt pb\uftf cn+s/ 0f ;dlk{t lsof x} .

cfrfo{ >L dxf>d0f ljxf/ rof{ Ol;0f+ k;Tyf O; cfulds d+q sf] rl/ tfy{ s/ hgsNof0f s] lnP ufFjf] +, s: af] +, gu/ f] + cf} / dxfgu/ f] + d] + kbofqf s/ t] x'P gO{ hfu[lt sf ;+rf/ lsof x} . cfrfo{>L Ps pRr sf] l6 s] ;fw' x} +, ;+t x} + cf} / ljrf/ s x} + .

cfkg] ;fw'tf s] pRr d"Nof] + sf] ;b} j ckg] cGb/ ;dflxt lsof x'cf x} . cfksf hLjg j} olStstf sL ck] Iff lgj} {olSts clws x} cfk ;dfh s] lnP x} + . t] / fk+y wd{;+3 sf s'zn g] t[Tj s/ t] x'P cfk xhf/ f] + sL eL8Þ d] + eL cb\e't 56f lav] / t] x} + . cfkg] ef/ tLo Clif k/ Dk/ f sf lgjf{x lsof x} . cg's"n cf} / k|lts"n bf] gf] + kl/ l: yltof] + d] + cfksL

cGt/jftf{

dxfg lje"lt M cfrfo{>L dxf>d0f

JolQm ljz]if

sljtf bf;


) lbgf+s )@–)$–@)!% ;] z'? xf] / xL g] kfn clx+;f ofqf k/ yf] 8 Þf k|sfz 8fn] + Û

—ha–ha dfgjtf x|f; sL cf] / a9Þg] nutL x} , g} ltstf sf ktg xf] g] nutf x} , ;dfh d] + kf/ : kl/ s ;+3if{ sL l: ylt agg] nutL x} , ta ta O; j;'wf k/ sf] O{ gf sf] O{ k'?if sf cjt/ 0f xf] tf / xf x} . hf] ckg] st{Jo, k'?iffy{ cf} / t] hf] do zf} o{ ;] dfgj dg sf] em+s[t s/ tf x} cf} / p;d] + r] tgf sf k|jfx s/ tf x} . eujfg dxfjL/ xf] + of uf} td a'4, : jfdL ljj] sfgGb xf] + of dxfTdf ufFwL, u'?b] j t'n;L xf] of cfrfo{ dxfk|1 . ;do ;do k/ P;] cg] s dxfk'?iff] + g] ;dfh–sNof0f cf} / hg–sNof0f sf sfd lsof x} . e6s] x'P sf dfu{bz{g s/ fof x} . dxfk'?iff] + sL O;L dlxdfdoL >[+vnf d] + Ps t] hf] bLKt gfd x} cfrfo{ >L dxf>d0f .

g] kfn sL kfjg w/ tL sf] ox k/ d ;f} efUo xfl;n x'cf x} ls t] / fk+y wd{;+y s] !!j] + cg'zf: t cfrfo{ >L dxf>d0f sf cfudg oxfF xf] g] hf / xf x} .

: jsNof0f cf} / k/ sNof0f s] ;+sNk s] ;fy #),))) ;] clws lsnf] dL6/ ;] clws lsnf] dL6/ sL kbofqf s/ g] jfn] cfrfo{ >L dxf>d0f clx+;f s] åf/ f hgdfg; sf] pTk|] l/ t s/ dfgjtf s] ;d'Tyfg sf ky k|z: t s/ / x] x} + . clx+;f ofqf x[bo kl/ jt{g s] åf/ f c+wsf/ ;] k|sfz sL cf] / k|: yfg sf cleofg x} . ox ofqf s'/ Lltof] + d] + hs8ÞL hgtf cf} / tgfju|: t zx/ L nf] uf] + s] lnP j/ bfg x} . hflt ;Dk|bfo, ju{ cf} / / fi6« sL ;Ldfcf] + ;] k/ ] O; ofqf g] aRrf] +, o'jfcf] = cf} / j[4f] + s] lnP cToGt pkof] uL / xf . nf] uf] + d] + Ps gjLg pT;fx cf} / pDdLb sf ;+rf/ xf] uf P] ;f d] / f ljZjf; x} ) O; ofqf sf pb\b] Zo Sof x} <

– clx+;f ofqf sf pb\b] Zo hgsNof0f x] t' x} . O;s] tLg d'Vo

pb\b] Zo x} +—;b\efjgf sf ;+k|;f/ , g} ltstf sf k|rf/ k|;f/ cf} / gzfd'lSt

sf cleofg . ls;L eL ;dfh d] + cu/ o] tLg kIf ;'b[9Þ xf] + tf] p; ;dfh sf

cGt/jftf{

>L dxf>d0f hL sL g]kfn ofqf g]kfn d]+ ;'v cf}/ zf+lt nfPuLcWofTd s] lzv/ k'?if cfrfo{ >L dxf>d0f sL g] kfn clx+;f ofqf s] ;DaGw d] + >L czf] s j} B hL ;] lxdflngL s] lnP sljtf bf; ;] x'O{ aftrLt sf ;+kflbt c+z M

;dTj sL efjgf : t'To x} . cfksL jf0fL d] + eL Ps hfb" x} . cfk

Ps P] ;] k|jrgsf/ x} + hf] ckgL zf+t, d[b' cf} / uDeL/ z} nL ;] >f] tfcf] + sf] d+qd'Uw s/ b] t] x} + . cfks] k|jrg sf d"n cfwf/ x} h} g cfud . h} gfudf] + d] + lga4 ls;L ;"q cyjf Znf] s sf] s] Gb| d] + / vs/ ;+: s[t, k|fs[t s] Znf] sf] +, lxGbL sfJo / rgfcf] +, syfcf] + cflb s] dfWod ;] ljifo sf] ;xh cf} / ;/ n efiff d] + k|ltkflbt s/ t] x} + . cfks] k|jrg ;j{hglxtfo

xf] t] x} + . lxGb", d'l: nd, l;Sv, O{;fO{, h} g, af} 4 cflb ljleGg wdf{jnlDaof] + g] cfks] pkb] z sf] cfb/ s] ;fy : jLsf/ lsof x} .

b] z s] rfl/ lqs pTyfg d] + cfksf dxTjk"0f{ of] ubfg / xf x} . cfk Ps ;flxTo ;h{s eL x} + . lxGbL, cFu|] hL, ;+: s[t, k|fs[t cf} / / fh: yfgL efiff s] cfk ljåfg x} + . ckgL ljåtf ;] cfk ;flxTo hut sL eL cgj/ t ¿k ;] ;] jf s/ / x] x} + . cfks] >d;fWo ;Dkfbg ;] lgikGg h} g kfl/ eflifs zAbsf] if

ljåtHhut sf] Pd cd"No b] g x} . t] / fk+y wd{;+3 s] cfB k|jt{s cfrfo{ leIf' åf/ f / fh: yfgL efiff d] + k|0fLt u|Gyf] + s] ;+/ If0f d] + ckgL dxtL e"ldsf sf lgjf{x s/ / x] x} + . df} lns cf} / gjLg ljrf/ f] + ;] o'St cfrfo{ >L åf/ f / lrt ;flxTo kf7sju{ sf ;'b/ kybz{g s/ tf x} .

: j: y cf} / ;'Gb/ ;dfh sL ;+/ rgf s] lnP cfrfo{>L dxf>d0f ;tt k|oTgzLn x} + . : jsNof0f s] ;fy k/ sNof0f cfks]


: j¿k v'b a v'b abn hfPuf . cfh dfgj dg d] + Ps b";/ ] s] lnP Oiof{, cf} / sn'iftf sf efj 3/ s/ uof x} . cfk;L efO{rf/ f cf} / ;b\efj sL efjgf d] + sdL cf uO{ x} . cf} / ha ts dfgj dg d] + ;b\efj sL efjfgf gxL+ xf] uL ta ts p;s] dg d] + clx+;f sf efj eL hfu|t gxL+ xf] kfPuf . cfk;L 6s/ fj b"l/ ofF xL gxL+ a9Þftf alNs jx ls;L eL ;dfh s] ljsf; d] + afws eL l;4 xf] tf x} . hflt, efiff, j0f{ j If] q sf b'/ fu|x, ;fDk|bflos pGdfb, t'R5 : jfy{kj[lq cf} / ljs[t dfgl;stf kf/ : kl/ s c;b\efj s] sf/ 0f agt] x} + .

p;L t/ x a] OdfgL ;fdflhs : j: ytf sf afws tTj x} cf} / ox teL xf] tf x} ha JolSt d] + g} ltstf sf ktg xf] hftf x} . ha ts wf] vf, a] OdfgL cf} / lx+;f sf qmd hf/ L / x] uf, sf] O{ eL JolSt ;'v cf} / zf+lt sL ;fF;] + gxL+ n] ;stf x} . cfh s] o'u d] + cg} ltstf Ps k|d'v ;d: of s] ¿k d] + pe/ s/ ;fdg] cf / xL x} . rf] / L gf s/ gf, ldnfj6 gf s/ gf, l/ Zjt gf n] gf, r'gfj cf} / k/ LIff s] bf} / fg cj} w pkfof] + sf ;xf/ f gf n] h} ;] ;+sNk cu/ x/ O+;fg n] n] tf] ;dfh sf kl/ b[Zo xL abn hfPuf nf] u : jo+ ;'v sf cg'ej s/ g] nu] +u] . cfrfo{ >L clx+;f ofqf s] åf/ f hg hLjg d] + g} ltstf sf] k|ltli7t s/ g] sf euL/ y k|of; s/ / x] x} + .

;dfh sf Ps ;a;] b'vb kxn" x} gzf lh;s] rk] 6 d] + cfs/ o'jf kL9ÞL ktg s] ut{ d] + lu/ tL hf / xL x} . gzf Ps P] ;L a'/ fO{ x} lh;g] cR5] cR5f] + sf] cz{ ;] kmz{ k/ nf lbof x} . nfvf] + nf] uf] + sf] x[bo kl/ jt{g s] åf/ f gzfd'St agfg] jfn] cfrfo{ dxf>d0f sL clx+;f ofqf s] bf} / fg gzfd'lSt sf cleofg lg/ Gt/ ultdfg x} cfrfo{>L sf dfggf x} ls gzf ktg s] d'Vo sf/ 0ff] + d] + Ps x} . zf/ Ll/ s, dfgl;s, Jofj;flos, kfl/ jfl/ s, ;fdflhs cflb cg] s g's;fg gz] ;] xf] t] x} + . O;lnP O; a'/ fO{ s] pGd"ng d] + eL ox ofqf ckgf dxTj h¿/ : yflkt s/ ] uL . O; clx+;f ofqf sL z'?cft sxfF ;] x'O{ x} <

– O; ofqf sf z'ef/ De ef/ t sL / fhwfgL lbNnL ;] ( gjDa/ @)!$ sf] x'cf . ox ofqf ef/ t s] ljleGg k|fGtf] + cf} / cGo b] zf] + d] + OG;flgot sL Hof] lt k|HHjlnt s/ / xL x} . ox ofqf g] kfn, e"6fg, pQ/ k|b] z, xl/ of0ff, / fh: yfg, dWok|b] z, laxf/ , cf;fd, d] 3fno, l;lSsd, klZrd a+ufn, emf/ v+8 p8ÞL;f cflb x} .

) t] / fk+y s] ;DaGw d] + s'5 sx] + .– t] / fk+y h} gwd{ sL Ps ljlzi6 zfvf x} . cfrfo{>L leIf'

g] c7f/ xjL+ ztfAbL d] + wd{qmflGt sf z+vgfb lsof hf] t] / fk+y s] gfd ;] ljVoft x} . t] / fk+y wd{;+3 sL Ps g] t[Tj sL k/ Dk/ f d] + Uof/ xj] + clwzf: tf cfrfo{>L dxf>d0f sL s'zn k|zf;s s] ¿k d] + ljlzi6 kxrfg x} . k"j{jtL{ b; cfrfof] {+ sL cfWoflTds ;+kbf cfrfo{>L dxf>j0f sf] lj/ f;t d] + k|fKt x} . t] / fk+y ;dfh sL x/ a'/ fOof] +, s'/ Lltof] + s] pGd"ng s Lcf] / cu|;/ x} cf} / O;;] nfvf] + s/ f] 8Þf] + nf] u nfeflGjt xf] / x] x} + . O; ofqf ;] d'em] k"/ f ljZjf; x} ls g] kfn sL hgtf eL cTolws nfeflGjt xf] uL .

) cfrfo{ >L dxf>d0f s] ljifo d] + s'5 atfPF .

– cfrfo{ dxf>d0f t] / fk+y wd{;+3 s] !!j] + clwzf: tf x} = . lg: k[xtf, ;gln{Kttf, lglj{sf/ tf cfks] JolStTj sL zf] ef a9Þft] x} + . cfrfo{ >L s] ljifo d] + hf] eL sxf hfo sd xf] uf . j} ;] tf] cfk Ps wd{ ;Dk|bfo s] cfrfo{ x} +, lsGt' cfks] ljrf/ ;eL ;Dk|bfof] + s] lnP nfebfoL x} + . cfks] cys kl/ >d ;] ox wd{ ;Dk|bfo ckg] ;dfh sNof0f s] ky k/ cfu] a9Þ / xf x} . ) O; ofqf d] + ;xefuL xf] g] x] t' Sof sf] O{ ljz] if lgod x} <

– gxL+, P] ;f s'5 gxL+ x} . ls;L eL hflt, ju{, ;Dk|bfo cf} / If] q sf JolSt clx+;f ofqf d] + ;xefuL ag ;stf x} . O; ofqf ;] bf] ¿kf] + ;] h'8Þf hf ;stf x} .

: jo+ clx+;f ofqf sf ;+sNk : jLsf/ s/ s] cf} / b";/ f] + sf] clx+;f ofqf s] ;+sNk : jLsf/ s/ g] x] t' k|] l/ t s/ s] . ) O; ofqf sf ;+sNk Sof x} <

– clx+;f ofqf s] tLg ;+sNk x} + . kxnf tf] o] ls d} + ;b\efjk"0f{ Jojxf/ s/ g] sf k|oTg s¿Fuf, b";/ f d} + oyf;Dej O{dfgbf/ L sf kfng s¿Fuf cf} / tL;/ f o] ls d} + gzfd'St hLjg hLpmFuf .

;r tf] ox x} ls ox ofqf k"/ L t/ x ;dfh cf} / hgsNof0f s] lnP x} . ls;L eL ;d'bfo sf JolSt cu/ Og aftf] + sf] cfTd;ft\ s/ n] tf] p;s] hLjg s] ;fy ;fy ;dfh b] z ;asf sNof0f xf] hfPuf cf} / Ps gO{ ;dfh sL a'lgofb ag] uL . nf] u ;'v cf} / zfFlt sf cg'ej s/ ] +u] . ;dfh d] + ;b\efj cf} / efO{rf/ ] sL efjgf b[9Þ xf] uL . pDdLb x} ls g] kfn sL hgtf eL O; ofqf sf k"/ f k"/ f nfe p7fPuL .

cGt/jftf{

hLjg sf cleGg j|t x} . ;fdflhs s'/ Lltof] +, c+wljZjf;f] + cf} / ?9Þ wfld{s sd{sf08f] + sf cfk xd] zf lj/ f] w s/ t] x} + . ;dfh d] + JofKt c: k[Zotf, hfltjfb, wf] vfw8ÞL, gzf, bx] h, e|"0f xTof cflb lj;+ultof] + s] kl/ isf/ s] lnP cfk cgj/ t k|of;/ t x} + .

;+od xL hLjg x} s] pb\3f] if sf] d'vl/ t s/ g] jfn] c0f'j|t cfGbf] ng sf cfrfo{>L dxf>d0f c0f'j|t cg'zf: tf s] ¿k d] + s'zn g] t[Tj s/ / x] x} + . ;fy xL Wofg sL

ux/ fOof] + sf] 5"g] jfn] k|] IffWofg k4lt sf cfk ;kmn g] t[Tj s/ / x] x} + . k|] IffWofg sL d'Vo lgiklQ x} — lrQ sL z'l4 . hLjg d] + ;Gt'ng, cfgGb cf} / zf+lt sf cg'ej pknAw s/ fg] d] + k|] IffWofg cxd e"ldsf lgeftf x} . dfgl;s tgfjf] + ;] d'lSt, phf{ s] ¿kfGt/ 0f, r] tgf s] pmWjf{/ f] x0f cf} / Psfu|tf s] ljsf; s] lnP k|] IffWofg sL pkof] lutf : jo+ l;4 xf] hftL x} .

lzIff s] If] q d] + eL cfkg] ckgf dxTjk"0f{

of] ubfg lbof x} . cfrfo{>L dxf>d0f s] cfWoflTds cg'zf;g d] + t] / fk+y ;dfh åf/ f cg] s ;dfhf] kof] uL ultljlwof] + d] + lzIff sf k|d'v : yfg x} . cfrfo{>L h} g ljZjef/ tL ljZjljBfno s] cg'zf: tf s] ¿k d] + k|ltli7t x} + .

zf+t Pj+ d[b' Jojxf/ ;] ;+j[Q, cfsf+Iff : k[xf ;] lj/ St Pj+ hgsNof0f s] lnP ;dlk{t o'jfdgLifL cfrfo{>L dxf>d0f ef/ tLo ;+t k/ Dk/ f s] uf} / j k'?if x} + .

: jsNof0f cf} / k/ sNof0f s] ;+sNk s] ;fy #),))) ;] clws lsnf] dL6/ ;] clws lsnf] dL6/ sL kbofqf s/ g] jfn] cfrfo{ >L dxf>d0f clx+;f s] åf/ f hgdfg; sf] pTk|] l/ t s/ dfgjtf s] ;d'Tyfg sf ky k|z: t s/ / x] x} + . clx+;f ofqf x[bo kl/ jt{g s] åf/ f c+wsf/ ;] k|sfz sL cf] / k|: yfg sf

cleofg x} .


ljut d] + dfcf] jfbL hgo'4 cf} / dw] z cfGbf] ng kZrft x'cf ;Dfemf} tf,

;+ljwfg ;ef d] + sfof{Gjog gxL+ s/ g] sL lhb, ;+3Lotf, zf;sLo : j¿k, lgjf{rg k|0ffnL, / fHo lgwf{/ 0f tyf ;Ldfs+g ;DaGw d] + lkm/ jftf{ ;fy{s gxL+ xf] ;sf . ;Qf kIf cf} / ljkIf aLr ;xdlt of k|lqmof sf ljjfb oyfjt xL x} . hgtf c;d+h; d] + k8ÞL x} …cflv/ ox v] n sa ts rntf / x] ufÚ < / fhgLlts cGt/ åGb s] sf/ 0f kxnL ;+ljwfg ;ef lj36g x'O{ tf] b";/ ] ;+ljwfg ;ef d] + sL uoL k|lta4tf eL 6"6L .

b] z cfGbf] ng s] aGwg d+] lkm/ ;] aGw r'sf x} . cfd hgtf d"sbz{s agL x} . ljkIfL #) bnLo df] rf{ sf cf/ f] k x} Pdfn] sfFu|] ; sf ;+o'Qm ;/ sf/ ;+3Lotf, zf;sLo : j¿k, lgjf{rg k|0ffnL s] ;DaGw d] + 3'df–lkm/ f s/ k'/ fgL / fHo;Qf sfod s/ g] d] + nuL x} . / fHo lgwf{/ 0f cf} / ;Ldfs+g kxf8ÞL cf} / dw] zL aLr lje] b nfg] sL sf] lzz x} lh;] : jLsf/ s/ gf c;Dej xL gxL gfd'dlsg eL x} .

;xdtLo ;+ljwfg s] lnP cfGbf] ng sL afWotf, ;dfgtf, ;dfj] lztf, lje] b lj?4 tyf ckl/ xfo{ sf cf/ f] k eL x} . ox eL sxf uof ls cfGbf] ng kf6L{ ljz] if gxL, ;} 4flGts cf} / b: tfj] h : yflkt, clwsf/ ;'lglZrttf Pj+ cu|ufdL k'g;{+/ rgf s] lnP x} . hftLo gxL+ ax'–kxrfg rflxP .

jxL+ Pdfn] —sfFu|] ; sf dfggf x} ls hftLo cfwf/ d] + / fHo cf}/ ;Ldfs+g c;Dej x} . ;+3Lotf cf} / zf;sLo : j¿k, lgjf{rg k|0ffnL cGtl/ d ;+ljwfg s] s'5 ;"qf] + d] + ;+zf] wg s/ sfof{Gjog lsof hfP . kfFr lhnf sf hf] ljjfb x} pGx] + s] Gb|zfl;t / fHo agfof hfP . O;d] + #) bnLo df] rf{ ;xdt gxL+ x'cf tf] k|lqmof d] + hf s/ eL ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f lsof hfPuf . Ow/ ljkIfL

df] rf{ ox : jLsf/ s/ g] s] lnP t} of/ gxL x} . PsLs[t g] skf dfcf] jfbL s] jl/ i7 g] tf 8f=afa'/ fd e6\6/ fO{ s] cg';f/ g] kfn d] + kfFr af/ ;+ljwfg lnvf uof cf} / ^jfF ;+ljwfg cGtl/ d ;+ljwfg x} . Og ;eL ;] & jfF ;+ljwfg cnu xf] gf rflxP .

;+ljwfg d] + clwsf/ f] + sf aF6jf/ f xf] gf rflxP, ax'efiff, ax';fF: s[lts Pj+ ax'kxrfg s] cfwf/ k/ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f xf] g] k/ hgtf sf] go] g] kfn sf cx;f; xf] uf . ;'zf;g sf sfo{ hgtf sf] hf] 8Þgf, zflGt k|lqmof sf cg'e"lt xf] gf x} g ls k'/ fgf / fHo ;Qf sfod s/ gf x} .

zfob ox ljZj sf kxnf cg'ejL b] z xf] uf hf] ^ af/ ;+ljwfg lnv r'sf xf] cf} / & jfF s] lnP / fhgLlts o'4 rn / xf xf] . bf] —bf] af/ ;+ljwfg ;ef sf r'gfj x'cf cf} / x/ af/ ;+ljwfg s] tTsfnLg zf;sf] + g] r/ d b'¿kof] u lsof . lje] bd'Qm / fHo, eod'Qm ;dfh, ck/ fw d'Qm / fhgLlt, e|i6frf/ d'Qm k|zf;g, ;Ifd g] t[Tj, sfg"gL zf;g b08xLgtf sf] cGTf cf} / lhDd] jf/ Pj+ kf/ bzL{ / fhgLlts bn xL x} . ca eL hgtf cfd"n kl/ jt{g xf] g] sL ;Defjgf bnf] + d] + lans'n gxL b] v / xL x} . / fhgLlts bnf] + sf dfggf x} ls ;xdlt x'cf tf] h] 7 !% ts ;+ljwfg ag hfPuf . n] lsg hgtf d] + O;sL eL pDdLb sd x} cf} / 6s/ fj sL ;Defjgf Hofbf .

cfd hgtf O{dfGfbf/ g] tf sL tnfz d] + x} hf] hgtf sL efjgf ;dem ;s] , b] z sf] lrlGtt s/ ;s] , zflGt ;'/ Iff sL cg'e"lt lbnf ;s] . n] lsg P] ;f nL8/ g tf] kIf s] g] tf d] + lbv / xf x} cf} / g xL ljkIfL bnf] + d] + . ox aft enLefFlt / fhgLlts bn eL hfgtL x} ls hgtf xd k/ ljZjf; s/ gf 5f] 8Þ bL x} .

h] 7 !% ut] nf] stGq : yflkt x'cf yf . p;L lbg ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f 3f] if0ff sL d+zf / fhgLlts bn agf r'sL x} . n] lsg ;Defjgf ax't xL Go"g x} . Pdfcf] jfbL s] ;fy ljut d] + x'cf ;Dfemf} tf ;/ sf/ kIf ;] sfof{Gjog eL x'cf tf] dw] zjfbL bnf] + sL hf] lhb x} k"j{ s] emfkf, df] / +u ;'g;/ L tyf ;'b"/ klZrd s] s~rgk'/ , s} nfnL lhnf sf] n] s/ jx OtgL hNb ;dfwfg xf] gf d'lZsn x} . dw] z : jfot k|b] z ;Dej gxL+ eL x'cf tf] bf] k|b] z of tLg : jLsf/ g] sL ;Defjgf

x} k/ Gt' kfFr lhnf dw] z k|b] z d] + gxL+ cfof tf] u[x o'4 sL eL ;Defjgf : ki6 x} .

hn cf} / h+un bf] gf] t/ fO{ dw] z ;] jl~rt lsof hfP tf] eljio d] + dw] z k|b] z sf ljsf; ;Dej gxL x} , g] kfnL sfFu|] ; s] g] tf cd/ ] z s'df/ l;+x sf dfggf x} . Og kfFr lhnf]+ sf] n] s/ kxf8ÞL cf} / dw] zL ;d'bfo aLr sL n8ÞfO{ gxL+ x} . sf] zL, u08sL, gf/ fo0fL, e] 8ÞL a8ÞL gbL x} lh;;] dw] z e"ld sL l;+rfO{ ;Dej x} cf} / jx O;L kfFr lhn] d] + x} . !%—#) jif{ afb g] kfn d] + kfgL sL ;a;] a8ÞL ;d: of cfg] jfnL x} P] ;f lj1f] + sf dfggf x} . h+un tf] kxf8Þ d] + x} xL, gbL eL b] lbof hfP tf] s] jn ;dtn e"ld n] s/ Sof xf] uf < cu/ o] kfFr lhnf dw] z e"ld d] + gxL lbof uof tf] dw] z ljsf; ;Dej gxL+ x} . xfF, kfFr lhnf]+ sL ;d: of cfg] jfn] ;do d] + Pdfcf] jfbL s] ;fy eL cf ;stL x} . Sof] ls ;+3Lotf s] afb dw] z sL ;a;] a8ÞL ;d: of oxL kfFr lhnf x} lhGx] ;/ n t/ Ls] ;] k|fKt s/ gf gfd'dlsg x} .

@)^$ s] ;+ljwfg ;ef r'gfj kZrft zflGt ;'/ Iff, ljsf;, xTof—lx+;f, anfTsf/ , ck/ fw, e|i6frf/ k/ ef/ L k8Þf ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f . hgtf ceL ts zflGt ;'/ Iff sL cg'e"lt gxL s/ kfoL, xTof lx+;f a9ÞL, anfTsf/ 36gf d] + tLj|tf cfoL cf} / e|i6frf/ sL ;Ldf g / xL . n] lsg seL eL O;s] lj/ f] w d] + cfGbf] ng sL cfjZostf oxfF s] g] tfu0f Sof] + gxL ;dem] < ;eL g] hgtf sf] oxL sxs/ e'nfof ls ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f xf] g] k/ ox : jtM vTd xf] hfPuf <

b] z sf clwsf+z ah6 ;+ljwfg ;ef ;b: o s] tnj eQf cf} / dlGqof+] s] ljb] z e|d0f d] + vr{ xf] tf x} . lhtg] vr{ ^)! ;ef;bf] + k/ xf] / xL x} , jxL b] z pGglt s] lnP lsof hftf tf] hgtf d] + / fhgLlts bnf] + s] k|lt 3[l0ft efjgf cf} / åGå pTkGg xf]g] sL ;Defjgf Go"g yL . ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f s] lnP eL ;Lldt ah6 sf k|fjwfg P] g sfg"g d] + pNn] v cjZo xf] gL rflxP tfls lhtgL af/ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f sf ;do 6n] of lj36g xf] lkm/ ;] ah6 gxL+ ;dfj] z lsof hfP .

g] kfnL hgtf sf] ca ts cfGbf] ng ;] Iflt cf} / c;'/ Iff s] l;jf Sof ldnf x} < hgtf cflhh xf] s/ cfGbf] ng s] ;dy{g gxL lj/ f] w d] + x} .

cfGbf] ng cf} / ;+ljwfg ;] hgtf k/ ] zfgljZn]if0f

s}nf; bf;


sf] O/ fnf ;/ sf/ ;+ljwfg k|lt ax't xL jkmfbf/ x} . jx ls;L eL xfnt d] + ;+ljwfg agfPFu] + P] ;f xd] + ljZjf; x} . cu/ ox ;/ sf/ ;+ljwfg gxL agfgf rfxtL tf] OtgL nrs xf] tL xL gxL . seL eL cfGbf] ng ;] ;dfwfg gxL ldnf x} . #) bn sf hf] cfGbf] ng x} jx lans'n lg/ y{s x} . O; cfGbf] ng ;] ls;L k|sf/ sf kmfobf gxL+ x} . bf] gf] kIf ldns/ ;xdtLo ;+ljwfg agfa] + teL hgtf sL efjgf sL sb/ xf] uL .

ox ;/ sf/ ;+ljwfg agf ;stL x} ls gxL ;Dej cf} / c;Dej sL aft a8ÞL gxL x} . ;Qf kIf cf} / ljkIf s] aLr hf] åGb x} p;;] : ki6 xf] tf x} ls ;+ljwfg ;Dej gxL x} . h] 7 !% ut] u0ftGq cfof yf, ;+ljwfg eL cu/ cf hftf tf] ;a;] a] xt/ lbg dfgf hftf . n] lsg ;Defjgf ax't xL Go"g x} . xfF, #) bnLo df] rf{ sf hf] cfGbf] ng x} hgtf sf] b'Mv s] l;jf s'5 gxL+ b] uf . O; cfGbf] ng sf] sf7df08f} d] + xL s] lGb|t lsof hfP .

g] kfn d] + ;a s'5 cfGbf] ng ;] xL ldnf

x} . cfGbf] ng s] lj/ f] w d] + xd gxL+ x} +, n] lsg cfGbf] ng ;/ sf/ s] bjfj s] lnP lsof hfP O;s] lnP ;/ sf/ L lgsfo dfq aGb xf] g ls lzIf0f ;+: yfg, afhf/ Pj+ lghL pBf] u wGwf . aGb x8Þtfn s] sf/ 0f ceL t/ fO{ sf lzIff Pj+ pBf] u w/ f;foL xf] r'sf x} . hxfF ts jt{dfg ;/ sf/ ;+ljwfg nfPuL ox sxgf ax't xL d'lZsn x} . bnf] + sf] P] ;f xL / j} of / xf tf] sf] O{ eL ;/ sf/ ;+ljwfg nfg] d] + c;kmn / x] uL . ca tf] / fhgLlts bnf] + s] pk/ ;] hgtf sf ljZjf; 36tf hf / xf x} .

ceL ts / fhgLlts bnf] + ;] hgtf b'Mv xL kfoL x} . seL cfGbf] ng s] gfd k/ tf] seL aGb x8tfn s/ . cfGbf] ng ;fy{s xf] gL rflxP . k/ Gt' ceL / fhgLlts : jfy{ sf cfGbf] ng x} . cu/ ;fy{s cfGbf] ng xf] tf, O{dfgbf/ g] tf / xt] tf] ;+ljwfg agfg] d] + Otgf ;do gxL+ nutf . O; ;/ sf/ ;] jt{dfg cj: yf d] + ;+ljwfg ag] uf sxgf d'lZsn x} . j} ;] O; k|sf/ s] / fhgLlts åGb d] + sf] O{ ;/ sf/ ;+ljwfg gxL agf kfPuL . hgtf sf] ;+3Lo ;+ljwfg rflxP lh;;] zflGt ;'/ Iff sL cg'e"lt xf] kfP .

tL; bnLo df] rf{ sf cfGbf] ng / fhgLlts

bnf] s] lnP ;xL x} . k/ Gt' hgtf s] lnP kL8Þf bfos . cfGbf] ng ;] oxfF sf Jofkf/ , lzIff tf] tx; gx; x'cf xL x} . a] / f] huf/ L ;a;] Hofbf a9ÞL x} . j} b] lzs / f] huf/ s] sf/ 0f ;dfh d] + ax't ;f/ L s'/ Llt cfO{ x} . hxfF ts ;+ljwfg agg] sL aft x} tf] ls;L k|sf/ sL ;Defjgf gxL+ lbvtL x} . xf] uf eL s} ;] < oxfF tf] ljsf; sL / fhgLlt sd cf} / ljgfz sf Hofbf x} .

jt{dfg ;/ sf/ ;] ;+ljwfg sL ;Defjgf cf} / cfGbf] ngsL pknlAw s] ljifo d]+ ;j{;fwf/ 0f sL k|ltlqmof

u0f] z r} tGo a|x\drf/ L;dfh ;] jL

;'/ ] Gb| s'df/ e08f/ L;lrj

hgsk'/ pBf] u jfl0fHo ;+3

rGbf ;fxhgsk'/

bLks euthgsk'/ wfd

ah/ +u k|;fb ;fxk"j{ d] o/

hgsk'/ wfd

;'lgns'df/ l;+x

;fs]t cf>dxlycf}n–#, ;nf{xL, g]kfn

gj jif{ @)&@ ;fn s] pknIo d]+ ;Dk"0f{ b]zjf;L d]+ ;':jf:Yo Pj+ bL3f{o' sL xflb{s

d+undo z'esfdgf JoQm s/t] x}+ .

ljZn]if0f

cfd hgtf O{dfGfbf/ g] tf sL tnfz d] + x} hf] hgtf sL efjgf ;dem ;s] , b] z sf lrGtt s/ ;s] , zflGt ;'/ Iff sL cg'e"lt lbnf ;s] . n] lsg P] ;f nL8/ g tf] kIf s] g] tf d] + lbv / xf x} cf} / g xL ljkIfL bnf] + d] + .


dw]z

g] kfn ;befjgf kf6L{ Pj+ ;+3Lo ;b\efjgf kf6L{ s] aLr x'O{ PsLs/ 0f s]

afb ca ox sof; nufP hf / x] x} + ls Sof cGo dw] zjfbL bn eL O;L / fx k/ rn] +u] of lkm/ cnu 8kmnL cf} / cnu / fu xL cnfkt] / x] +u] .

g] ;kf cf} / ;+;kf s] PsLs/ 0f sf k|of; lk5n] ;ft dxLgf+] ;] rn / xf yf . zt{, a] zt{ tyf cflv/ d] + dfd'nL ztf] { k/ ox PsLs/ 0f ;+ej xf] kfof . PsLs/ 0f s] afb kf6L{ sf gfd g] kfn ;b\efjgf kf6L{ xL xf] uf hals O;s] cWoIf clgn emf xf] +u] . jxL+ ;x cWoIf >LdtL ;l/ tf lu/ L xf] +uL . kf6L{ sf gfd, em08f, r'gfj lrGx ;eL g] ;kf sf xL / x] uf . O; PsLs/ 0f s] afb hFxf Ps cf] / ;+ljwfg ;ef d] g] kfn ;befjgf kf6L{ sf k|ltlglwTj ca d'dlsg xf] kfof x} jxL+ clgn emf p; P] ltxfl;s Pj+ uf} / jzfnL kf6L{ s] cWoIf agg] d+] ;kmn x'P x} + lh;sf g] t[Tj seL uh] Gb| gf/ fo0f l;+x lsof s/ t] y] of lkm/ >LdtL cfGfGbL b] jL l;+x tyf ;l/ tf lu/ L g] lsof yf . cys k|oTgf] s] afjh"b cGo nf] u O; PsLs/ 0f cleofg d] ;kmn gxL+ xf] kfo] y] . tyf cnu r'gfj lrGx n] s/ pGx] / fhgLlt s/ gL k8ÞL . ;befjgf gfdwf/ L ;+u7g b] z d] + ceL eL x} k/ Gt' uh] Gb| gf/ fo0f l;+x tyf cfGfGbL b] jL l;+x sL g] t[Tj jfnL kf6L{ tf] jxL x} lh;sf r'gfj lrXg k+hf x} .

O; PsLs/ 0f ;] Ps cf} / g] ;kf sf] ;+;b d] ljut @$ jiff] { ;] k|ltlglwTj s/ g] sf qmd lkm/ ;] h'8Þ uof x} jxL+ kf6L{ ox bfj] s] ;fy sx ;stL x} ls k] 8Þ, ;"o{ Pj+ xn s] jfb k+hf 5fk g] eL nuftf/ @$ jiff] { ;] ;+;b d] k+|ltlglwTj lsof . O; PsLs/ 0f ;] Ps nfe ox eL x'cf sL dw] z s] ljleGg uf+jf] d] xhf/ f] + P] ;] nf] u x} + hf] uh] Gb| afa' sL kf6L{ tyf g] ;kf s] ;fy h'8Þgf rfx / x] y] k/ Gt' kf6L{ sL hh{/ ;+u7gfTds cj: yf s] sf/ 0f j] nf] u vfdf] z / xgf clws k;Gb s/ t] y] . k/ Gt' ca pgsL b'ljwf eL ;dfKt xf] uO{ x} tyf nf] u O;;] h'8Þg] nu] y] .

dw] zjfbL bnf+] sL Ps sdhf] / L ox eL / xL x} ls Ps g] ;kf sf] 5f] 8Þ afsL dw] zjfbL bn Pj+ p;sf g] t[Tj hfltjfb s] cf/ f] kf]+ ;] ] d'St gxL+ / xf . dw] zjfbL bn gfd s] tf] dw] zjfbL x} + k/ Gt' Jojxf/ d] hfltjfb xfjL x} . oxL sf/ 0f / xf x} ls ax't sd ;do d] + xL kmf] / d Pj+ tdnf] kf h} ;] bnf] sf] ljefhg ;] bf] –rf/ xf] gf k8Þf .

dw] zjfbL bn rn] y] dw] z d] g] kfnL

sf+u|] ; Pj+ g] skf Pdfn] sf ljsNk agg] tyf dfcf] jfbL s] k|efj sf] / f] sg] k/ Gt' kb Pj+ ;Qf sL nfn;f s] sf/ 0f j] ;eL pk/ L tf} / k/ tf] dw] zL Pstf sf gf/ f b] t] y] k/ Gt' cfGtl/ s ¿k d] + Ps b";/ ] sL 6f+u lv+rfO{ d] s] lGb|t xf] s/ / x uP . ;+u7g lj: tf/ s] gfd k/ Ps b";/ ] s] ;+u7g sf] sdhf] / s/ gf tyf cf/ f] k k|Tof/ f] k eL Ps b";/ ] k/ xL s/ g] nu] gtLhtg ckgL ljZj;gLotf uFjfg] nu] cf} / dw] z sL hgtf eL a8] Þ bnf] k/ xL e/ f] ;f s/ g] nuL . ax't sd ;do d] + dw] zjfbL bnf] + g] ljZj;gLotf u+jf bL . kxnL ;+ljwfg ;ef d] O;s] ;ef;bf] + g] sltko cR5] sfd eL lsP . ;/ sf/ d]+ / xs/ al9Þof sfd eL x'cf x} , k/ Gt' O;sf k|rf/ nf] uf+] ts ;xL t/ Ls] ;] gxL+ xf] kfof . a8Þ] bnf+] s] g] tf Pj+ sfo{stf{ Ogs] pk/ tdfd ;f/ ] cf/ f] k nuft] / x] k/ Gt' cf/ f] kf] + sf v08g s/ g] s] ahfo o] nf] u Ps cfk; d] xL n8Þt] / x] . jt{dfg cj: yf ox x} sL dw] zjfbL bn a8Þ] bnf] sf lk5nUu' ag s/ xL / fhgLlt s/ gf rfxt] x+} . sf] O{ bn g] kfnL sf+u|] ; sf s/ LaL x} tf] sf] O{ Pdfn] sf . Pdfcf] jfbL s] g] t[Tj d] tf] ;eL bn cfGbf] ng d+] x} xL . a8] Þ bnf] ;] ;xfg'e"lt ;dy{g Pj+ ;xof] u sL pDdLb / vgf 3fts ;flat xf] / xf x} . dw] zjfbL bn a8Þ] bnf+] s] ;fy ghbLsL agfg] s] ahfo cu/ cfk; d] + Psh"6 xf] s/ Ps ;zSt df] rf{ agft] x+} tf] ox sxL+ clws sf/ u/ ;flat xf] ;stf x} .

Sof sf/ 0f x} ls lj=;+=@)^#.)^$ s] dw] z cfGbf] ng ;/ Lvf ox cfGbf] ng k|efjsf/ L ;fljt gxL xf] kf / xf x} < O; cf] / dw] zL bnf+]

sf Wofg hfgf rflxP < ceL eL cu/ ;eL dw] zL bn Psh"6 xf] s/ df] rf{ agfP tf] pgsf cfGbf] ng k|efjsf/ L ;flat xf] ;stf x} .

g] ;kf Pj+ ;;kf PsLs/ 0f s] afb ca cGo dw] zjfbL bnf] sf] eL O; lbzf d+] sbd a9Þfgf rflxP . lhGx+] lhGbuL e/ cWoIf ag] / xg] sL rfxt x} tyf Ps Sna sL t/ x kf6L{ sf] rnfgf rfxt] x} + pGx] tf] zfob clk|o xL nu] uf k/ Gt' lhGx+] ;rd'r dw] lzof] + sL lrGtf x} j] h¿/ xL PsLs/ 0f sf k|of; s/ gf rfx] +u] . ;+ljwfg ;ef s] r'gfj d+] ldnL c;kmntf s] afb g] kfnL sf+u|] ; Pj+ g] skf Pdfn] s] g] tfcf] s] Jo+u jf0f j} ;] xL dw] zjfbL bn s] sfo{stf{cf+] sf dgf] an sdhf] / lsP x'P x} . g] tfcf] + s] kf; eL Pdfn] g] tfcf] + s] ;jfnf+] sf dfs"n hafj gxL+ xf] tf x} . P] ;L cj: yf d] Psh'6tf xL OGx+] arf ;stL x} . kb cf} / s';L{ sL nfnr g] kfnL sf+u|] ; Pj+ Pdfn] s] g] tfcf] d] + eL x} k/ Gt' Ogs] g] tfcf] + s] kf; uha sL xhd Ifdtf x} dw] zjfbL bnf] + s] g] tf v'ns/ ;/ sf/ k/ cf/ f] k gxL nuf kf / x] x+} . sf7df08' sL dLl8of tf] Ogs] lj/ f] w d] + x} xL . dw] z s] uf+jf] d] + hfs/ eL j] ckgL af+t] gxL sx kf / x] x} + . ;+3Lotf hf] sL dw] zjfbL bnf] s] lnP hLjg d/ 0f sf k|Zg x} . O;s] lnP pGx] + tLg df] rf{ k/ sfd s/ gf xf] uf . kxnf g] ;kf s] t/ x kf6L{ PsLs/ 0f s/ gf O;sf l;km{ cf] / l;km{ dw] zjfbL bnf] sL df] rf{ cf] / tL;/ f xfn s] tL; bnLo df] rf{ d+] ckgL e"ldsf sf] g] t[TjbfoL agfgf . ;a;] a] xt/ ljsNk tf] PsLs/ 0f xL x} .

Ps cR5L kxn

>Ldg gf/ fo0f



gjjif{ @)&@ s] z'ecj;/ k/ ;d: t snjf/ aGw" tyf b] zjf;L d] + ;':jf:Yo Pj+ bL3f{o' sL xflb{s d+undo z'esfdgf JoQm s/ t] x}+ .

xflb{s z'esfdgf

nIdLgf/fo0f rf}w/LcWoIf

snjf/ ;]jf ;bg;fg]kf–#, nlntk'/,

gjjif{ @)&@ s] z'ecj;/ k/ ;d: t Zofdf–Zofd wfd lgsf]z]/f 6f]n ljsf;

;+:yf kl/jf/ s] ;b:o Pj+ ;d:t b] zjf;L d] + ;':jf:Yo Pj+ bL3f{o' sL xflb{s d+undo

z'esfdgf JoQm s/ t] x}+ .

xflb{s z'esfdgf

lul/hfgGbg ld>cWoIf

Zofdf–Zofd lgsf]z]/f 6f]n ljsf; ;+:yf kl/jf/

eQmk'/


Ph. 06272 223084

CENTRAL SECONDARY SCHOOLMISHRATOLA, DARBHANGA

CBSE WITH HOSTEL

pTs[i6 lzIff sL 7f]; cfwf/lznf

ljBfno s] cu|ufdL z}lIfs ljsf; sf d'Vo >]o oxfF sfo{/t bIf Pj+ ;dlk{t lzIfs ;d"x sf] x} . oxL sf/0f x} ls ox ljBfno cNk

;do d]+ cu|u0o agf x'cf x} . aRrf]+ s] ax'd'vL ljsf; s] k|lt ljBfno k|a+wg xd]zf ;r]i6 agf /xtf x} .

lgb]{zsztLzs'df/ l;+x



ljrf/ dLdf+zf

nf] stGq k|flKt s] afb ls;L ;do hgtf s] xf] 7f] + ;] oxL jfSo pRrl/ t xf] tf / xtf yf ls ca b] z d] + e|i6frf/ xTof, ck/ fw d'St ;dfh sf lgdf{0f xf] uf cf} / dflkmof d'St : jf: Yo lzIff If] q xf] uf . / fhgLlts ;+qmd0fsfn s] cGt xf] g] s] afb / fi6« ;d[l4 sL cf] / a9] Þuf k/ x'cf pN6f . u0ftflGqs nf] stGq cfg] s] afb / fi6« dflkmof tGq d] + km+;s/ / x uof x} . dflkmofs/ 0f / fi6« s] : j?k sf] xL s'?k s/ lbof x} . lzIff–: jf: Yo If] q tf] JofKt dflkmofs/ 0f s] sf/ 0f O; k|sf/ b'Zrs| d] + km+;s/ / x uof x} , lh;;] lgsngf b'?x xf] uof x} . ljZjljBfno ;] n] s/ sf‘n] h cflb ;eL lzIff If] q s] k|d'v nf] u efua08f sf] k|d'v cfwf/ agfs/ cfu] a9g] sf] ckgL lgolt agf r's] x} + . efua08f s] cfwf/ k/ cfu] a9g] jfnf nf] stGq ;] cfh sL r] tgzLn kL9ÞL lrlGtt x} . olb efua08f s] xL cfwf/ k/ b] z sf] cfu] a9Þfgf nf] stflGqs nIo yf tf] k+rfotL zf;g of / fhtGq sf] Sof] + s;'/ bf/ cfhts 7x/ fof hf / xf x} <

cfh s] nf] stflGqs kl/ j] z d] + bnut efuj08f sf] b/ lsgf/ s/ Odfgbf/ ljifout of If] qut lj1tf s] cfwf/ k/ JolSt sf] rolgt s/ pRr kbf] + k/ lgo'St s/ gf rflxo] yf, k/ P];f xf] g ;sf . lh;;] b] z d] + rf/ f] + cf] / lg/ fzf xL lg/ fzf JofKt x} . ljZjljBfno s] eL;L, / ] S6/ , / lhi6«f/ cflb sL lgo'lSt kf6L{ s] em08f p7fg] s] cfwf/ k/ hf] xf] / xf x} p;;] seL b] z sf ljsf; gxL xf] g] jfnf x} . O;L t/ x sL lgo'lSt g] d] l8sn dflkmof sf] hGd lbof x} cf} / O;L sf/ 0f ;[hg 8f= uf] ljGb s] ;L sf] kf+rjL af/ cfd/ 0f cgzg k/ a} 7g] sf] afWo lsof x} .

k|wfgdGqL sf] O/ fnf åf/ f lr7\7L k|] lift s/ g] s] afb 8f= s] ;L g] ;fs{ s] ;do xf] g] jfn] ckg] cfd/ 0f cgzg sf] : ylut lsof yf . k|d sL lr7\7L d] + lnvf uof yf ls k|lqmof d] + / xg] jfn] d] l8sn sf‘n] hf] + sf ;DaGwg tTsfn : ylut lsof hfPuf . / fi6«Lo lrlsT;f tyf : jf: y lzIff gLlt pRr: t/ Lo ;ldltåf/ f gLlt agfg] s] afb dgdf] xg d] df] l/ on, lkk'N; 8] 06n, sf7df8f} F g] zgn d] l8sn tyf g] kfn k|x/ L d] l8sn Og rf/ f] + sf] ;DaGwg k|lqmof sfg'g s] d'tflas ;DaGwg lbof hfo . O;L cfwf/ k/ kf+rjL af/ cfd/ 0f cgzg k/ 8f= s] ;L a} 7g] sf lg0f{o lnof . k|wfgdGqL, lzIffdGqL

g] lq=lj=lj= Pj+ ljZjljBfno lrlsT;f zf: q cWoog ;+: yfg-cfO{cf] Pd_sf] lgb] {zg b] g] s] afb u'?af/ ljefuLo af] 8{ sL a} 7s g] ;DaGwg gxL+ b] g] sf lg0f{o lsof k/ lkm/ s] ;L cgzg s/ g] sL t} of/ L d] + x} Sof]+ < pgsf sxgf x} ls d] / L df+u a} 7s s] lg0f{o d] + ;Lldt gxL+ x} . pgsf sxgf x} ls ljefuLo af] 8{ sf lg0f{o cf+lzs c+z sf] xL ;Daf] wg lsof x} . d+} g] sxf yf k|wfgdGqL s] ;fy–;fy Gofofno clVtof/ b'?kof] u cg';Gwfg cfof] u s] k|d'vf] + s] pk/ eL sf/ afO{ xf] . kf+rjL ljGb' d] + d} +g] df+u lsof x} ls ;xdlt pNn+3g s/ g] jfn] lzIffdGqL k/ eL sf/ afO{ sL hfo . pgsf ox eL sxgf x} ls d] l8sn sf+pl;n cf} / cfO{cf] Pdåf/ f lno] hfg] jfn] ljz'4 k|fljlws lg0f{of] + d] + cbfnt åf/ f af/ –af/ cljrfl/ t of cjf+l5t x: tIf] k s/ t] x'P u'0f: t/ xLg sf‘nf] hf] + d] + ;L6 gxL+ 36fg] sf lg0f{o s/ gf, k|j] z k/ LIff d] + gxL+ a} 7g] jfn] ljBfyL{ tyf cg'QL0f{ ljBfyL{ sf] eL k9Þg] b] g] sf lg0f{o b] s/ lg/ k] If b08xLgtf sL l: ylt sL ;[hg sL uO{ x} . P] ;] lg0f{o s] ;Gbe{ d] + hfFr k8Þtfn s/ sf/ afO{ xf] oxL d] / L b";/ L df+u x} . O; k|sf/ / fHo sf ;+j] bgzLn If] q, : jf: Yo–lzIff, d] l8sn sf‘n] h cflb dflkmof s] b'Zrs| d] + km+;tf hf / xf x} . O; sf/ 0f d'em] ox df+u s/ gf k8Þ / xf x} .

pSt rf/ d] l8sn sf‘n] hf] + sf] ;DaGwg lbnfg] s] lnP k|d'v kfl6{of] + s] zLif{: y g] tfcf] + s] bafa Pj+ 8f= s] ;Låf/ f ls;L eL l: ylt d] + ;DaGwg gxL+ b] g] s] bafa s] aLr 8f= s] =;L= sf cfd/ 0f cgzg kf+rjL+ af/ Uof/ x lbg ;] rn / xf x} . 8f= s] =;L= s] ;dy{g d] + ;Dk"0f{ lrlsT;f If] q tyf ;Dk"0f{ gful/ s ;dfh sL P] Soa4tf sL nx/ hf] / ks8Þ r'sL x} . O; l: ylt d] + eL ;/ sf/ sL b[li6 O; cf] / Sof] +

gxL+ hf / xL x} oxL lrGtf sf ljifo x} . P] ;L cj: yf d] + lgZro xL sxf hf ;stf x} ls ;/ sf/ L b[li6 d] l8sn dflkmof sL cfly{s lu4 b[li6 sf] xL ultzLn agfg] d] + ;xof] u b] / xL x} . Sof] +ls ;DaGwg s] kIf d] + ;/ sf/ Pdfn] kf6L{ s] zLif{: y k+lSt s] g] tfu0f ;fd–bfd–e] b–gLlt sf] ckgft] x'P hf] 8Þ tf] 8Þ d] + ;+nUg x} . k|d sf] O/ fnf sL l: ylt nfrf/ , lg/ Lx Pj+ ;+j] bgxLg agL x'O{ x} . O;sf b'ikl/ 0ffd Sof xf] uf ;do atfPuf . n] lsg cfh sL cj: yf d] + : jf: Yo ;] jf k|fKt xf] g] ;] j+lrt d/ Lhf] + sL dfgl;s cj: yf ls; l: ylt ;] u'h/ / xL xf] uL csNkgLo x} . lkm/ eL jQ{dfg ;/ sf/ s'Des/ 0fLo cj: yf d] + ;f] O{ x'O{ x} . O;] sf} g ;L ;+j] bg z'Gotf sL ;+1f bL hfo < hgk|ltlglw u0f b]z sf] ;d[4 agfg] s] abn] ckg]–ckg] kIf s] lghL d]l8sn sf‘n]hf]+ sf] ;+a+wg lbnfg] s] lnP bafj ;[h{gf s/gf sxfF ts Gofof]lrt x} <

8f= s] ;L sf bl ;"qLo df+u xf] g] k/ eL d'Vo df+u lrlsT;f lzIff gLlt lgdf{0f gxL+ xf] g] ts go] d] l8sn sf‘n] hf] + sf ;DaGwg gxL b]g] sf x} . O; s] cltl/Qm lrlsT;f ljZjljBfno ;DefJotf cWoog ;ldlt cf} / lrlsT;f lzIff / fi6«Lo dfkb08 lgwf{/ 0f ;ldlt åf/ f k|bt k|ltj] bg tTsfn sfof{lGjt s/ g] sL df+u d'Vo x} . ljut d] + x'P ;demf} t] sf] olb ;/ sf/ O{dfgbf/ L k"j{s nfu" s/ tL x} tf] s] ;L sL jt{dfg cgzg ;d: of ;dfwfg xf] ;stL x} . O; ;Gbe{ d] + k|wfgdGqL ;'zLn sf] O/ fnf sf] rflxo] ls k|wfgdGqL s] pRr kbLo bfloTj sf] lgjf{x s/ t] x'P b"/ bzL{ g] tf ags/ x: tIf] k s/ ] + cf} / Odfgbf/ of] Uo e|i6frf/ lj/ f] wL JolQm 8f= s] ;L sL cflTds OR5f sf] k"/ f s/ g] s] lnP cfu] a9Þ]+ . O;L d] + nf] stflGqs g] kfn / fi6« sf sNof0f cf} / k|d sL ul/ dfk"0f{ kbLo dxQf ;+/ lIft xf] uf .

/d]z emf

Sof nf] stGq sL afWotf x} , 8f= s] =;L sf cgzg <


ut kmfNu'g ! ut] @)jL+ hgo'4 lbj; dgft] jQm kfFr dfcf] jfbL kf6L{ g] kfFr : yfg d] + sfo{qmd / vf yf . n] lsg Ps dxLgf s] afb pQm kfFr dfcf] jfbL kf6L{ s] g] tf, Pstf s] gfd d] + Ps xL d~r d] + lbvg] nu] x+} . ;Qfwf/ L bn s] lj?4 ;+o'Qm cfGbf] ng 3f] if0ff s/ g] jfn] o] kfFr dfcf] jfbL s] aLr Sof ;rd'r d] + xL kf6L{ Pstf xf] / xL x} < olb PsLs/ 0f k|of; ;r x} tf] k|r08 ;+ljwfg;ef 5f] 8Þg] s] lnP t} of/ xf] uP x} + of j} B nufot cGo dfcf] jfbL ;d"x ;+ljwfg;ef dfgg] s] lnP < O; k|Zg sf 7f] ; hjfa ls;L s] kf; gxL+ x} . O;LlnP ax; tf] xf] ;stL x} , n] lsg dfcf] jfbL Pstf xf] uL, ox ljZjf; ls;L sf] eL gxL+ x} .

ljz] iftM o'4sfnLg d'2f ;DaGwL ljifo sf] n] s/ xfn xL d] + ;jf] {Rr cbfnt åf/ f lsof uof km} ;nf xL dfcf] jfbL g] tfcf] + sf] Ps hux h'6fg] sf sf/ 0f agf x} . b";/ f, ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rg d] + nHhf: kb k/ fho xf] gf, ckg] xL cnu kf6L{ agfg] jfn] sdhf] / xf] t] hfgf, / fHo s] x/ lgsfo d] + sf+u|] ;–Pdfn] sf jr{: j / xgf cf} / dfcf] jfbL s] lnP ckg] cl: tTj / Iff s/ gf xL k|d'v r'gf} tL agt] hfgf, cflb ax't s'5 sf/ 0f

sf] n] s/ eL dfcf] jfbL kf6L{ …Pstf ax;Ú d] + h'6L x'O{ x} . Pstf ax; s] kL5] Ps cf} / / fh eL x} . jx ox x} ls kf6L{ Pstf sf xNnf rnf s/ JolQmut : jfy{ l;4 s/ gf . ;eL dfcf] jflbof] + d] + O; t/ x sf : jfyL{ tf] gxL+ xf] ;stf, n] lsg k|d'v sxnfg] jfn] bf] dfcf] jfbL s] eLt/ O; t/ x s] JolQm ;lqmo x} + . Pstf s] kIf d] + tLj| ¿k d] + ultzLn eL P] ;] xL nf] u xf] / x] x} + . kf6L{ Pstf xf] of gxL+, O; ckmjfx km} nfg] ;] ;a;] Hofbf kmfobf d] + Pdfcf] jfbL tyf p;s] cWoIf k|r08 xL x} + . ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f s] ;jfn d] + dha"t agt] hf / x] sf+u|] ;–Pdfn] u7aGwg sf] O; ckmjfx ;] lxnf ;st] x} +, P] ;f cg'dfg k|r08 sf x} . : jo+ k|r08 sf] eL ktf x} – tTsfn kf6L{ Pstf ;Dej gxL+ x} . k|r08 tyf Pdfcf] jfbL s] lnP tf] ox Pstf tTsfnLg cfjZostf eL gxL+ xf] ;stL . dfcf] jfbL 36s d] + ;] ;a;] a8Þ] bn sf] xL O;sL cfjZostf gxL+ x} tf] kf6L{ Pstf s} ;] ;Dej xf] ;s] uL <

xfF, Ps zt{ d] + kf6L{ Pstf xf] ;stL x} . zt{ x} – PsLs[t kf6L{ sf cWoIf : jo+ k|r08 sf] xL ;'lglZrt s/ jfgf . ha ts O;sL sf] O{ Uof/ ] G6L gxL+ xf] uL, ta ts tf] kf6L{ Pstf ;Dej gxL+ x} . : d/ 0fLo x} , dfcf] jfbL s] gfd d] + lhtgL eL kfl6{ofF x+} , kf6L{ ;]

cnu xf] g] jfn] ;eL g] sxf x} ls O;sf k|d'v sf/ 0f cWoIf k|r08 tyf pgsf g] t[Tj xL x} . k|r08 s] sf/ 0f xL dfcf] jfbL kf6L{ sL b'u{lt xf] / xL x} , P] ;f cg'ej kf6L{ ;] cnu xf] g] jfn] ;eL s/ / x] x} + . Oltxf; ;fIfL x} ls ;do–;do d] + ;/ sf/ tyf kf6L{ d] + k|fKt xf] g] jfn] ;Defljt kb ;DaGwL ljjfb sf] n] s/ ax; s/ gf cf} / kf6L{ ljefhg s/ gf dfcf] jfbL sL lgolt ag r'sL x} . ceL Pstf s] lnP hf] ax; xf] / xL x} , p; d] + eL l;4fGt, d'2f, sfo{gLlt tyf / 0fgLlt cflb ljifo d] + ax; xf] gf sf] O{ goL aft gxL+ x} . lh; t/ x sf eL zAbhfn a'g s/ ax; lsof hfP, km"6gf cf} / h'6gf ox ;eL 36gf : jfy{ s] cf;kf; xL s] lGb|t x} . O;lnP PsLs/ 0f ax; ;Lldt ax; d] + ;Lldt / xg] sL ;Defjgf Hofbf x} . Sof] +ls kf6L{ ljeflht s/ g] jfn] ;eL g] tf k'gM k|r08 sf xL g] t[Tj : jLsf/ s/ g] jfn] gxL+ x+} cf} / k|r08 ckg] kb 5f] 8Þg] jfn] gxL+ .

j} ;] tf] ceL / fhgLlts l;4fGtjfb, sfo{lbzf, g] t[Tj cflb cg] s b[li6sf] 0f ;] eL ax; xf] / xL x} . kf6L{ Pstf s] gfd d] + ul7t jftf{ sld6L g] lbvfg] s] lnP xL ;xL, Pstf s] lnP ;ft cfwf/ agfo] x} + . ;} 4flGts cf} / / fhgLlts cfwf/ s] gfd d] + t} of/ lso] uo]

k|r08 ;+ljwfg;ef 5f] 8Þ s/ Pstf s/ ] +u] of j} B sf] ;+ljwfg;ef : jLsf/ s/ f s/ <

ljZn]if0f

a]jhx sL Pstf ax;nLnfgfy uf}td


pQm Pstf k|: tfj d] + dfn] dfjfb sL / Iff, k|of] u cf} / ljsf; sf sfof{Gjog, g] kfnL qmflGt sf : j¿k, / 0fgLlt, sfo{gLlt cf} / ljsf;, ;+;bjfb cf} / ;+;b sf pkof] u, k|of] u ;DaGwL ljifo cflb pNn] v x+} . O;L t/ x ;fdflhs qmflGt cf} / ¿kfGt/ 0f s] lnP an k|of] u sf l;4fGt, p;sf : j¿k cf} / sfof{Gjog, ljut d] + x'P sdL–sdhf] / L sf 7f] ; d"Nof+sg cf} / kf6L{ ;'b[9ÞLs/ 0f, hgjfbL s] Gb|Lotf s] ;DaGw d] + ;[lht wf/ 0ff, d"Nof+sg cf} / ax; sf] kf6L{ Pstf s] lnP k|d'v cfwf/ dfgf uof x} . n] lsg ox ;a lbvfg] s] lnP cR5f x} , Jojxf/ d] + s'5 eL sfof{Gjog gxL+ xf] / xf x} cf} / xf] g] jfnf eL gxL+ x} .

l;km{ dfcf] jfbL s] cGb/ xL gxL+, sDo'lgi6 gfdwf/ L x/ ] s kf6L{ cf} / g] tfcf] + d] + j} rfl/ s : ki6tf gxL+ x} . å} w rl/ q cf} / lqmofsnfk d] + xL j] nf] u ckgL / fhgLlt sL v] tL rnf / x] x} + . ox Oltxf; åf/ f k|dfl0ft ;To x} . ;eL g] ckg] : jfy{ cf} / cj;/ s] cg';f/ xL sDo'lgi6 bz{g s] ;DaGw d] + JofVof cf} / ax; lsof x} . dfcf] jfbL

ljZn]if0f

sf] O{ eL dfcf] jfbL g] skf Pdfn] sf] sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ : jLsf/ g] s] lnP t} of/ gxL++ x} . n] lsg jxL kf6L{ ceL ;a;] a8ÞL sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ s] ¿k d] + ;+;b d] + x} + . ljleGg 6's8 Þf] d] + ljeQm dfcf] jfbL s] aLr cu/ Pstf gxL+ xf] tf] eljio d] + Pdfn] sf xL jr{: j sfod / xg] jfnf x} . sDo'lgi6 s] gfd d] + Pdfn] sf] gfk;Gb s/ g] jfn] kfFr dfcf] jfbL s] lnP ox a8ÞL r'gf} tL x} .

‘PsLs/ 0f s] gfd d] + eL P] ;L ax; xf] / xL x} . ceL tf] ljleGg ;d"x d] + ljeflht dfcf] jfbL xL O; ;d: of ;] Hofbf ;+qmldt xf] / x] x} + . O; cj: yf d] + pgsf ;} 4flGts c8Þfg Sof x} , ox sf] O{ gxL+ ;dem kftf . sfo{lbzf cf} / / 0fgLlt eL k"j{–klZrd sL cf] / s] lGb|t x} .

dfcf] jfbL d] + ;] ;a ;] a8Þf bn Pdfcf] jfbL rfxtf x} – ;+ljwfg;ef ;] ;+ljwfg hf/ L xf] gf rflxP . b";/ ] a8] Þ bn sxnfg] jfn] g] skf–dfcf] jfbL -j} B ;d"x_ rfxtf x} – ;+ljwfg;ef e+u xf] gf rflxP cf} / uf] nd] r ;Dd] ng dfkm{t ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f s/ gf rflxP . g] qljqmd rGb g] t[Tj d] + / x] tL;/ f dfcf] jfbL ;d"x, hf] ckg] sf] ;a;] qmflGtsf/ L dfcf] jfbL eL atft] x} +, jx lkm/ Ps af/ qmflGt cf} / hgljb|f] x s/ gf rfxt] x} + . P] ;L cj: yf d] + Pstf s] lnP ax; s/ g] jfn] k|r08, Sof ;+ljwfg;ef 5f] 8Þg] s] lnP t} of/ x} + < ox tf] ;Dej gxL+ x} + . P] ;L cj: yf d] + kf6L{ Pstf s} ;] ;Dej / x] uL <

b";/ L t/ km k|r08 sf kf6L{ PsLs/ 0f ;DaGwL ax; l;km{ sf+u|] ; cf} / Pdfn] sf] lbvfg] s] lnP eL xf] / xf x} , P] ;L rrf{ eL xf] / xL x} . k|r08 sf cg'dfg x} ls sf+u|] ;–Pdfn] dfcf] jfbL kf6L{ sf PsLs/ 0f gxL+ rfxt] x} + . P] ;L cj: yf d] + PsLs/ 0f sf ax; lsof hfP tf] sf+u|] ;–Pdfn] sf] 8/ f s/ dfcf] jfbL Ph] 08f sf] : jLsf/ s/ g] s] lnP afWo agf ;st] x} + . lh;s] dfWod ;] k|r08 ;Qf cf} / zlQm sf jfu] {lgª eL s/ ;st] x} + . k|r08 sL O; t/ x sL dfgl;stf s] sf/ 0f eL Pstf ax; Hofbf rrf{ d] + cf / xf x} .

xfF, olb jf: tj d] + xL PsLs/ 0f rfxg] jfn] dfcf] jfbL sf] O{ x} tf] jx j} B ;d"x sL g] skf–dfcf] jfbL xf] ;stf x} . Sof] +ls g] qljqmd rGb| ljKnj g] j} B sf ;fy 5f] 8Þ s/ ha ckgL xL goL kf6L{ agf nL, p;s] afb j} B ;d"x Ph] 08f cf} / d'2fljxLg cj: yf


d] + kx'Fr uof x} . gofF hgjfbL qmflGt sf gf/ f nufg] jfn] j} B s] kf; ca P] ;f sf] O{ eL gf/ f gxL+ x} , hf] jx ckg] sfo{stf{ atf ;s] . P] ;L cj: yf d] + j} B ;d"x g] 7fg lnof x} ls ca tf] k|r08 ;d"x s] kf; nf} 6 s/ hfgf xL ckg] lnP lxts/ / x] uf . cyf{t\ ckgL cl: tTj / Iff s] lnP eL j} B ;d"x PsLs/ 0f s] lnP t} of/ xf] ;stf x} . Otgf xf] t] x'P eL j} B ;d"x s] ;eL g] tf k'gM k|r08 s] g] t[Tj : jLsf/ s/ ] +u] , ox tf] xf] xL gxL+ ;stf . O;sf ;+s] t eL ldn r'sf x} .

ljKnj ;d"x s] cnjf dft[sf ofbj cf} / dl0f yfkf s] g] t[Tj d] + eL cnu–cnu dfcf] jfbL kf6L{ cl: tTj d] + x} . hf] ceL ckgL cl: tTj / Iff sL n8ÞfO{ n8Þ / xf x} . n] lsg P] ;L xL cj: yf d] + kf6L{ Pstf xf] tf] PsLs[t kf6L{ s] eLt/ ofbj cf} / yfkf sf : yfg cf} / cl: tTj sxfF / x] uf < sf] O{ lglZrt gxL+ x} . n] lsg kf6L{ Pstf gxL+ xf] g] ;] pg nf] uf] + sL cj: yf h} ;L sL t} ;L xL / x] uL . O;LlnP dft[sf cf} / dl0f ;d"x s] lnP kf6L{ Pstf xf] of gxL+, O;;] vf; cGt/ k8Þg] jfnf gxL+ x} . j} ;] tf] dft[sf ofbj sL t'ngf d] + dl0f yfkf Pstf s] lnP s'5 hNbafhL d] + lbvfO{ b] t] x} + . O;s] kL5] Ps sf/ 0f eL x} . cGo rf/ kf6L{ sL t'ngf d] + yfkf d"n kf6L{ ;] ;a;] kxn] cnu x'P y] . O;LlnP kf6L{ rnfg] sf cg'ej cGo sL t'ngf d] + yfkf sf] s'5 Hofbf xL x} . xf] ;stf x} – pg sf] ktf rn r'sf x} ls kf6L{ rnfgf cf} / : yflkt s/ gf, ptgf ;xh gxL+ x} . kf6L{ s] lnP cfly{s ;|f] t h'6fgf cf} / sfo{stf{ sf kfng–kf] if0f s/ gf sd r'gf} tLk"0f{ gxL+ x} . ox aft, yfkf sf] dfn'd xf] r'sL x} . O;LlnP xf] ;stf x} ls yfkf PsLs/ 0f s] lnP ;sf/ fTds x} . kfFr dfcf] jfbL d] + ;] ;a;] qmflGtsf/ L lbvg] jfn] ljKnj ;d"x x} . pQm ;d"x d] + ceL bDe cf} / e|d x} ls ;eL qmflGtsf/ L sfo{stf{

xdf/ ] xL kf; x} + . O;LlnP pQm ;d"x Pstf s] gfd d] + s'5 Hofbf xL ax; cf} / jfu] {lgª s/ gf rfxtf x} . n] lsg lhtgL eL ax; cf} / afu] {lgª xf] hfP, ox ;a : jfy{ s] lGb|t xL / x] uf . lh;s] rnt] eL Pstf ptgL ;xh gxL+ lbvfO{ b] tL .

n] lsg Ps aft tf] ;r x} ls ;eL dfcf] jfbL s] kf; Ps 8/ x} . j] ;demt] x} + ls cu/ Pstf gxL+ xf] hfP tf] ckgf / fhgLlts eljio vt/ ] d] + k8Þ ;stf x} . O;LlnP ;eL dfcf] jfbL Pstf s] lnP ax; s/ g] s] lnP afWo x} + . sf/ 0f x} ls sf] O{ eL dfcf] jfbL g] skf Pdfn] sf] sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ : jLsf/ g] s] lnP t} of/ gxL++ x} . n] lsg jxL kf6L{ ceL ;a;] a8Þf sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ s] ¿k d] + ;+;b d] + x} + . ljleGg 6's8Þf] d] + ljeQm dfcf] jfbL s] aLr cu/ Pstf gxL+ xf] tf] eljio d] + Pdfn] sf xL jr{: j sfod / xg] jfnf x} . sDo'lgi6 s] gfd d] + Pdfn] sf] gfk;Gb s/ g] jfn] kfFr dfcf] jfbL s] lnP ox a8ÞL r'gf} tL x} . sf+u|] ; sf] k/ fho s/ g] sf ;kgf xf] of gxL+, n] lsg Pdfn] ;] sdhf] / xf] g] sf 8/ dfcf] jfbL d] + x} + . O;s] sf/ 0f eL Pstf–ax; ha/ b: t rn / xL x} . ox 8/ cf} / ax; ;] sfnfGt/ d] + g] tf–g] tf s] aLr Pstf xf] ;stL x} , n] lsg sfo{stf{ cf} / hgtf sf dg hLtgf Otgf ;xh gxL+ x} . Sof] +ls o'4sfnLg ;eL Odfgbf/ sfo{stf{ ceL dfcf] jfbL s] kf; gxL+ x} . ljleGg kf6L{ ;] dfcf] jfbL k|j] z s/ g] jfnf] + ;] seL eL kf6L{ dha"t gxL+ xf] uL . b";/ L aft dfcf] jfbL s] kf; hgtf sf juL{o w/ ftn eL gxL+ x} . pRr ju{ sf+u|] ; s] kf; x} tf] dWod ju{ Pdfn] s] kf; . lgDg juL{o hgtf sf ljZjf; dfcf] jfbL vf] r'sf x} . O;LlnP ceL dfcf] jfbL ljleGg hftLo gf/ f sf] xL ckg] / fhgLlts d'2f agf / xf x} . hftLo d'2f Ifl0fs sfn s] lnP k|efjsf/ L lbvfO{

eL b] / xf x} , n] lsg bL3{sfnLg / fhgLlt s] lnP ox gf/ f 7Ls gxL++ x} . ox ax; : jo+ dfcf] jfbL s] eLt/ eL rn / xf x} . O;L t/ x g] tfcf] + ;fdGtL hLjgz} nL, d'2f cf} / lbzfxLg / fhgLlts ofqf, nufot s'5 cf} / sf/ 0f eL x+} , lh;s] rnt] hgtf dfcf] jfbL ;] b"/ xf] t] hf / x] x} +, hf] dfcf] jfbL s] k|lt k'gM ljZjf; s/ g] d] + ;f} af/ ;f] r] +u] .

b";/ L ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rg d] + hgtf g] sf+u|] ;–Pdfn] sf] lhtfof x} . O;sf dtjn ox gxL+ x} ls hgtf sf+u|] ;–Pdfn] sf] rfxtL x} . sf/ 0f tf] ox x} ls hgtf dfcf] jfbL sf] gxL+ rfxtL x} . jf: tj d] + g] kfnL hgtf : yfoL ¿k d] + sf+u|] ;–Pdfn] tyf dfcf] jfbL, ls;L s] k|lt ;Gt'i6 gxL+ x} . P] ;L cj: yf d] + cu/ sf] O{ tL;/ L / fhgLlts zlQm cf hfP tf] hgtf p;L sf] ;dy{g s/ ] uL . cyf{t\ hgtf tL;/ L goL zlQm tnfz / xL x} . O; ;To sf] dfcf] jfbL s] s'5 g] tf ;demt] x} +, n] lsg p;s] cg';f/ j] ckg] sf] ;'wf/ gxL+ / x] x} + . ls;L s] lnP Pstf ax; s] kL5] ox eL Ps sf/ 0f xf] ;stf x} .

cf} / Ps aft, g] skf Pdfn] s] cWoIf s] kL cf] nL g] ax't af/ o'4sfnLg d'2f sf] n] s/ dfcf] jfbL g] tf sf] …cGt/ f{i6«Lo cbfnt x] uÚ kx'F'rfg] sL aft sxf x} . cf] nL zlQmzfnL cf} / dfcf] jfbL sdhf] / xf] t] hf / x] x} + P] ;L xL cj: yf d] + ;jf] {Rr cbfnt g] o'4sfnLg d'2f ;DaGwL Ps km} ;nf lsof x} . cf] nL sL af] nL cf} / ;jf] {Rr cbfnt s] km} ;n] sL t'ngf s/ t] x'P dfcf] jfbL g] tf ;z+lst eL xf] / x] x} + . cGt/ f{i6«Lo cbfnt …x] uÚ s] 8/ s] sf/ 0f eL dfcf] jfbL kf6L{ Pstf–ax; s] lnP afWo x} + . O;L sf kl/ 0ffd x} – kfFr dfcf] jfbL åf/ f 3f] lift ;+o'Qm cfGbf] ng .

xfF Pstf sL jf: tljs cfjZostf cf} / rfxgf lgrn] tx s] sfo{stf{cf] + sf] xf] ;stL x} . ceL eL dfcf] jfbL s] k|lt cf: yfjfg sfo{stf{ rfxt] x} + ls kf6L{ PsLs/ 0f xf] hfP tf] xd lkm/ kf6L{ zlQmzfnL agf ;st] x} + . ox ;kgf hfoh eL x} . O;s] lnP tf] g] t[Tj tx d] + : jfy{/ lxt ;xdlt aggf rflxP . ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f d] + ;xdlt rfxg] jfn] dfcf] jfbL, Sof kf6L{ PsLs/ 0f s] lnP ;xdlt s/ ;st] x} +} < x/ ;do ckg] cfk sf] xL zlQm cf} / g] t[Tj d] + / vg] jfn] g] tf, Sof sfo{stf{cf] + sL efjgf sf] ;Daf] wg s/ ;st] x} + < ha ts jt{dfg ;+ljwfg;ef åf/ f ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f xf] g] sf cfwf/ a/ s/ f/ / x] uf cf} / k|r08 g] t[Tj Tofug] s] lnP t} of/ gxL xf] +u] , ta ts kfFr dfcf] jfbL s] aLr ;fy{s PsLs/ 0f ;Dej gxL+ lbvfO{ b] tf . ax; tf] lhtgL eL s/ ;st] x} + Û

u0f] z ckm;] 6 k|] ;hgsk'/ wfd

gofF jif{ @)&@ s] ;'vb cj;/ k/ ;d:t u|fxs, z'elrGts tyf gu/ jf;L d] + pQ/ f] Q/ k|ult sL sfdgf s] ;fy xL xflb{s

d+undo z'esfdgf .

;eL k|sf/ sL 5kfO{, zfbL sf8{ Pj+ a's afOl08Ë s] lnP Ps df} sf cjZo b] + .

ljZn]if0f


g] kfn s] cGtl/ d ;+ljwfg @)^# s] wf/ f !%$ s] cg';f/ , g] kfn

;/ sf/ —dlxnf, blnt, cflbjf;L, hghflt, dw] ;L, ck+u, dhb"/ of ls;fg cflb ljljw If] q s] ;+/ If0f Pa+ k|aw{g x] t' cfjZos cfof] u sf u7g s/ ;stf x} . ;+ljwfg sL O;L wf/ f åf/ f lso] hfg] jfnL cGo cfof] u h} ;] ls dlxnf cfof] u, blnt cfof] u, d'l: nd cfof] u h} ;] cfof] u sf u7g g] kfn ;/ sf/ åf/ f kxn] xL s/ b] gf cf} / dw] ;L cfof] u k|lt ;/ sf/ sf df} g ax't s'5 ;f] rg] k/ dha"/ s/ tL x} .

sxf hftf x} ls xs df+ug] ;] gxL+ 5Lgg] ;] ldntf x} . s'5 O;L t/ x, lj= ;+=

@)^&—!)—^ ut] jsLn ;'lgn / +hg l;+x s] åf/ f ;'k|Ld sf] 6{ d] + dw] ;L cfof] u u7g s] lnP Ps l/ 6 bfo/ lsof uof .

df;"d aRrL k"hf ;fx s] anfTsf/ s] lj/ f] w d+] dfOtL3/ d+8nf d] + df] daTtL h'n"; lgsfNfg] sL t} of/ L sf lhDdf d'em] lbof uof yf,y8{ PnfoG; s] åf/ f . ;eL clwsf/ k] |ldof] + sf] zfd 5M ah] dfOtL3/ d+8nf kx'Frg] s] lno] ;dflhs ;+hfn km] ;a's cf} / 6jL6/ s] dfWod ;] ;"lrt lsof hf / xf yf . ts/ Lag $M#) d] + kmf] g cfof , / 0fwL/ hL dw] ;L cfof] u u7g s/ g] lnP ;'k|Ld sf] 6{ g] k/ dfb] z hf/ L s/ lbof . kmf] g yf jsLn lbk] Gb| emf sf . cf} / rf/ ;fn sL nDaL k|tLIff s] afb ;jf] {Rr cbfnt åf/ f kmfNu'g @% sf] k/ dfb] z hf/ L lsof uof . aft s'5 dxLg] kxn] sL x} . sfd/ ] 8 cf] nL g] kfnL dLl8of s] dfkmt{ af] n / x] y] ls g] kfn d+] dw] ; cf} / dw] ;L gxL+ x} . o"F sx] tf] ox cfof] u sfd/ ] 8 cf] nL sf] ;'k|Ld sf] 6{ åf/ f df/ f uof Ps tdfrf x} , clwstd l6Kk0fLsf/ f] + sf eL oxL dfggf x} .

Sof] + rflxo] dw] ;L cfof] u xd sxL+ eL cf/ If0f sf] 6f d+] cfj] bg

e/ t] x} + tf] xd] + ckgf OygL;L6L k|dfl0ft s/ jfgf k8Þtf x} . lhnf k|zf;g s] bkm\t/ f] sf rSs/ nufg] s] afb xd] + jx k|df0f ldntf x} , jx eL ls;L u} / dw] ;L k|zf;såf/ f . oxf‘ cnu cy{ gf nu] ls u} / dw] ;L g] kfnL gxL+ x} < ;/ n t/ Lsf ;] dw] ;L k|df0fkq k|fKt s/ g] s] lno] dw] ;L cfof] u : yfkgf xf] gf clt cfjZos x} . cfof] u gf xf] g] sL jhx ;] u} / dw] ;L eL dw] ;L k|dfl0ft s/ jf s] dw] ;L cf/ If0f sf n'Tkm p7ft] x} + . lh;sL k'li6 s/ tf x} , / flwsf lu/ L sf d'b\bf . hL xfF, lu/ L hf] sL Ps kxf8ÞL d'n sL dlxnf x} . lhNnf k|zf;g bkm\t/ ;] ckg] cfksf] dw] ;L k|dfl0ft s/ jf s] nf] s;] ] jf cfof] u txt csfpG6 cflkm;/ d] + dw] ;L cf/ If0f ;L6 s] dfWod ;] gf} s/ L k|fKt s/ nL . ;'k|Ld sf] 6{ d] + oflrsf eL bh{ lsof uof . km} ;nf d+] sxf uof, dw] ;L k|dfl0ft s/ g] sf lhDdf lhnf k|zf;g s] dftxt d] + x} . cf} / / flwsf lu/ L sf dw] ;L k|df0fkq sfg"gg

;+ut x} . O;Llno] O; d'b\b] sf] ;b/ lsof hftf x} . dw] ;L cfof] u sL zL3| : yfkgf sL cfjZostf O; Ps k|;+u ;] eL hflx/ xf] tL x} .

dw] ; cfGbf] ng s] kZrft rf/ d'b\bf— ;dfj] zL / fHo sf lgdf{0f, dw] l;of] + s] ;fy gful/ stf d] + xf] g] jfnL x/ ] s k|sf/ s] e] befj sf cGt, dw] lzof] + s] kxrfg sf] ;+j} wflgs ;'lglZrttf k|bfg s/ gf cf} / / fHo ;+/ rgf åf/ f xf] g] jfn] ;|f] t s] aF6jf/ ] d+] dw] l;of] + sf] a/ fa/ L sf lx: ;f . Og rf/ d'b\bf] + sf] cg'udg s/ g] jfnf lgsfo sf} g ;f x} < / fHo s] kf; sf] O{ g sf] O{ lgsfo tf] xf] gf rflxP . cGtl/ d ;+ljwfg s] wf/ f !%$ s] d'tflas Og rf/ d'b\bf] + sf] : yflkt s/ jfg] s] lnP dw] ;L cfof] u sf oyfzL3| : yfkgf h¿/ L x} .

cu/ ;dfGftf s] rZd] ;] b] vf hfP tf] , g] kfn ;/ sf/ åf/ f sfg'g kf; s/ , / fi6«Lo dlxnf cfof] u nufot cGo cfof] uf] + s] lnP eL sfg'g kf; s/ ljleGg cfof] u : yfkgf eL s/ r'sf x} . h} ;] ls– blnt cfof] u, d'l: nd cfof] u, cflbjf;L hghflt k|lti7fg . cu/ gxL+ agf x} tf] , dw] ;L cfof] u . cGtl/ d ;+ljwfg @)^# s] wf/ f !# -#_ åf/ f ;'lglZrt sL uO{ ;dfGftf s] l;¢fGt sf] nfu' s/ g] s] lno] dw] ;L cfof] u sL : yfkgf cfjZos x} .

g] kfn ;/ sf/ txt / fi6«Lo of] hgf cfof] u g] o"Pgl8kL s] ;xof] u d] @)!$ d] + dfgj ljsf; OG8] S; gfds Ps k|ltj] bg ;fj{hlgs lsof . lh;s] cWog s/ g] s] afb ;fkm ktf rntf x} , dw] ; nueu ;eL lhnf dfgj ljsf; s] x/ ] s ;'rf+s d] kL5] x} cf} / dWo kxf8ÞL e] u s] x/ ] s lhnf sL cj: yf dw] ; s] lhnf] + ;] a] xt/ x} . vf; s/ dWo kxf8ÞL lhnf] + d] + ;] sf7df08' 3f6L nufot k"j{ s] lhn] ;jf{lws ljsl;t lbvfP uP x} . jxL+ dw] ; s] xs d+] k;f{ ;] n] s/ ;Kt/ L ts s] lhnf+] sL cj: yf ;a;] Hofbf bogLo x} . k/ +t' P] ;f Sof] + < k"jL{ cf} / dWo t/ fO{ sL ;d[l¢ sf ckgf Oltxf; / x r'sf x} . k/ Og lbgf] + dfgj ljsf; s] ;"rf+sf] d] + s} ;] ;a ;] kL5] k8Þ uof < Sof ox lrGtf sf laifo gxL < lzIff If] q d] tf] l: ylt cf} / bb{gfs x} .

ljrf/

dw] ;L cfof] u k/ Ps gh/

/0fwL/ rf}w/L

vf; s/ dWo kxf8ÞL

lhnf] + d] + ;] sf7df08'

3f6L nufot k"j{ s]

lhn] ;jf{lws ljsl;t

lbvfP uP x} . jxL+

dw] ; s] xs d+] k;f{ ;]

n] s/ ;Kt/ L ts s]

lhnf+] sL cj: yf ;a;]

Hofbf bogLo x} . k/ +t'

P] ;f Sof] + <

‘


g] kfn ;/ sf/ åf/ f lso] uP lk5n] tLg hgu0fgf sf] cfwf/ dfgf hfo tf] , dw] z d+] lzIff sL l: ylt gLr] hftL lbv / xL x} . lj= ;+ @)$* s] hgu0fgf s] cg';f/ g] kfn s] !) sd lzlIft lhnf d] + dw] ; sf l;km{ Ps lhnf k8Þtf yf . lj= ;+ @)%* d] + # cf} / lj= ;+ @)^* d+] cf s/ !) d] + ;] ^ lhnf dw] ; sf x} . hals ;f/ f ;+;f/ lzIff s] If] q d] + k|ult sf cf;dfg 5" / xf x} , g] kfn s] xL ljs6 lhnf+] d] + lzIff sL l: ylt ;'w/ tL hf / xL x} . k/ +t' dw] z s] lhnf cf} / lzIff sf x|f; Sof] + < O; laifo k/ sf7df08' s] ;/ sf/ L sd{rfl/ of] + sf bnLn ;'g s/ chLa nutf x} . pgsf sxgf x} , dw] ; sL ox l: ylt ;f+: s[lts sf/ 0f ;] x'O{ x} . ;d[l¢ s] lx;fa ;] dw] ; ;a;] Hofbf ;d[¢ x'cf s/ tf yf . g] kfn sf clwsf+z k'/ fgf zx/ dw] ; d+] xL yf . zx/ lgdf{0f s] afb lzIff sf hfu/ 0f eL kxn] dw] ; d] + xL km} nf yf . g] kfn sf clwsf+z : s"n, sfn] h sf lgdf{0f dw] ; d] + xL lsof uof yf . lj= ;+ @))&÷ )* d+] sL uO{ hgu0fgf s] cg';f/ sf7df08f} 3f6L s] afb ;a;] clwstd ;fIf/ lhnf d] + ;Kt/ L sf gfd cftf yf . lj= ;+ @)@^ s] : gfts sfplG;n s] lgjf{rg d] + ;a;] clws : gfts k"/ f s/ g] jfnf] sL ;+Vof

;Kt/ L lhn] d] + yL . k|Zg p7tf x} ls, aLt] %) aif{ d] + dw] ; sL P] ;L l: ylt Sof] + xf] uO{ . ox s] jn ;f+: s[lts sf/ 0f ;] x'cf of / fHo sL gLlt cf} / ;+/ rgf s] sf/ 0f x'cf < Og ;eL ;jfnf] + s] hjfj 9"+9g] s] lno] cf} / l: ylt d] + hNb ;'wf/ nfg] s] lno] dw] ;L cfof] u sL oyfzL3| : yfkgf h¿/ L x} .

b] z s] ljleGg lgsfo sf cjnf] sg dw] ;L cfof] u åf/ f lsof hfouf . b] z d] + ls;L eL sf] g] d+] dw] ;L s] ;fy cu/ e] befj lsof hftf x} tf] p;sf 5fgaLg s/ g] sf lhDdf dw] ;L cfof] u sf] lbof hfouf gf sL ls;L cf} / sf] . dw] ; d] xf] g] jfnL x/ ] s ;fdflhs ;d: of sf] h8Þ ;] pvf8Þ km] +sg] sf bfloTj cfof] u sf xf] uf . dw] ;L ckgL ;d: of ckg] ckg] ;/ n cf} / ;'ne efiff d] + cfof] u d] / v ;st] x} + .

r'KkL cf} / rrf{dfggLo GofofwLz åo lul/ zrGb| nfn

cf} / lbks/ fh hf] zL s] ;+o'Q Ohnf; ;] dw] ;L cfof] u u7g s/ g] s] lno] k/ dfb] z hf/ L x'cf . g] kfnL dLl8of g] O;sf] cR5f sj/ ] h eL lbof . ;fdflhs ;+hfn d] dw] ;L cfof] u s] u7g sf] n] s/ ax't nf] uf+] g] ;sf/ fTds ck8] 6 lsof yf . cfof] u u7g s] d'b\b] d+] ax; s/ g] s]

lno] , jsLn ;'/ ] Gb| dxtf] , lbk] Gb| emf, ;'lgn / +hg l;+x cf} / uf] ljGb a+bL sf] awfO{ b] g] afnf] sL ;+Vof sd gxL yL km] ;a's k/ . n] lsg dw] zL hgtf / fhgLlts lst\tf ;] eL dw] ;L cfof] u sL cfjZostf k/ s'5 ;'ggf rfxtf yf . ;f] ;n dLl8of d+] ;lqmo / xg] jfn] dw] ;L g] tfcf] + sL t/ km ;] s'5 ck8] 6 b] vgf rfxtf yf . k/ +t' lg/ fz xf] gf k8Þf . O; k/ dfb] z sf] ;kmn agfg] d] + lh; t/ x sL phf{ sL cfjZostf x} jx lbv gxL / xL . j} ;] : yfg hxfF ;] a'n+b cfjfh cfgL rflxo] yL cfof] u : yfkgf s] lno] , jxFf l;km{ df} g lbvfO{ b] / xf x} .

cfof] u u7g s] lno] s} ;] cR5L l6=cf] =cf/ =-6d{ ckm l/ km] {G;_ agfof hfo O; k/ Wofg g b] s/ , sf} g sf} g cfof] u d] zfldn xf] uf < Sof–Sof ;'ljwfPF ldn] uL O;d+] < Og aftf] k/ rrf{ Jofks lbvfO b] tL x} , sf7df08f} d] + / x] s'5 dw] l;of] åf/ f .

Ps cleofg sf ¿k n] gf xf] uf O; cfof] u sf] . cfof] u sf] ljkmn agfg] d] of sx] + tf] cfof] u sf] ;Lldt bfo/ f d] / vs/ : yfkgf s/ jfg] s] lno] rf} tkmL] { k|of; hf/ L x} . xd+] p; k|of; sf] ljkmn agfgf xf] uf . Ps ;+sNk n] gf xf] uf, O; cfof] u sf] ;kmn agfg] sf .

ljrf/


8f] G6 cG8/ Ol: 6d] 6 b kfj/ cf‘km P sf‘dg d} g -Ps cfd cfbdL sL Ifdtf sf] seL sd dt cfFsf] _ . s'5 lbg kxn] ox ;+jfb ax't xL rrf{ d] + yf . jf‘nLj'8 s] rlr{t cleg] tf zfx?v vfg g] ckgL lkmNd r] GgO{ PS;k] |; d] + af/ af/ ox ;+jfb b'x/ fof yf . rnlrq d] + O; ;+jfb sf] yf] 8Þf xf: of: kb ¿k ;] k|: t't lsof uof yf n] lsg O; ;+jfb d] + sxL uO{ aft sf] ux/ fO{ ;] b] vf hfo tf] ax't a8ÞL aft sxL uO{ x} .

aft s/ / xL x"F, ef/ t s] gfufn] G8 sL / fhwfgL bLdfk'/ sL hxfF s'5 lbg kxn] lbn sf] bxnf b] g] jfnL Ps 36gf x'O{ . / fhwfgL bLdfk'/ l: yt cToGt xL ;'/ lIft dfgL hfg] jfn] h] n ;] Ps s} bL sf] ha/ b: tL ;8Þs

k/ lgsfnf uof . cfd nf] uf] + sL eL8Þ g] kxn] p;] kTy/ ;] df/ f cf} / lkm/ kL6–kL6 s/ xTof s/ bL . cf;fd s] / xg] jfn] km/ Lb sf] k'ln; g] @$ km/ j/ L sf] lu/ km\tf/ lsof yf Ps cflbjf;L dlxnf s] anfTsf/ s] cf/ f] k d] + . gfufn] G8 d] + sfg"g lqmofGjog d] + u+eL/ vfldofF x} + . zfob oxL sf/ 0f / xf xf] uf ls, jxfF s] nf] uf] + sf k'ln;, sfg"g cf} / Gofo k|0ffnL ;] ljZjf; p7 uof x} . pGx] + nuf ls cbfnt cf/ f] kL sf] ;hf gxL+ b] uL cf} / pg nf] uf] + g] v'b xL ;hf b] g] sL aft 7fg nL . gfufn] G8 d] + x'P 36gf sf ljZn] if0f s/ t] x'P dgf] j} 1flgs sxt]

x+} – ha ljZjf; 6"6tf x} tf] cfqmf] z hGd n] tf x} .

g] kfn sL eL xfnt s'5 P] ;L xL x} . cfd hgtf sf k'ln;, k|zf;g cf} / Gofo k|0ffnL ;] e/ f] ;f p7tf hf / xf x} . cf} /

oxfF eL clwsf+z km} ;n] nf] u ;8Þs s] dfWod ;] xL s/ jfgf rfxt] x} + . j} ;] lg/ fzf : jefljs eL x} . / fhwfgL s] cToGt Jo: t sxnfg] jfnf a;Gtk'/ Onfsf s] Ps 6\o';g ;] G6/ d] + cWoog s/ / xL bf] lszf] / L s] pk/ t] hfa km] +sf

hftf x} cf} / dxLgf u'h/ hfg] s] afb eL ck/ fwL sf] ks8Þf gxL+ hftf x} . b] z s] k|wfgdGqL ;'zLn sf] O/ fnf cf} / u[xdGqL afdb] j uf} td pN6] pg lszf] l/ of] + s] pk/ cf/ f] k nuft] x+} ls j] nf] u cg';Gwfg d] + ;xof] u gxL s/ / xL x} + . c: ktfn sL z} o\of k/ n] 6L lszf] / L sf] lhtgf ktf yf ;a hfgsf/ L k'ln; sf] b] r'sL n] lsg / fi6« sL afu8f] / yfd] k|wfgdGqL cf} / u[xdGqL lszf] l/ of] + k/ cf/ f] k nufs/ ckgf bfdg ;fkm s/ g] d] + nu hft] x} . j} ;] eL t] hfa cfqmd0f sf lzsf/ xf] g] s] afb, pkrf/ s] qmd d] + Ps cfbdL Otgf 8/ hftf x} ls jx s'5 atfg] nfos gxL+ / xtf, sf} g ;demfo] o] aft k|wfgdGqL sf] O/ fnf cf} / u[x dGqL uf} td sf] . cf} / lkm/ cu/ ;a aft kLl8Þt xL sx b] tf] xhf/ f] + xhf/ k'ln; sL Sof h¿/ t < cg';Gwfg ljefu s] nf] uf] + sf] Sof sfd < ckg] kl/ >d ;] sdfo] k} ;] ;] Sof] + k] 6 e/ ] pg nf] uf] + sf <

c: ktfn s] z} o\of k/ ;] ;Ldf a: g] t g] k|wfgdGqL sf] rf/ k] h nDaf kq e] h s/ ckgf b'Mv JoSt lsof x} . nDa] ;do ts ck/ fwL gxL ks8Þ] hfg] sf b'Mv JoSt s/ t] x'P jx sxtL x} – lhGxf] +g] d] / f ox xfn agfof p;] d[To'b08 sL ;hf ldngL rflxP .

lk5n] dxLg] sL aft s/ ] + tf] / fhwfgL xL gxL+ b] z s] ;eL zx/ d] + k|bz{g rnf . af/ f lhNff s] ;b/ d'sfd sn} of d] + ^ jifL{of Ps aRrL sf] kmfu'g * ut] ckx/ 0f lsof uof . b";/ ] lbg ;'ax 3/ ;] ghbLs s'5 b"/ k/ jx cr] t cj: yf d] + ldnL . t'/ +t jL/ u~h

b'/frfl/of]+ sL ;hf s};L xf] <

l/kf]6{

s~rgf emf

lhGxf] +g] d] / f ox

xfn agfof p;]

d[To'b08 sL ;hf

ldngL rflxP .


l: yt gf/ fo0fL c: ktfn n] hfof uof . aRrL s] ;fy anfTsf/ lsof uof yf cf} / lkm/ p;s] of} gf+u d+] ns8ÞL 3';] 8Þ lbof uof yf . aRrL sL cj: yf sf Vofn s/ t] x'P p;] jL/ u~h l: yt g] zgn d] l8sn sf‘n] h cf} / lkm/ jxfF ;] sf7df+8" e] h lbof uof . bfgjLo k/ fsfi7f sf lzsf/ p; aRrL g] sf7dfG8" l: yt sflGt afn c: ktfn d] + s/ La !$ lbg sf] df d] + / xg] s] afb bd tf] 8Þ bL . cf} / p;s] afb nuftf/ lj/ f] w k|bz{g x'P . / fhwfgL sf7dfG8" xf] of b] z s] cGo zx/ d] + s/ La bf] ;Ktfx ts nuftf/ k|bz{g x'cf cf} / k|bz{gsf/ L Ps xL df+u s/ / x] y] h3Go ls: d s] dlxnf lx+;f sL ;hf d] + abnfj nfgf rflxP cf} / d[To'b08 sL Joj: yf ;+ljwfg d] + / vgL rflxP .

sf7dfG8" d] + x'P t] hfa cfqmd0f d] + ;+nUg xf] g] s] cf/ f] k d] + k'ln; g] Ps o'jf sf] lu/ km\tf/ tf] lsof x} n] lsg p;sf] s} ;L ;hf bL hftL x} ox b] vgf afsL x} . pw/

af/ f lhNnf cbfnt g] ^ jifL{of aflnsf s] anfTsf/ cf} / xTof d] + ;+nUg sGx} of u'Ktf sf] #% jif{ sL h] n ;hf ;'gfO{ uO{ x} . n] lsg kLl8Þt kl/ jf/ Pj+ cfd af/ fjf;L O; km} ;n] ;] ;Gt'i6 gxL+ . anfTsf/ L sf] kmfF;L sL ;hf xL xf] gL rflxP, ox cfjfh rf/ f] + cf] / ;] cf / xL xL . af/ f 36gf s] afb ul7t ;+3if{ ;ldlt s] ;+of] hs k|df] b u'Ktf sxt] x+} – cbfnt sf km} ;nf hf] cfof x} jx : jfut of] Uo x} n] lsg Otg] ;] xL gxL+ xf] uf . jx sxt] x+} – xdf/ L df+u

kmFf;L yL, cf} / cfu] eL oxL / x] uL . a] 6L arfcf] ;+3if{ ;ldlt ca ;eL lhNff kx'Frs/ x: tfIf/ cleofg ;+sng s/ g] sL t} of/ L s/ / xf x} tfls aflnsf anfTsf/ 36gf s] bf] ifL sf] kmF;L sL ;hf ldn] . ;eL lhNnf ;] ;+slnt x: tfIf/ k|wfgdGqL sf] k] z s/ g] sf of] hgf ;ldlt g] agfO{ x} .

tYofFs Sof sxtL x} <af/ f 36gf tf] Ps k|ltlglw 36gf dfq

x} . g] kfn d] + cf} ;tg rf/ anfTsf/ k|To] s lbg xf] / xf x} . cf} / anfTsf/ sL 36gf a9Þ / xL x} . ;/ sf/ L tYofFs k/ gh/ 8fn] tf] )^%–)^^ d] + #*!,)^^–)^& d] + #&^, )^&– )^* d] + $*!, )^*– )^( d] + %%%, )^(–)&) d] + ^&& cf} / )&)– &! d] + !#@^ anfTsf/ sL 36gf x'O{ x} . ceL rn / x] jif{ s] ;ft dxLgf d] + &(^ anfTsf/ sL 36gf x'O{ x} . o] tYofFs k'ln; d] + bh{ x'O{ tYof+s s] cfwf/ k/ x} . : d/ 0lfo / x] – anfTsf/

sL clwsf+z 36gfPF k'ln; ts kx'FrtL xL gxL+, kx'Fr eL uoL tf] p;] : yfgLo : t/ k/ ldnfof hftf x} . jl/ i7 kqsf/ rGb| lszf] / emf sxt] x} +– anfTsf/ sL 36gf a9Þ / xL x} of 36 / xL x} ox sxgf d'lZsn x} , n] lsg Ps aft tf] ;fkm x} ls 36gf afx/ cf / xL x} . ;do kl/ jt{g xf] / xf x} cf} / dlxnf eL ckgL kL8Þf sf] 5'kf s/ gxL+ / vgf rfxtL, jx afx/ cfg] nuL x} , Gofo sL df+u s/ g] nuL x} . cf} / P] ;L 36gf sf] dLl8of uDeL/ tf s] ;fy afx/ nf / xL x} . dlxnfFP 3/ cf} / afx/ bf] gf] + hux c;'/ lIft x} + . O;lnP cToGt xL s8] Þ sfg"g sL Joj: yf xf] gL rflxP . kqsf/ emf sxt] x+} – a9Þt] anfTs/ s] ljifo sf] n] s/ u+eL/ xf] g] sL cfjZostf x} n] lsg jx d[To'b08 s] kIf d] + gxL+ . pgsf dfggf x} ls d[To'b08 ;d: of sf ;dfwfg gxL+ .

g] kfn s] sfg"g d] + abnfj h¿/ L x} . ax't P] ;] sfg"g x} lh;d] + cljnDa kl/ dfh{g cfjZos x} . lj1fg cf} / k|ljlw s] sf/ 0f ;dfh d] + gO{ k|j[lt s] ck/ fw xf] g] nu] x+} n] lsg p; ck/ fw sf] ;+af] wg s/ g] jfnf sfg"g ceL eL oxfF gxL+ . j} ;] eL sfg"g kl/ dfh{g xf] uf s} ;] < sfg"g lgdf{tf ;a tf] ;Qf s] v] n d] + nu] x} . cf} / ox / fi6« lk5n] @% jif{ ;] k|ToIf cf} / ck|ToIf ¿k d] + u[x o'4 ;] xL h"em / xf x} . nf] uf] + sL cfzf yL ls @)^@–^# d] + hgcfGbf] ng s] afb ul7t ;+ljwfg;ef b] z sf] gof ;+ljwfg b] uL n] lsg g] tfcf] ++ s] JolStut : jfy{ s] sf/ 0f ceL eL b] z jxL x} hxfF cfh ;] cf7 jif{ kxn] yf . b] z cGtl/ d ;+ljwfg k/ rn / xf x} . cf} / ;+ljwfg s] gfd k/ s'5 g] tfu0f h] a e/ / x] x+} . O;lnP g] tfu0f sf Wofg sfg"g sL cf] / gxL+, kl/ dfh{g sL cf] / gxL+, ljsf; sL cf] / gxL+, gful/ s s] zflGt ;'/ Iff sL cf] / gxL+ .

sfg"gL Joj: yf ljb] z d] +anfTsf/ sL aft sL hfo] tf] ;+o'St

c/ a cdL/ ft d+] bf] ifL sf] ;ft lbg ts n6sf s/ d[To' b08 sL ;hf bL hftL x} . O/ fg d] + kTy/ df/ s/ , ckmuflg: tfg d] + l;/ k/ uf] nL df/ s/ , rLg cf} / dn] lzof d] + d[To'b08 sL Joj: yf sL uoL x} , d+uf] lnof d] + kLl8Þt kIf k|ltzf] w s] ¿k d] + bf] ifL sf] df/ ;sg] sL Joj: yf sL uoL x} . O/ fs d] + kTy/ ;] df/ s/ cf} / Ps Ps s/ s] xfy, k} / , cfFv lgsfnL hftL x} cf} / cGt d] + uf] nL df/ s/ d[To'b08 lbof hftf x} . kf] Nof08 d] + bf] ifL sf] df/ s/ ;'c/ sf] vfg] s] lnP lbof hftf x} , ef/ t d] + eL d[To'b08 ts sL ;hf sL Joj: yf sL uoL x} .

l/kf]6{

bLks eutcWoIf

>L u0f] z o'jf sld6L kl/ jf/

gofF jif{ @)&@ s] ;'vb cj;/ k/ ;eL ;b:o, kbflwsf/ L, ldqu0f, z'elrGts tyf gu/ jf;L d] + pQ/ f] Q/ k|ult sL sfdgf s]

;fy xL xflb{s d+undo z'esfdgf .

/ fdrf} s, hgsk'/ wfd


sfg"gL Joj: yf g] kfn d] +hxfF ts g] kfn s] sfg"g sL aft sL

hfo tf] g] kfn d] + anfTsf/ L s] lnP ax't xL sdhf] / ;hf sL Joj: yf x} . g] kfn s] d'nsL P] g dxn !$ g] ls;L eL dlxnf sL d~h'/ L lnP ju} / p;s] ;fy s/ 0fL xf] tf] p;] anfTsf/ sxf uof x} . O;L t/ x !^ jif{ ;] sd pd| s] aflnsf s] ;fy d~h'/ L n] s/ of g n] s/ ls;L eL cj: yf d] + s/ 0fL sL hfo tf] p;] anfTsf/ sxtf x} .

cu/ kLl8Þt !) jif{ ;] sd sL xf] tf] anfTsf/ L sf] ] !) ;] !% jif{ sL h] n ;hf, cf} / cu/ aflnsf !) jif{ of b; ;] !$ jif{ s] aLr sL xf] tf] bf] ifL sf] cf7 ;] !@ jif{ sL ;hf sL Joj: yf sL uO{ x} .

O;L t/ x kLl8Þt cu/ rf} bx jif{ of rf} bx ;] Hofbf Pj+ ;f] nx jif{ ;] sd pd| sL xf] tf] ^ jif{ ;] b; jif{, Pj+ kLl8Þt ;f] nx jif{ of ;f] nx ;] Hofbf cf} / aL; jif{ ;] sd pd| sL xf] tf] kfFr jif{ ;] cf7 jif{ h] n ;hf sL Joj: yf sL uoL x} .

O;L t/ x kLl8Þt dlxnf tL; jif{ of p;;] Hofbf pd| sL xf] tf] kfFr ;] ;ft jif{ h] n ;hf sL Joj: yf sL uoL x} .

O;L t/ x klt cu/ kTgL s] ;fy ha/ b: tL s/ ] tf] p;] tLg dxLgf ;] ^ dxLgf ts sL ;hf sL Joj: yf x} . anfTsf/ 36gf s] Ps 3G6f s] eLt/ cu/ kLl8Þt dlxnf bf] ifL sL xTof s/ b] tL x} tf] p;] sf] O{ ;hf gxL+ xf] tL n] lsg Ps 3G6f s] afb cu/ xTof s/ tL x} tf] kfFr xhf/ kmfOg Pj+ b; jif{ ts sL ;hf sL Joj: yf sL uoL x} .

ax't nf] uf] + sf dfggf x} ls sdhf] / sfg"g s] sf/ 0f xL anfTsf/ sL 36gf d] + sdL gxL+ cf / xL x} . Joj: yflksf ;+;b cGtu{t s] dlxnf, afnaflnsf, Ho] i7 gful/ s Pj+ ;fdflhs sNof0f ;ldlt eL ax't u+eL/ xf] s/ ;f] r / xL x} ls anfTsf/ s] 36gf sf] s} ;] sd lsof hfo] < ;ldlt tf] ax; rnf / xL x} ls anfTsf/ L sf] d[To'b08 xL lbof hfo cf} / ox ;+ej gxL+ tf] sd ;] sd gk'+;s agf lbof hfo .

;ldlt sL cWoIf / ~h' 7fs'/ sf sxgf x} ls ljZj s] ljleGg / fi6«f] + d] + anfTsf/ L sf] s] ldsn Sof: 6«] ;g cyf{t ;'O{ b] s/ gk'+;s agf lbof hftf x} tf] g] kfn d] + Sof] gxL+ <

af/ f 36gf s] afb anfTsf/ a8ÞL ax; ag uoL x} . Pdfn] g] t[ ;fljqL e'iffn sf dfggf x} ls ox h3Go ck/ fw x} O;lnP O;s] h8Þ ts hfgf h¿/ L x} . cfh x/ cfbdL sL kxF'r z/ fa ts x} , xfy xfy d] +

df] afOn x} hxfF jx cf;fgL ;] cZnLn rLh b] vf hf ;stf x} cf} / kxgfjf eL pR5|[|+vn xf] uof x} . g] t[ e'iffn sxtL x} – rnlrq cf} / jf: tljs hLjg d] + kms{ x} cf} / O;] k'?if Pj+ dlxnf bf] gf] + sf] ;demgf xf] uf . sfg"g s] ;fy ;fy g} lts lzIff k/ Hofbf hf] / b] g] sf ;do cf uof x} , g] t[ e'iffn sf sxgf x} ] . g] t[ e'iffn km} zg sL lj/ f] wL gxL+ n] lsg ;do cf} / hux b] vs/ km} zg s/ g] sL ;nfx b] tL x+} . jx : ki6 sxtL x+} ls km} zg sf cy{ cZnLntf gxL+ .

jl/ i7 clwjStf dL/ f 9'+ufgf sf eL dfggf x} ls g] kfn d] + anfTsf/ ;DaGwL sfg"g sdhf] / x} cf} / O;] cToGt xL s7f] / agfgf rflxP . n] lsg l;km{ sfg"g s8Þf agfg] ;] s'5 gxL+ xf] uf jx sxtL x} – / fhgLlts ;+qmd0f s] sf/ 0f b] z c: t–Jo: t x} . a] / f] huf/ L, u/ LaL cf} / lg/ fzf ck/ fw sf] a9Þfjf b] / xL x} . clwjStf 9'+ufgf sf sxgf x} ls r'+ls g] kfn s] ;+ljwfg g] d[To'b08 sf] lgif] w lsof x} O;lnP anfTsf/ L sf] cfhLjg s/ fjf; xf] gf rflxP . n] lsg ;fdflhs ;+: yf / Iff g] kfn sL cWoIf d] g'sf yfkf tf] : ki6 ¿k ;] sxtL x} – anfTsf/ L sf] kmfF;L xL b] gf rflxP rfx] O;s] lnP ;+ljwfg d]+ xL Sof] + g ;+zf] wg s/ gf k8Þ] . jx cfu] sxtL x} b] z e/ ;] anfTsf/ cf} / dlxnf lx+;f sL 36gf sL va/ cf / xL x} O;lnP k"/ ] ;dfh d] + hfu/ 0f sL cfjZostf x} .

d] g'sf yfkf sf sxgf laNs'n ;xL x} .

k"/ ] ;dfh d] + hfu/ 0f sL cfjZostf x} . cf} / O;d] + ca tlgs eL l9ÞnfO{ s/ gf 7Ls gxL+ . hfu/ 0f O;lnP eL rflxP Sof] +ls ox ;/ sf/ u+eL/ gxL+ . s'5 lbg kxn] dlxnf, afnaflnsf Ho] i7 gful/ s Pj+ ;dflhs sNof0f ;ldlt g] O; / fi6« s] u[x dGqL sf] a'nf s/ anfTsf/ sL 36gf k/ Wofgfsif{0f lsof tf] u[xdGqL uf} td g] u} / lhDd] jf/ hafa b] s/ efug] sf k|of; lsof . u[xdGqL uf} td g] a8ÞL cf;fgL ;] sx lbof– / fhgLlts ;+qmd0f s] ;do d] + anfTsf/ sL 36gf a9Þgf : jfefljs x} . u[xdGqL uf} td s] O; hafa sf] s} ;] lnof hfo ox aft d} + ckg] kf7s k/ xL 5f] 8ÞtL x"F . n] lsg Ps aft tf] ;To x} , ha ljZjf; vTd xf] tf x} tf] cfqmf] z hGd n] tf x} cf} / hgtf ha cfqmf] lzt xf] hfo tf] ls;L sf s'5 gxL+ rntf . lkm/ g] kfn d] + eL gfufn] G8 s] xL h} ;L 36gf sf] c+hfd lbof hf ;stf x} . sxf gxL+ hf ;stf ..

l/kf]6{

ldgLNof08 dfWolds ljBfnokl/jf/

kfgL6+sL, jL/u+h, k;f{

gj jif{ @)&@ ;fn s] pknIo d]+ xdf/] ;Dk"0f{ lzIfs, ljBfyL{, cleefjs Pj+ ;d: t g]kfnL hgtf

d]+ xflb{s d+undo z'esfdgf JoQm s/t] x}+ .


gO{ snd ;]

ckg] xL clwsf/ ;] j+lrt Sof] + <gf/ L zAb s] ;fy hf] 5lj pe/ tL x}

jf] xf] tL x} Ps gfh's cf} / sf] dn JolStTj lh;sf ;j{u'0f ;DkGg xf] gf eL cfjZos x} . cfh sL gf/ L ax't cfu] a9Þ uO{ x} +, O;d] + sf] O{ zs gxL+ x} lsGt', cg'kflts b[li6 ;] b] vf hfo tf] jf] cfh eL ckg] cfk ;] xL ckl/ lrt x} . pGx] + : jo+ gxL+ ktf ls ;dfh, b] z cf} / b] z sL / fhgLlt d] + pGx] + Sof clwsf/ k|fKt x} + cf} / pgsf pkof] u jf] s} ;] s/ ;stL x} + .

hg;+Vof sL b[li6sf] 0f ;] cfwL cfafbL dlxnfcf] + sL x} . O;lnP ox tf] dfgL x'O{ aft x} ls lagf p;s] ljsf; s] b] z of ;dfh sf ljsf; ;Dej gxL+ x} . b] z s] k|wfgd+qL ;'zLn sf] O{/ fnf hL g] eL dlxnf lbj; s] cj;/ k/ ox aft dfgL ls b] z sf ljsf; gf/ L s] ljsf; s] lagf c;Dej x} . g] tfu0f efif0f b] t] x} + . dlxnfcf] + sf] ;Ddfg ldngf rflxP, dlxnf s] lj?4 xf] / xL lx+;f sL 36gfcf] + sf] / f] sgf rflxP . dlxnf ;zlSts/ 0f s] lnP Pstf sL cfjZostf x} o] ;eL aft] + g] tfcf] + s] efif0f d] + zfldn xf] tL x} + . s'5 sfg"g eL ag] x} + k/ ox pkof] u d] + gxL+ cft] x} + .

g] kfn s] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f sf sfo{ lg0ff{os df] 8Þ k/ x} . ;eL ckg] –ckg] clwsf/ f] + s] lnP kxn s/ / x] x} + . lsGt' dlxnfcf] + s] ljifo k/ ;f] rg] sL km'/ ;t ls;L sf] gxL+ x} . g tf] dlxnf g] tfcf] + sf] O; ljifo d] + kxn s/ gf x} cf} / g xL k'?if g] tfcf] + sf] .

cfh eL dlxnfPF 3/ sL rf/ bLjf/ L d] + s} b x} . p;] ceL eL O+;fg sd dfF, a] 6L, axg, kTgL s] xL ¿k d] + kxrfgf hf / xf x} . cflv/ p;] p;sL k"/ L kxrfg sa ldn] uL < gP ;+ljwfg d] + dlxnfcf] + s] lnP Sof lgwf{l/ t lsP hf / x] x} + O; k/ ;eL sf] ljrf/ s/ g] sL cfjZostf x} . ;+ljwfg d] + ox Joj: yf xf] gL rflxP ls dlxnf cf} / k'?if d] + sf] O{ e] befj gf xf] . gful/ stf sL Joj: yf ;dfg xf] . k'?if ljb] zL dlxnf ;] zfbL s/ tL x} tf] p;] ;xh xL gful/ stf ldn hftL x} cf} / cu/ sf] O{ n8ÞsL ljb] zL k'?if ;] zfbL s/ tL x} tf] p;s] klt sf] gful/ stf gxL+ ldntL . P] ;] sfg"g d] + ;+zf] wg sL cfjZostf x} . ;+ljwfg d] + n} +lus ;dfgtf k/ an b] g] sL

cfjZostf x} . ceL cfjZostf x} ls x/ aft k/ Wofg b] gf rflxP ls sxL+ sf] O{ kIf 5"6 gf hfo cf} / dlxnf ls;L clwsf/ ;] j+lrt gf / x hfP . ;+ljwfg åf/ f lbP uP ## k|ltzt s] clwsf/ sf g] tf pkof] u gxL+ s/ kfP cf} / ox 36 s/ @* k|ltzt xf] uof x} . cfh eL dlxnfcf] + s] lnP ;zSt cfjfh p7fg] s] lnP g] t[Tj sL sdL x} . kf6L{ut ;f] r eL cu/ b] vf hfo tf] jxfF eL dlxnfPF kL5] xL x} . dlxnf g] tfcf] + d] + OR5fzlSt sL sdL x} cf} / oxL sf/ 0f x} ls gf tf] jf] k'/ hf] / cfjfh p7f / xL x} + cf} / gf xL pgsL cfjfh sf] O{ ;'g / xf x} . ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f d] + eL dlxnf g] tfcf] + sL sf] O{ e"ldsf gxL+ x} .

cu/ ;/ sf/ L lgsfo sL eL aft s/ ] + tf] jxfF eL dlxnfcf] + sL ;+Vof gu0o xL x} tf] ;dfgtf sL aft tf] sxL+ lbvtL xL gxL+ x} . sfg"gg dlxnfcf] + sf] hf] eL clwsf/ k|fKt x} dlxnf : jo+ p;;] cGhfg x} + . O;s] lnP ;+rf/ dfWod s] åf/ f ;r] tgf sfo{qmd nfgf rflxP, kqsfl/ tf s] åf/ f eL dlxnfcf] + sL ;d: ofcf] + sf] p7fgf rflxP .

P] ;f gxL+ x} ls dlxnfcf] + sL l: ylt d] + kl/ jt{g gxL+ x'cf x} k/ lh; cg'kft d] + xf] gf rflxP jx gxL+ x'cf x} . ;dfh s] b[li6sf] 0f d] + sf] O{ kl/ jt{g gxL+ x'cf x} . cfh eL dlxnfPF lk58ÞL x'O{ x} + cf} / O;s] kL5] clzIff, k/ Dk/ f, ?l9Þut ;f] r xL sf/ 0f ag] x'P x} + . g] kfn sL clwsf+z dlxnfcf] + sf hLjg b'vbfoL x} . cfh eL jf] anfTsf/ cf} / cTofrf/ sf lzsf/ xf] / xL x} . O;s] eL kL5] sxL+ gf sxL+ k'?iff] + d] lzIff sL sdL gh/ cftL x} . O;sL jhx ;] pgsL ;f] r d] + kl/ jt{g gxL+ xf] / xf x} . cfh eL dlxnfcf] + s] lnP jf] gsf/ fTds ;f] r xL ckgfP x'P x} .

;dfh kl/ jt{g / fhgLlts kl/ jt{g s] åf/ f xL ;Dej x} . k/ Dk/ fut ;f] r cf} / s'/ Lltof] + sf] sd s/ g] s] lnP lzIff sf k|rf/ cf} / k|;f/ cfjZos x} . dlxnfcf] + s] k|lt lje] b, zf] if0f cf} / bdg sL ;f] r ha ts gxL+ abn] uL ta ts ;dfh cf} / b] z d] + dlxnfcf] + sL l: ylt gxL+ ;'w/ ] uL . O;s] lnP ;/ sf/ L t+q cf} / v'b dlxnfcf] + sf] hug] sL cfjZostf x} .

s'5 P] ;] ;jfn hf] x/

a] l6of] + s] h] xg sf]

emsemf] / tL x} , p;] jx O;

;dfh ;] k"5gf rfxtL x} ,

cflv/ Sof] + Ps xL dftf

lktf sL ;Gtfg xf] t] x'P eL

k'q cf} / k'qL d] + lje] b lsof

hftf x} < cflv/ Sof] + e|"0f

xTofPF xf] / xL x} + < cflv/

Sof] + ;dfh p;] l;km{ ef] Uof

dfg / xf x} < cflv/ Sof] +

x/ b[li6sf] 0f ;] k"0f{ xf] t] x'P

pGx] + bx] h sf lzsf/ xf] gf

k8 Þ / xf x} < cflv/ Sof] + x/

/ f] h dfgl;s cf} / zf/ Ll/ s

zf] if0f sf lzsf/ pGx] + agfof

hf / xf x} < P] ;] xL ;jfnf] +

s] ;fy xdf/ L gO{ snd

cfk;] ?–a–? xf] / xL x} .

Ps lrGtg tf] cfjZos x} .

s[i0ff emf


gO{ snd ;]

Sof] + sd gxL+ xf] / xL dlxnf lx+;f <

ljZj sL clwsf+z dlxnfPF ztflAbof] + ;] c;dfgtf cf} / lje] b s] bfo/ ] d] + hLg] s] lnP ljjz x} + . g] kfn sL s'n hg;+Vof sL cfwL cfafbL dlxnfcf] + sL x} lkm/ eL ;fdflhs, cfly{s, z} lIfs, / fhgLlts, k|zf;lgs ;eL If] qf] + d] + dlxnfcf] + sL kx'Fr cf} / pkl: ylt laNs'n sd x} . dlxnfPF / fHo s] x/ kIf ;] kLl8Þt x} + vf; s/ s] dw] z sL dlxnfcf] + sL ;xeflutf tf] gf

s] a/ fa/ x} . dlxnfPF cfh eL b";/ ] bh] { s] ¿k d] + xL hL / xL x} .

;dfh jiff] {+ ;] lkt[;QfTds ;+/ rgf s] ;fy xL rntf / xf x} cf} / ;lbof] + ;] O; ;dfh d] + dlxnf zf] if0f, bdg, oftgf tyf lx+;f sf] ;xtL cf} / ef] utL cf / xL x} + . O;L ;dfh d] + hLgf cf} / bdghGo kL8Þf sf] ;xgf pgsL afWotf xf] uO{ x} . cfh eL b] z d] + n} +lus lje] btf s] sf/ 0f c;dfgtf, ;fwg cf} / ;|f] t d] + pgsL kx'Fr cf} / k|of] u s] cj;/ d] + sdL, cfly{s k/ lge{/ tf, lzIff, : jf: Yo cf} / / f] huf/ sL sdL ;a;] dlxnf ju{ h"em / xL x} .

Sof ;r d] + dlxnf k'?if ;] sdhf] / x} < hf] : qL : jo+ ;[li6 x} lh;d] + k|hgg sL Ifdtf x} , hf] ;dfh sL ;+/ rgf d] + ckgf dxTjk"0f{ of] ubfg b] tL x} jx sdhf] / s} ;] x} < k|;j kL8Þf l;km{ dlxnf ;x ;stL

x} cf} / oxL sf/ 0f x} ls p;d] + w} o{ cf} / ;xgzLntf k'?iff] + sL ck] Iff sxL+ clws x} . hflx/ ;L aft x} ls ;[li6 sL ;+/ rgf d] + lhtgL cfjZostf k'?if sL x} ptgL xL gf/ L sL, lkm/ g/ ;] gf/ L cnu s} ;] x'O{ cf} / p;s] k|lt ;dfh sf ghl/ of Otgf lje] bk"0f{ Sof] + x} < Sof] + a] 6L s] gfd k/ ;dfh 8/ tf x} < Sof] + a] l6ofF k} bf xf] g] ;] kxn] df/ bL hftL x} + < o] s'5 P] ;] ;jfn x} + hf] x/ a] 6L O; ;dfh ;] k"5tL / xL x} k/ O;sf hjfa gxL+ ldntf .

ljZj d] + dlxnf clwsf/ cf} / d'lSt s] lnP ;do ;do k/ hf] ;+3if{ x'P p; k/ cu/ b[li6 8fnL hfo tf] sO{ aft] + : ki6 xf] tL x} + . k|mfG; sL / fHoqmflGt s] bf} / fg x'P o'4 sL ;dflKt s] lnP u|L; sL dlxnf nfO{l;;6« g] dlxnf x8Þtfn z'? lsof . dlxnf cfGbf] ng Ps cfw'lgs cleofg yf hf] ;g\ !(!) dfr{ * d] + k|f/ De x'cf . O;L lbg rLg, a|fhLn, 8f] ldlgl6s u0ftGq ;+o'St / fHo cd] l/ sf sL s'5 dlxnfcf] + g] ldn s/ cfly{s, / fhg} lts cf} / ;f+: s[lts c;dfgtf x6fg] s] lnP cf} / dlxnf clwsf/ sfod s/ g] s] lnP cfjfh p7fO{ . O;L lbg sf] : d/ 0f s/ t] x'P x/ jif{ * dfr{ sf] cGt/ / f{i6«Lo dlxnf lbj; dgfof hftf x} . k/ Ps hf] ;jfn xd] zf dg sf] emsef] / tf x} ls Sof dfq Ps lbg sf] dgf n] g] ;] dlxnfcf] + sL l: ylt ;'w/ hfPuL < / f] h dlxnfPF lx+;f sf lzsf/ xf] / xL x} + . ckg] k/ fP s] xfyf] + anfTs[t xf] / xL x} + . seL bx] h s] gfd k/ , seL s'/ Lltof] + s] gfd k/ jf] df/ L hf / xL x} + . cflv/ ox sa b"/ xf] uf <

g] kfn s] cGtl/ d ;+ljwfg @)^# s] efu # wf/ f @) d] + dlxnf sf df} lns clwsf/ ;'lglZrt x} . 3/ ] n' lx+;f-s;"/ cf} / ;hf_ P] g @)^^ cf} / 3/ ] n' lx+;f lgodfjnL @)^& agfO{ uO{ x} . k/ ox l;km{ sfg"g sL lstfa ts xL ;Lldt x} P] ;f nutf x} . Sof] +ls dlxnf lx+;f d] + sf] O{ sdL lbvfO{ gxL+ b] / xL x} . hats ;dfh s] lgwf{l/ t kIff] + d] + ;'wf/ gxL+ xf] uf, lkt[;QfTds ;dfh sf cGt gxL+ xf] uf cf} / / fhg} lts ;xeflutf pGx] + gxL+ ldn] uL ta ts l: ylt d] + ;'wf/ xf] g] sL sf] O{ ;Defjgf b"/ –b"/ ts lbvfO{ gxL+ b] tL x} .

ljef bf;

ah/ +u k|;fb ;fxk"j{ d] o/ hgsk'/ wfd

gofF jif{ @)&@ s] ;'vb cj;/ k/ ;eL gu/ jf;L Pj+ g] kfnjf;L d] + pQ/ f] Q/ k|ult sL sfdgf s] ;fy xL xflb{s

d+undo z'esfdgf .

u0f] z r} tGo a|x\drf/ L;dfh;]jLhgsk'/ wfd

gofF jif{ @)&@ s] ;'vb cj;/ k/ ;d:t ldq, z'elrGts, Jofkf/ L ;lxt gu/ jf;L d] + pQ/ f] Q/ k|ult sL sfdgf s] ;fy xL

xflb{s d+undo z'esfdgf .


ls;L eL ;dfh sf : j¿k jxfF sL dlxnfcf] + sL l: ylt j+ bzf k/ lge{/ s/ tf x} , lh; ;dfh sL dlxnfPF lhtgL ;an Pj+ ;zQm xf] +uL jx ;dfh eL ptgf xL ;'b[9 Pj+ dha"t xf] uf . xdf/ ] k'?ifk|wfg ;dfh d] + dlxnfcf] + sf] xd] zf bf] od bh] { sf : yfg k|bfg lsof uof x} . g] kfn h} ;] / fi6« d] + hxfF sL cfwL ;] Hofbf hg;+Vof dlxnfcf] + sL x} , lkm/ eL hLjg s] x/ If] q d] + jf] k'?iff] + ;] sxL+ kL5] x} + .

k/ Gt' lk5n] s'5 ;do ;] ;/ sf/ L Pj+ u} / ;/ sf/ L ;+: yfcf] + s] k|of;f] + g] dlxnfcf] + d] + ;zlQms/ 0f sL cfjZostf, : jf: Yo Pj+ lzIff s] k|lt hfu?stf a9fg] sf sfd lsof x} . dlxnf ;zlQms/ 0f s] ljljw cfofd x} + pgs] b} lgs hLjg d] + cfg] jfnL ;d: ofcf] + sf] b"/ s/ gf, 3/ Pj+ ;fj{hlgs : yn d] + pgs] ;fy ul/ dfk"0f{ Jojxf/ Pj+ ;a;] a9Þs/ Ps eod'Qm jftfj/ 0f pknAw s/ fgf lh;d] + jf] ckg] clwsf/ f] + sf k|of] u s/ ckgf JolQmTj ljsf; s/ ;s] .

;zlQms/ 0f sL k} / jL s/ t] x'P ha xd dlxnfcf] + sf] ;an agfg] sL aft s/ t] x} +, jxL+ Ps cf] / k'?iff] + s] jr{: j sf] sd s/ g] sf k|of; s/ t] x} + . j: t'tM xdf/ f ;fdflhs 9fFrf xL dlxnfcf] + Pj+ k'?iff] + s] lnP k[ys–k[ys e"ldsfcf] + sf lgwf{/ 0f s/ tf x} , lh;s] b'ef{Uok"0f{ kl/ 0ffd: j¿k dlxnfcf] + s] ;fy k|To] s : t/ k/ e] befj lsof hftf x} . g] kfn xL gxL+ ljZj sf sf] O{ eL / fi6« ox bfjf s/ g] d] + c;dy{ x} ls pgs] oxfF dlxnfcf] + sf pTkL8Þg gxL+ lsof hftf . jt{dfg d] + dlxnfPF t[tLo ljZj sL efFlt x} +, hxfF pgs] clwsf/ ;Lldt Pj+ st{Jo c;Lldt x} + .

n+a] ;do s] afb ;zlQms/ 0f s] k|of;f] + sf c;/ lbvtf x} k/ +t' ox zx/ L If] qf] + d] + l;d6 s/ / x uof x} . zx/ L If] qf] + d] + dlxnfcf] + sL efuLbf/ L x/ If] q d] + b] vL hf ;stL x} jf] ckg] ;fy xL / x] cGofo sf

lj/ f] w s/ gf hfgtL x} , ckg] clwsf/ f] + sf] xfl;n s/ gf hfgtL x} , k/ Gt' u|fdL0f If] qf] + sL dlxnfPF Og aftf] + ;] ceL eL cgle1 x} . pGx] + g tf] ckg] clwsf/ f] + sL ;dem x} + . cf} / gf xL p;] kfg] sL OR5f zlQm / vtL x} + .

dlxnf ;zlQms/ 0f sL lbzf d] + lsP hfg] jfn] k|of;f] + sf] ;kmn agfg] x] t' ox cfjZos

x} ls ;dfh sL dfgl;stf d'VotM dlxnfcf] + sL dfgl;stf d] + kl/ jt{g nfof hfP . ;dfh dlxnf sf] Ps dg'io dfg] cf} / dlxnfPF eL

: jo+ sf] canf gxL+ ;anf ;dem] + . gf/ L ;dfh s] ;fdg] 3/ –kl/ jf/ , kl/ j] z, ;dfh, / Lltl/ jfhf] +, gLltof] + k/ +k/ fcf] + s] gfd k/ hf] cg] s ;d: ofP pkl: yt x} +, pgsf lg/ fs/ 0f dlxnfPF lzIff ¿kL wg ;] ;DkGg xf] s/ s/ ;stL x} . Ps lzlIft gf/ L ckg] ljj] s Pj+ Jojxf/ ;] 3/ sf] a] xt/ ;~rfng s/ ;stL x} . Pj+ efjL kL9ÞL sf] of] Uo agf ;stL x} . ;fy xL ;fy : jo+ sf] cfly{s ¿k ;] cfTdlge{/ agf s/ k/ fl>t hGd zfk ;] d'lQm kf ;stL x} + . lzIff hf] pgsL cfly{s ;dy{tf sL w/ f] x/ x} , dlxnfPF O;sf dxTj ;dem s/ ckg] hLjg sL clwstd oftgfcf] + ;] lghft kf ;stL x} + .

hxfF ts xdf/ ] g] kfn sL aft x} hf] ls b|'t ult ;] / fhgLlts kl/ jt{g s] ky k/ cu|;/ x} . oxfF kxnL ;+ljwfg;ef d] + ck] Iffs[t / fhgLlt d] + dlxnfcf] + sL efuLbf/ L ckjfb afx] s g s] a/ fa/ x} , hf] sxL+ g sxL gf/ L ;zlQms/ 0f sf] gsf/ fTds phf{ k|bfg s/ tf x} . dlxnfPF / fhgLlt d] + ;lqmo xf] s/ : jo+ sf] ljsf; s] d"nwf/ d] + nf ;stL x} , ckgL ;d: ofPF nf] stGq s] ;fdg] / v ;stL x} Pj+ gf/ L ;dfh s] pTyfg s] lnP s'5 7f] ; of] hgfPF agf ;stL x} . ;+ljwfg agg] –agfg] s] u[xsfo{ d] + xd nu] x'P x} . P] ;L l: ylt d] + xd dlxnfPF eL ck] Iff / vtL x} + ls O; d] + s'5 k|fjwfg P] ;] eL xf] +u] , lh;d] + k'?if Pj+ dlxnfcf] + s] aLr hf] e] befj x} , p;] ld6f s/ pGx] + Ps ;dfgtf sf w/ ftn k|bfg lsof hfP . pGx] + ljz] ifflwsf/ gxL+ tf] sd ;] sd cf/ If0f cf} / clwsf/ ldn kfP, hf] pgs] df} lns clwsf/ f] + sf] ;'lglZrt cf} / ;+/ lIft s/ ] .

abntL kl/ l: ylt d] + dlxnfcf] + sL l: ylt

tg'hf l;+x …tGg'Ú

gO{ snd ;]

uf} / L :s"n—SofDk;j+zL rf} s, hgsk'/ wfd

gofF jif{ @)&@ s] ;'vb cj;/ k/ ;d:t ljBfyL{, cleefjs, z'elrGts Pj+ gu/ jf;L d] + pQ/ f] Q/ k|ult sL sfdgf s] ;fy xL


u'0f:t/ Lo lzIff Pj+ cR5] jftfj/ 0f s] lnP ;b} j tTk/ .

;+ljwfg agg] –agfg] s] u[xsfo{ d] + xd nu] x'P x} . P] ;L l: ylt d] + xd dlxnfPF eL ck] Iff / vtL x} + ls O; d] + s'5 k|fjwfg P] ;] eL xf] +u] , lh;d] + k'?if Pj+ dlxnfcf] + s] aLr hf] e] befj x} , p;] ld6f s/ pGx] + Ps ;dfgtf sf w/ ftn k|bfg lsof hfP . pGx] + ljz] ifflwsf/

gxL+ tf] sd ;] sd cf/ If0f cf} / clwsf/ ldn kfP, hf] pgs] df} lns clwsf/ f] + sf] ;'lglZrt cf} / ;+/ lIft s/ ] .


dfF rflxP====, axg rflxP====, kTgL rflxP====, lkm/ a] 6L Sof] + gxL <

a] 6L x} s'b/ t sf pkxf/ , dt s/ f] O;sf lt/ : sf/ . a] 6L arfcf] , a] 6L k9Þfcf] , Ps cfbz{ dfF–afk sxnfcf] . hLg] sf p;sf eL p;sf clwsf/ , a; rflxP cfksf Kof/ . cfksL nfn;f x} a] sf/ , lag a] 6L s] g rn] ;+;f/ . P] ;f sf] O{ sfd gxL+ hf] a] l6ofF g s/ kfO{ xf] . cfk cj;/ b] + tf] jf] cf;dfg ;] tf/ ] eL tf] 8Þ nfPuL . b'Nxg gf xf] tf] b'Nxf s'Fjf/ f / x hfo, ta Sof xf] uf O; ;+;f/ sf, sf} g rnfPuf cfksf j+z <

ox ;jfn ls;L Ps a] 6L sf gxL+ x} . ox x/ jx a] 6L ;dfh ;] ;jfn s/ / xL x} lh;] hGd n] g] ;] kxn] cfk df/ b] t] x} + . Sof s;"/ xf] tf x} p;sf < Otgf xL gxL+ jf] a] 6L eL cfk ;] ;jfn s/ / xL x} lh;] b'lgof d] + nft] tf] x} + k/ p;s] ;fy cfksf Jojxf/ lje] bk"0f{ xf] tf x} .

cflv/ a] l6ofF eL OG;fg x} , p;] eL hLg] sf xs clwsf/ bf] . gf cfwf gf sd p;] eL k'q s] ;dfg Kof/ bf] . xfy d] + emf8Þ" gxL+ snd bf] , r"Nx] sf w"cfF gxL+ lzIff sf k|sfz

bf] . cfh sL a] l6ofF ;Ltf gxL+ x} lh;] zs sL jhx ;] / fd g] Tofuf of lh;] ckgL kljqtf l;4 s/ g] s] lnP clUgk/ LIff b] gL k8ÞL . cfh sL a] l6ofF canf gxL+ x} , ;anf x} , jf] sNkgf rfjnf ags/ cf;dfg 5" ;stL x} . a; p;] Ps v'nf cf;dfg b] +, Ps k/ jfh b] +, lkm/ b] v] + p;sL pmFrL p8Þfg sf] .

s'5 bzs kxn] sL aft yL ha Jofks e] befj yf a] 6] cf} / a] 6L d] + . jSt abnf x} k/ ptgf gxL+ ls xd O; abn] xfnft k/ uj{ s/ ;s] + . cfh eL lzIff sL / f] zgL ;] a] l6ofF Sof] + j+lrt x} < a] 6L sf] nIdL sxg] jfnL k/ Dk/ f d] + a] l6of] + sf] Sof] + a] rf hf / xf x} < Sof] + ax'PF bx] h sL alnj] bL k/ xf] dL hf / xL x} + < Sof] + g/ ¿kL x} jfg ckgL xj; sf lzsf/ a] l6of] + sf] agf / xf x} .

;+rf/ dfWod d] + x/ / f] h Og ;] h'8ÞL 36gfPF xd] + 8/ ftL x} + . ox eL ;r x} ls P] ;L sO{ 36gfPF ;+rf/ dfWod ts kx'Fr eL gxL+ kftL xf] uL . sa ox ;dfh Ps gO{ ;f] r s] ;fy cfu] a9Þ] uf < sa a] l6ofF ;Ddfg s] ;fy hL kfPFuL < sa pGx] + pgs] lx: ;] sf xs ldn] uf < sa jx lagf 8/ s] sxL+ eL cf hf kfPFuL < o] ;f/ ] ;jfn xd a] l6of] + s] x} + .

ox tf] : yflkt ;To x} ls g/ cf} / gf/ L

bf] gf] + sf dxTj ;dfg x} . lzIff sf sfo{ JolSt s] ljj] s sf] hufs/ p;] ;xL lbzf k|bfg s/ gf x} . k|ult sf dfWod lzIff x} . cf} / O;L ;] a] l6of] + sf] j+lrt lsof hf / xf x} . ljZj ;+3if{ sf] hLtg] s] lnP rl/ q z: q sL cfjZostf xf] tL x} . olb gf/ L hflt clzlIft xf] tf] , jx ckg] hLjg sf] ljZj sL ult s] cg's"n agfg] d] + c;dy{ / xL x} . Ps gf/ L cu/ lzlIft xf] tL x} tf] jx Ps kl/ jf/ , ;dfh, b] z sf] cfu] a9Þfg] d] + ;xfos l;4 xf] tL x} . jx sFw] ;] sFwf ldnfs/ cfu] a9Þgf hfgtL x} .

g] kfn sL cfwL cfafbL gfl/ of] + sL x} cf} / O; cfwL cfafbL sf s'5 lx: ;f xL lzlIft x} af+sL clzIff s] cGwsf/ d] + hLg] sf] afWo x} . ax't cfjZos x} ls ;/ sf/ O; cf] / ck] lIft Wofg b] . lzIff sf] ;'ne agfP cf} / ;'b"/ k|f+t d] + hf] gfl/ ofF x} + pg ts lzIff sL / f] zgL kx'FrfP . tfls ox b] z, ;dfh zf] if0f/ lxt, lx+;f/ lxt cf} / ;'Gb/ ;dfh sf lgdf{0f xf] ;s] . ?l9ÞjfbL k/ Dk/ fcf] + cf} / s'/ Lltof] + sf c+t xf] gf cfjZos x} . gf/ L k'?iff] + ;] cfu] gxL+ alNs p;s] sbd ;] sbd ldnfs/ rngf rfxtL x} cf} / O;s] lnP p;] cj;/ k|bfg s/ gf xL xf] uf teL Ps ;'Gb/ cf} / : j: y ;dfh sL : yfkgf xf] ;stL x} .

gO{ snd ;]

a] l6of“ af] em Sof] + <v'za' u'Ktf

u'?s'n ;+uLt kf7zfnf s] ;+: yfks tyf jl/ i7 zf: qLo u'? ldlynf / Tg u'?b] j sfdt s] cfof] hg d] + …;'/ do ;+WofÚ ;DkGg x'cf x} . sf7df8f} + s] / fi6«Lo gfr3/ d] + r} q & z'qmjf/ sf] …;'/ do ;+WofÚ gfd ;] !* jL+ Psn ufog sf cfof] hg x'cf yf . sfo{qmd sf ;d'b\3f6g kfg; d] bLk k|Hjlnt s/ s] / fi6«klt dxfdxLd 8f= / fdj/ 0f ofbj g] + lsof yf . sfo{qmd s] cWoIf k] zn 9sfn g] sxf, jl/ i7 uLt1 u'?b] j sfdt kf+r bzs ;] ckgL hGde'ld sf] sd{e'ld agfs/ zf: qLo uLt, ;+uLt sL ;] jf s/ t] cf / x] x} + . ;/ sf/ sf] zf: qLo uLt, ;+uLt s] ljsf; k/ ;xof] u s/ gf rflxo] lh; ;] snfsf/ f] + sf] xf} ;nf a'nGb xf] uf . jl/ i7 zf: qLo u'? u'?b] j sfdt g] Vofn, 7'd/ L, d} lynL uLt–uhn, g] kfnL uhn, lxGbL, pb'{ uhn, ;'kmL uLt k|: t't lsof . pGxf] g] + uLtsf/ sfnL k|;fb l/ hfn sL / rgf sf] ckgL ;+uLt tyf : j/ d] + k|: t't s/ t] x'P ;eL sf] dGqd'Uw s/ lbof . sfdt s] sf] lsn : j/ d] + rf/ rf+b nufg] s] lnP xf/ df] lgod d] pQd axfb'/ yfkf, tfgk'/ f d] + hLgf lg/ f} nf cf} / d~h' >] i7, z/ b d] g] kfn s] Ps dfq z/ bjfbs ;+tf] if eQm >] i7, tanf d] s'Gbg ;fx …z+s/ Ú nufot s] jfBojfbsf] + g] afhf ahfs/ ;fy lbof yf . u'?hL sL ckgL ;+uLtj4 g] kfnL uhn s] ;fy cGo efiff s] uLt ;+uLt ;] / fi6«Lo gfr 3/ u'~hodfg xf] p7f . d} lynL ;flxTo

sL ;] jf Pj+ d} lynL lnlk s] ;+/ If0f cf} / k|j4{g d] / fi6«Lo tyf cGt/ fi6«Lo : t/ d] ljlzi6 of] ubfg x] t' ;flxTosf/ ljgLt 7fs'/ / fi6«klt 8f= / fdj/ 0f ofbj åf/ f ;Ddflgt lso] uP . d} lynL rlr{t ;flxTosf/ 7fs'/ d} lynL lkmNd tyf PnAd d] + uLt lnv r's] x} + . g] kfn k|1f k|lti7fg d] + 7fs'/ sL ljleGg s[lt tyf zf] w u|Gy pknAw x} . æafFsL cl5 xd/ b"ws sh{Æ gfds d} lynL uLlt ;+u|x pgsf O; ztfAbL sL d} lynL lnlk-ldlynfIf/ _d] + k|sflzt kxnL k': ts x} .

;flxTosf/ 7fs'/ ;Ddflgt


ef/ t ;/ sf/ g] ;Ldf ;'/ Iff s] lnP g] kfn ef/ t af8{/ k/ 6" n] g ;8Þs lgdf{0f z'? lsof, g] kfnL If] q d] + va/ yf] 8ÞL b] / ;] kx'FrL ta ts ;8Þs lgdf{0f sf sfd &) k|ltzt k"/ f xf] r'sf yf . lk5n] Ps bzs ;] snsnjf dlh{gn t6aGw s] sf/ 0f af9Þ sL ;d: of ;] cflhh xf] r's] afFs] lhnf s] nf] u ;8Þs lgdf{0f sL / km\tf/ sf] b] vs/ cf} / eL lrlGtt x} + . j} ;] ckg] b] z sL ;'/ Iff ef/ t s] lnP ;jf] {kl/ x} n] lsg ;Ldf ;DaGwL ;+lw cf} / ;Dfemf} tf d] + k8Þf] ;L b] z s] lxt sf] eL g s'rn] hfg] sL aft pNn] v sL uO{ x} . ef/ t g] ;g @)!# d] + cft+ssf/ L ultljwL sf] lgu/ fgL s/ g] cf} / ;} Go cfjfudg s] lnP ;Ldf k/ ;8Þs agfg] s] lnP s] Gb| ;/ sf/ g] d~h'/ L bL .

lhnf ;Ldf If] q d] + xf] / x] ljsf; lgdf{0f sf g] kfnL kIf ;] lj/ f] w xf] gf hfoh eL x} , Sof] +ls lk5n] lbgf] + af9Þ sL ;d: of ;] b';jf/ L em] n r's] nf] u lkm/ ;] gO{ ;d: of sf cf+sng s/ g] nu] x} + . vf; s/ afFs] lhnf ;] ef/ tLo If] q d] + h'8Þg] jfn] k|fs[lts gfnf s] axfj sf] k|efljt s/ g] k/ ;8Þs sf] n] s/ lrGtf htfO{ hf / xL x} . xf] lnof lgjf;L k|xnfb s] j6 g] ] atfof ls ;g @))@ d] + lgdf{0f x'P ef/ tLo t6aGw s] sf/ 0f lhn] s] s/ La Ps bh{g ufla; x/ ] s jif{ af9Þ ;] k|efljt xf] t] x} + . ;8Þs s] sf/ 0f hn e/ fj sL cfz+sf cf} / eL a9ÞL x} s] j6 g] sxf ca af9Þ sL ;Defjgf cf} / eL tLa| ¿k ;] a9Þ] uL .

ef/ tLo ;8Þs sf] n] s/ g] kfn d] + s] Gb|: t/ Lo a} 7s eL x'O{, n] lsg s"6gLlts kxn z'Go kfof uof . a} 7s d] + ;xefuL afFs] s] lhnf clwsf/ L j] b k|sfz n] vs g] lxdflngL sf] atfof ls a} 7s d] + s"6gLlts kxn s] lnP lg0f{o xcf x} . a} 7s s] afb hgtf g] sf/ jfxL sL k|tLIff sL n] lsg k|sf/ sf kxn g b] v hgtf g] ckg] lx;fa ;] Aoj: yfkg sf] cfu] a9Þfof . s'5 g] ufFj sL hdLg a] r bL tf] s'5 cnu lj: yflkt xf] uP . d6] lxof @ lgjf;L ZofdfgGb ltjf/ L g] af9Þu|: t If] q sf] 5f] 8Þs/ cnu 3/ agfgf z'? s/ lbof x} . 8'afg If] q d] + / xg] jfn] clwsfFz nf] u pFr] : yfg k/ of h+unf] d] +

ckgf l7sfgf agf lnof x} . nId0fk'/ afFw eTsfp ;+3if{ ;ldlt s] ;lrj l/ hjfg 8kmfnL g] sxf ;8Þs s] sf/ 0f ;d: of ca cf} / eL uDeL/ xf] uL .

8kmfnL g] atfof ls x/ ] s jif{ lh; n] an k/ af9Þ cftL yL p; lx;fa ;] cfg] jfn] a/ ;ft d] + af9Þ sf cg'kft a9Þ] uf . ;d: of l;km{ af9Þ nug] sf xL gxL+ s[lif e"ld d] + eL ;d: of pTkGg xf] / xf x} , u+ufk'/ lgjf;L lu/ j/ ofbj g] sxf x/ ] s jif{ s'5

g s'5 e"ld afn' ;] 9s hftL x} . ;d: of / f] sg] s] ljifo k/ ls;L

k|sf/ sf kxn gxL+ x'cf / ] 8qm; u+ufk'/ s] k|ltlglw ljqmd jdf{ g] sxf ;/ sf/ l;km{ / fxt ljt/ 0f k/ Wofg b] / xL x} . / fxt eL h?/ L x} n] lsg 7f] ; lgsf; xf] gf rflxP hf] gxL+ x'cf, jdf{ g] sxf hgtf ckg] lx;fa ;] ;d: of ;] lgk6g] sL sf] lzz s/ / xL x} .

nId0fk'/ afFw sf] cf} / dha"t agfg] s] lnP ef/ tLo kIf g] ;8Þs sf] afFw d] + xL ;dflxt s/ lbof x} . lh; sf/ 0f afFw sL pFrfO{ s/ La !=% dL6/ cf} / eL pmFrf xf] uof x} . O;;] kxn] %=% dL6/ sf afFw ca & dL6/ sf xf] uof x} . kfls: tfgL v'lkmof Ph] G;L cfOP;cfO s] sf/ 0f g] kfn ef/ t

;Ldf ;+j] bgzLn agtf hf / xf x} . ef/ t ckgL ;'/ Iff cyf{t ;} Go cfjfudg s] lnP ;8Þs lj: tf/ sf sfd cfu] a9Þfof n] lsg g] kfnL e" efu k/ af9Þ sf hf] lvd a9Þtf b] v rf/ f] t/ km rrf{ sf ljifo ag uof .

kLnLeLt ;] dxf/ fhuGh ts #@$ lsnf] ld6/ ;8Þs lgdf{0f hf/ L x} . O; ;8Þs sf] agfg] s] lnP s] Gb| ;/ sf/ g] @# h'nfO{ @)!# d] + d~h"/ L bL yL . O;;] kxn] @$*=#@ lsnf] dL6/ ;8Þs lgdf{0f s] lnP ef/ t g] ;g @))* d] + xL d~h"/ L bL yL .

pQ/ k|b] z s] & lhnf kLnLeLt, nvLdk'/ , ax/ fOr, >fj: tL, an/ fdk'/ , l;4fy{gu/ cf} / dxf/ fhu+h g] kfnL If] q ;] h'8] Þ x} + hxfF ceL ;8Þs lgdf{0f hf/ L x} . b] z sL ;'/ Iff s] lnO xfO: kL8 ;8Þs lgdf{0f xf] gf h?/ L x} lxdflngL ;] aftrLt d] + P;P;aL s} Dk ss/ b/ L s] k|d'v Pgs] ljZjf; g] sxf, g] kfnL If] q ;] xf] g] jfn] ;Defljt cft+sL ultljlw lgu/ fgL s] lnP ;8Þs cTofjZos ljifo x} . @)(#=@% s/ f] 8Þ nfut d] + lgdf{0f hf/ L 6'n] g cyf{t & dL6/ rf} 8ÞL ;8Þs g] kfn s] lnP hf] lvd x} .

Otg] nf] u xf] +u] af9Þ ;] k|efljt ef/ tLo If] q d] + lgdf{0f xf] / x] ;8Þs s]

sf/ 0f lhn] s] ljleGg ufla; d] + xhf/ f] + nf] uf] + s] k|efljt xf] g] sL cfz+sf x} . ;DalGwt ufla; ;lrj g] Ps ljj/ 0f pknAw s/ fof cf} / ox dfdnf ;fdg] cfof .

;8Þs s] sf/ 0f cufdL a/ ;ft d] + xf] lnof s] * xhf/ , a] txgL s] * xhf/ , ags6\6L s] & xhf/ , u+ufk'/ s] ^ xhf/ ! ;f} %&, d6] lxof s] & xhf/ , g/ } gfk'/ s] ^ xhf/ cf} / kmQ] k'/ s] @) xhf/ nf] k|efljt xf] +u] . ufla; s] åf/ f t} of/ lsP uP ljj/ 0f d] + k|fljlws / fo cf} / ;'emfj sf] eL Wofg d] + / vf uof x} , lh;;] g] kfnuGh gu/ eL af9Þ s] d'Vo lgzfg] k/ x} . lk5n] >fj0f @( ut] lhn] d] + x'P af9Þ sL sx/ s] sf/ 0f ceL eL ax't kl/ jf/ k"0f{ ¿k ;] ;Den gxL+ kfP x} +, ;/ sf/ L tf} / ;] ceL eL / fxt ljt/ 0f sf sfd cf+lzs ¿k ;] hf/ L x} . lhn] sL s'n %=% nfv hg;+Vof d] + s/ La ! ltxfO{ hg;+Vof k|efljt xf] g] sL cfz+sf htfO{ hf / xL x} . ef/ tLo ;8Þs s] sf/ 0f g] kfnL e"efu d] + tLj| hne/ fj s] ;+s6 ;] lgk6g] s] lnP ls;L k|sf/ sL t} of/ L sL va/ gxL+ x} .

pw/ ;8Þs, Ow/ ;bdf ljgo bLlIft

ef/ t g] ;Ldf k/ Sof Sof lsof < l @))@ d] + snsnjf dlh{gn t6aGw

sf lgdf{0f . l @))# d] + ;Ldf If] q d] + P;P;aL

kl/ rfng lsof cf} / kLP;;L x6fof .l @))$ d] + afFw ;] lgsf; xf] g] jfn]

;eL KjfOG6 aGb lsP uP . l @)!# d] + / fKtL gbL sf wf/ kl/ jt{g

xf] g] s] lx;fa ;] ss/ b/ L d] + k'n lgdf{0f x'jf .

l @)!# d] + ;Ldf If] q d] + ;8Þs agfg] sf s] Gb|Lo lg0f{o .

l @)!$ cu: t d] + ;Ldf If] q d] + ;L;L Sofd/ f h8Þfg lsof .

l !)!% km/ j/ L d] + ;8Þs lgdf{0f &) k|ltzt k"/ f .

l @)!% h'nfO{ ts ;LdfIf] q d] + ;8Þs lj: tf/ sf sfd k"/ f xf] uf .

g]kfnu+h l/kf]6{



O; ;do ;+;f/ sL k|foM ;eL hfltofF Go"gflws ¿k ;] ckg] –ckg] wd{ sL

pGglt cf} / ;s] k|rf/ s] lnP ckgL–ckgL k4lt s] cg';f/ k|oTg s/ / xL x} . Ogd] + ;] s'5 nf] u tf] ckg] wd{ efjL sf ;Gb] z ;+;f/ s] sf] g] –sf] g] d] + kx'Frf b] gf rfxt] x} + cf} / j] O;s] lnP sf] O{ pkfo eL afsL gxL+ / vt] . lqmlZrog dt sf k|rf/ s/ g] s] lnP O;fO{ hut lstgL wg/ flz sf] kfgLsL t/ x axf / xf x} , O; sfo{ s] lnP cd] l/ sf

ts ;] s/ f] 8Þf] ?Kfo] xdf/ ] hut d] + cftf x} . nfvf] + O;fO{ : qL–k'?if ;'b"/ b] zf] + d] + hf–hfs/ efFlt–efFlt ;] nf] s;] jf s/ tyf nf] uf] + sf] cg] s t/ x ;] nf] e–nfnr b] s/ , k'm;nfs/ cf} / pGx] + pn6L ;LwL aft] + ;demfs/ ckg] wd{ sf k|rf/ s/ / x] x} + .

s'5 e"n] x'P nf] u k/ wg, k/ : qL, ckx/ 0f s/ s] , wd{ s] gfd k/ lx+;f s/ g] cf} / k/ wd{ sL xTof s/ g] sf] xL wd{ dfg a} 7] x} +, Pj+ p;L sf k|rf/ s/ gf rfxt] x+} . O; k|sf/ s] wd{k|rf/ ;] rf/ f] cf] / czflGt cf} / b'Mv sf lj: tf/ xf] tf x} . ckgL a'l4 ;] nf] s sNof0f s] lnP lh; wd{ sf] clws pkof] uL ;dem hfo, ;s] k|rf/ s] lnP k|oTg s/ gf dg'io sf st{Jo x} . O; Gofo ;] sf] O{ olb jf: tj d] + P] ;] xL z'4 efj ;] k|] l/ t xf] s/ s] jn nf] s sNof0f s] lnP xL ckg] wd{ sf k|rf/ s/ gf rfxt] x} tf] pgsf ox sfo{ cg'lrt gxL+ x} , k/ Gt' pgs] O; sfo{ sf] b] vs/ xd nf] uf] + sf] Sof s/ gf rflxP, ox ljifo ljrf/ 0fLo x} . d] / L ;dem ;] Ps lxGb" wd{ xL ;a k|sf/ ;] k"0f{ wd{ x} . lh; sf rf/ nIo dg'io sf] ;+;f/ s] lqtfkfgn ;] d'Qm s/ p;] cgGt ;'v sL z] if ;Ldf ts

kx'Frs/ ;bf s] lnP cfgGbdo agf b] gf x} . ;do–;do k/ hut s] b'Mv–bUw, czfGt k|f0fL O; wd{ sf kljq ;Gb] z k|fKt s/ k/ d zflGt sf] k|fKt xf] r's] x} + . cf} / cfh eL hut s] a8] Þ–a8Þ] efj's k'?if cToGt pT;s'tf s] ;fy O;L ;Gb] z sL k|flKt s] lnP nfnflot x} . lh; wd{ sL OtgL ckf/ dlxdf x} , p;L cgflb sfn ;] k|rlnt, kljq cf} / uDeL/ fzo wd{ sf] dfgg] jfnL hflt df] xjz hut s] cGofGo ck"0f{ dtf] + sf cf>o u|x0f s/ c1fg ;l/ tf s] k|jfx d] + axgf rfxtL x} , ox a8ÞL xL lrGtf sf aft x} .

olb ef/ t g] ckg] lr/ sfnLg wd{ s] kfjg cfbz{ sf] e"ns/ P]lxs ;'vf] + sL Joy{ sNkgfcf] + s] kL5] pGdt xf] s] jn sfNklgs,

ef} lts, : juf{lb ;'vf] + sf] xL wd{ sf Wo] o dfgg] jfn] dtf] + sf cg';/ 0f cf/ De s/ lbof tf] a8] Þ xL cgy{ sL ;Defjgf x} . O; cgy{ sf ;"qkft eL xf] rnf x} . ;do–;do k/ O;s] cg] s pbfx/ 0f ldnt] x} + . nf] u k|foM k/ dfgGb k|flKt s] Wo] o ;] Ro't xf] s/ s] jn ljljw k|sf/ s] ef] uf] + sL k|flKt s] k|oTg sf] xL ckgf st{Jo ;demg] nu] x} . wd{Ifo sf ox k|f/ lDes b'ikkl/ 0ffd b] vs/ eL olb

wd{k|] dL aGw' wd{gfz ;] pTkGg xf] g] jfnL eofgs ljklQof+] ;] hflt sf] arfg] sL ;Gtf] ifhgs ¿k ;] r] i6f gxL+ s/ +] u] tf] ox a8] Þ xL kl/ tfk sf ljifo ag hfouf .

O; ;do xdf/ ] b] z d] + clwst/ nf] u tf] s] jn wg, gfd cf} / sLlt{ sdfg] d] + xL ckg] b'n{e cf} / cd"No hLjg sf] latf / x] x} . s'5 ;Hhg b] z cf} / ;fdflhs ;'wf/ s] sfof] {+ d] + nu] x} +, k/ Gt' ;To wd{ s] k|rf/ s tf] sf] O{ la/ n] xL dxfTdfhg x} . olb dfg, a8ÞfO{ cf} / k|lti7f sf ;fdgf Pj+ : jfy{k/ tf sf kl/ Tofu s/ b] z cf} / ;dfh ;'wf/ s] lnP k|oTg s/ g] ;] eL pRr ;'v sL k|flKt d] + s'5 nfe kx'Frtf x} , k/ Gt' ef} lts ;'vf] + sL r] i6f jf: tj d] + k/ d Wo] o sf] e'nf xL b] tL x} . ;Rr] ;'v sL k|flKt d] + k"/ L ;xfotf tf] p; zflGtk|b ;Towd{ s] k|rf/ ;] xL ldn ;stL x} .

oBlk d'em] ;+;f/ s] dt–dtfGt/ f] + sf 1fg ax't xL sd x} , k/ Gt' ;fwf/ 0f ¿k ;] d] / f ox ljZjf; x} ls ;a;] pQd ;fj{ef} d wd{ jx xf] ;stf x} , lh;sf nIo dxfg\ ;] dxfg lgTo cf} / lgjf{w cfGfGb sL k|flKt xf] cf} / lh;d] + ;a sf clwsf/ xf] . s] jn Plxs ;'v of : ju{;'v atnfg] jfnf wd{ tf] jf: tj d] + a'l4dfg s] lnP TofHo xL x} . ct Ps ;jf] {Qd wd{ jx x} , hf] k/ d sNof0f sL k|flKt s/ fg] jfnf xf] tf x} . P] ;f wd{ d] / L ;dem ;] jx jf} l4s ;gftg wd{ xL x} , lh;sf : j¿k b} jL u'0ff] + ;] : ki6 xf] tf x} . s] jn Ps uLtf s] k|rf/ ;] xL k[YjL s] dg'io dfq sf p4f/ xf] ;stf x} . oxL Ps ;/ n ;xh cf} / d'Vo pkfo x} . wd{ kfng ;] a8Þf cflTds : j/ fh ldn ;stf x} , / fHo ;Qf sL tf] aft xL sf} g–;L x} .

wd{ cf} / O;sf k|rf/

/jLGb| emf ‘z+s/’

cWofTd

s'5 e"n] x'P nf] u k/ wg, k/ : qL, ckx/ 0f s/ s] , wd{ s] gfd k/ lx+;f s/ g] cf} / k/ wd{ sL xTof s/ g] sf] xL wd{ dfg a} 7] x} +, Pj+ p;L sf k|rf/ s/ gf rfxt] x+} . O; k|sf/ s] wd{k|rf/ ;] rf/ f] + cf] /

czflGt cf} / b'Mv sf lj: tf/ xf] tf x} .

k|df] b rf} w/ Lo'lgog k|] ;, hgsk'/ wfd

gofF jif{ @)&@ s] ;'vb cj;/ k/ ;d:t u|fxs, z'elrGts tyf gu/ jf;L d] + pQ/ f] Q/ k|ult sL sfdgf s] ;fy xL xflb{s

d+undo z'esfdgf .

;eL k|sf/ sL 5kfO{ Pj+ zfbL sf8{ s] lnP gDj/ jg


/ fhf ef] h cf} / sflnbf; arkg s] ldq y] , Psaf/ / fhf ef] h ckg] ldq sflnbf; ;] k"5g] nu] ls ldq t'd ls; ljifo s] ljåfg xf] sflnbf; g] sxf ldq P] ;f sf] O{ ljifo gxL+ lh;sf] d} + gxL+ hfgtf x"F -;j{d\ hfgfld ef] / fhg_ P] ;f sf] O{ eL ljifo gxL+ x} hf] sflnbf; dfF sfnL s] s[kf ;] gxL+ hfgt] xf] , / fhf ef] h sf] u': ;f cf uof ls sf] O{ eL OG;fg ;j{1 gxL+ xf] ;stf o] a|fx\d0f tf] s] jn zf: q s] 1ftf xf] ;st] x} +, z: q rnfgf tf] sf] O{ Iflqo xL hfg ;stf x} , xn rnfgf sf] O{ ls;fg xL hfg] uf cf} / sflnbf; sf] 3d08 x} ls d} ;a s'5 hfgtf x"F / fhf ef] h qmf] lwt xf] s/ af] n] ls sflnbf; hL d} + cfk;] k|Zg s?Fuf olb cfk p;sf ;xL cy{ gxL atf kfo] tf] cfksf] df} t sL ;hf ldn] uL, ca / fhf ef] h k|Zg vf] hg] nu] sL sflnbf; ;] sf} g ;f k|Zg lsof hfoL / fhf ef] h sf dGqL cfof cf} / af] nf / fhg O;;] lrqsnf s] af/ ] d] + k"l5P P] ;f lrq agfg] sf] slxo] hf] O;g] seL gf b] vf xf] / fhf ef] h g] sxf ;'gf] sflnbf; d] / L kTgL efg'dtL sf lrq agfcf] , sflnbf; dfF sfnL sf Wofg s/ s] lrq agfg] nu] .

O;s] afb / fhf g] ha lrq sf] b] vf tf] P] ;f nu / xf yf ls lrq af] n k8Þ] uf / fhf g] sxf sflnbf; cR5L t/ x ;] b] v nf] sxL+ sf] O{ sdL / x uO{ tf] t'Dx] b08 ldn] uL, sflnbf; cfFv aGb s/ s] dfF sfnL ;] sxg] nu] , t'dg] xL lrq agfof x} cf} / t'DxL+ lgu/ fgL s/ nf] dfF sflnbf; cfFv aGb xL lso] y] ls k] g ;] : ofxL 6ks uoL cf} / lrq

s] h+3] k/ ltn sf lgzfg ag uof, ca tf] / fhf ef] h b+u / x uo] ls o] ltn s] lgzfg s] af/ ] d] + sflnbf; s} ;] hfgt] x+} , / fhf qmf] w ;] nfn xf] uo] sflnbf; t'd xdf/ ] gu/ d] + / xg] s] nfos gxL+ xf] xdf/ ] gu/ ;] tTsfn afx/ lgsn hfcf] olb xdf/ ] gu/ s] ls;L eL JolQm sf] lbvfO{ k8Þ] tf] df} t sL ;hf ldn] uL sflnbf; ckg] arkg s] ldq wf/ fk'/ gu/ L / xg] jfn] Ps a|fXDf0f s] oxfF k'q jw' ags/ / xg] nu] , Ow/ / fhf h+un d] + lzsf/ s/ g] sf] uo] y] ls z] / g] / fhf s] pmk/ emk§f df/ f Tof] + xL Ps aGb/ g] / fhf sL af+x ks8Þ s/ k] 8Þ k/ r9Þf lnof z] / g] sxf, x] a+b/ d] / ] lzsf/ sf] 5f] 8Þ b] a+b/ g] sxf gxL+ d} +g] O;] ckgf ldq agf lnof x} .

/ fhf g] sxf e} of d'em] gL+b cf / xL x} a+b/ Ps 8fn k/ / fhf sf] ln6f s/ pgsf l;/ ckg] h+3] k/ / v lnof, gLr] ;] z] / g] sxf b] v +a+b/ / fhf ;f] uof x} ca p;] 9s] n bf] a+b/ g] sxf ldq ;] wf] vf gxL+ s/ gf rflxP . ha / fhf hfu] tf] a+b/ sf] lgb|f cfg] nuL a+b/ g] sxf ldq / fhg ca d'em] ] lgb|f cf / xL x} , / fhf g] a+b/ sf] ckg] uf] b d] + ln6f lnof cf} / af] n] ldq yf] 8Þf ;f t'd eL cf/ fd s/ nf] . ha a+b/ ;f] uof tf] gLr] ;] z] / g] sxf, / fhg a+b/ ;f] uof x} , ca O;] olb gLr] 9s] n bf] u] tf] lkm/ hLjg d] + d} t'Dx] + k/ ] zfg gxL+ s?+uf . / fhf s] dg d] + cfof 7Ls x} cf} / / fhf z] / ;] a+b/ sf ;f} bf s/ g] nu] ls a+b/ hu uof cf} / / fhf sL aft] + ;'gs/ ckgL k"+5 Ps 8fn d] + nk] 6 lnof h} ;] / fhf g] a+b/ sf] gLr] 9s] nf a+b/ n6s uof cf} / / fhf sf] >fk b] lbof ls t'dg] ldq ;] wf] vf lsof x} t'Dx] + s'i7 / f] u xf] hfo] uf, Otgf sxs/ a+b/ cf} / cf} / z] /

bf] gf] + ljn'Kt xf] uo] , / fhf s'i7 / f] u ;] arg] s] pkfo vf] hg] nu] , ls cfsfzjf0fL x'O{, x] / fhg hf] JolQm rf/ zAbf] + s] cy{ hfgtf x} p;] s'i7 / f] u gxL xf] tf, jx zAb x} , lj, ;] , d] , / , / fhf ckg] gu/ d] cfs/ ;eL ljåfg kl08tf] + sf] a'nfs/ cy{ k"5f tf] sf] O{ gxL+ atf kfof . ta / fhf g] ckg] gu/ s] afx/ P] nfg s/ fof ls hf] Og ;a zAbf] + sf cy{ atfo] uf / fhf cfwf / fHo p;] b] b] +u] , tf] Ps a|fx\d0f wf/ fk'/ gu/ ;] cfof cf} / af] nf d] / L k'q jw"' g] cy{ atfg] sf] sxf x} n] lsg p;s] cf} / / fhf s] aLr kbf{ xf] uf, / fhf wf/ fk'/ gu/ uo] jxfF k'q jw' g] lj sf cy{ atfof .

lj– sf M– -!_ ljZjf; k|lt kGg] ;' o] r ljZjf; 3fltgM .t] oflGt g/ s+ 3f] / d\ sfHo dfgf o' dfgt' u} M ..

cy{M– ljZjf;3ft s/ g] jfnf JolQm g/ s sf] hftf xL x} p;] cGt d] + s'i7 / f] u eL xf] hftf x} .

;] – sf M– -@_ ;] t' jGw] ;d'b|] r u+uf ;fu/ ;+ud] \ .: gfTjf kfk ljd'QmM : oft\ lsldq+ b|f] x s/ + ljgf ..

cy{ M– ;] t' jGw' / fd] Zj/ d\ d] + of u+uf ;fu/ s] ;++ud : gfg s/ g] ;] JolQm kfk ;] d'Qm tf] xf] hftf n] lsg hf] ldq ;] seL ljZjf; 3ft gxL s/ tf x} cf} / .

d] – sf M– -#_ d] ? t'Noft\ dxf kfkft\ s[Tjf ;+ud\ ;tf+ g/ M .

d[To] t ;j{ kfk] eof] ldq b|f] xL g d'Rot] ..cy{ M– kxf8Þ s] ;dfg kfk Sof] + g lsof

uof xf] ;f} af/ ;+ud\ : gfg s/ g] ;] kfk gi6 xf] hftf x} n] lsg hf] JolQm ljZjf;3ft s/ tf x} ldq s] ;fy jf] rfx] xhf/ af/ ;+ud gxfo] sf] O{ kms{ gxL k8Þg] jfnf .

/ – sf M–-$_ / fhg ef] >[0f' db\ jfSo+ olb sNof0f .

b] lx bfg+ ;' ljk|] Eof] + ttM >] of] eljiolt ..cy{ M– x] / fhg cfksf sNof0f xf] k/

cfkg] ldq ;] wf] vf lsof yf, / fhf g] ;f] rf ha d} g] wf] vf lbof yf tf] sf] O{ tL;/ f gxL+ yf o] s} ;] hfgtL x} . tf] k'qjw" g] sxf ls dftf sfnL sL s[kf ;] d} g] efg'dtL sf ltn atf lbof yf tf] wf] v] sL Sof aft x} , / fhf ;dem uo] ls o] >Ldfg sflnbf; hL x} , / fhf g] k|0ffd s/ s] dfkmL dfFuf .

bofwfd / f] lx0fL ;] S6/ – ( lbNnL ef/ t

ldq s] ;fy wf] vf sf kmn cfrfo{ k+ ljho k|sfz zdf{

O{lGhlgo/ k|sfzrGb| ;fxPe/]i6 6]lSgsn OlG:6Ro'6

tyf

>L lszf]/L dlg 6«fG;km/ k|f=ln=ldN; Pl/of, hgsk'/wfd–!

wg'iff, g]kfn

gj jif{ @)&@

;fn sL pknIo

d]+ ;Dk"0f{ Oi6ldqf]+

sf] xflb{s d+undo

z'esfdgfP+

gLlt–syf


dbg k'/ : sf/ , ;femf k'/ : sf/ , l5Ggntf k'/ : sf/ ;] ;Ddflgt JolStTj lbg] z clwsf/ L hL g] kfnL sfJo hut, uLt hut cf} / l;g] hut s] ;'kl/ lrt x: tfIf/ x} + . sO{ sfJo s[ltof] + cf} / uLtf] + s] ;f] kfg ;] u'h/ tL x'O{ pgsL s'5 rolgt sljtfcf] + sf lxGbL cg'jfb ;+j] bgf s] : j/ s] ¿k d] + kf7sf] + s] ;dIf cfof x} .

sljtf, lh;sL ckgL xL b'lgof xf] tL x} . a] k/ jfx cf} / a] jfs ;L lsGt' x/ Ps lbn cf} / hHaft ;] h'8ÞL x'O{ . ox jx ljwf x} hf] seL tf] ?dfgL b'lgof d] + n] hftL x} tf] seL lhGbuL s] oyfy{ ;] xd] + kl/ lrt s/ ftL x} . ;+j] bgf s] : j/ d] + s'n 5Kkg sljtfcf] + sf] ;+slnt lsof uof x} . ;+u|x sL kxnL xL sljtf …r] tgf sL kL8ÞfÚ slj sL efjgfcf] + cf} / kL8Þf sf] ;Dk|] lift s/ g] d] + ;dy{ x} . kL8Þf r] tgf xL b] tL x} Sof] +ls r] tgzLn JolSt xL ;dem kftf x} ls p;s] kf; Sof c;+j] bgzLn 36 / xf x} . slj dg O; kL8Þf ;] u'h/ f x} . jf] b] v / xf x} sn sf] , cfh ;] u'h/ t] x'P . jf] lr+ltt x} ls Sof b] g] jfn] x} + ckgL cfg] jfnL kL9ÞL sf] O; cljZjf; cf} / czfGt w/ tL k/ teL tf] slj sxtf x} —

cf] gjhft lzz'÷t'Dxf/ ] gfd k/ ÷d} + Ps zf] suLt ufgf rfxtf x"F÷;as'5 x} ÷s] jn zflGt gxL+ x} w/ tL k/ ÷cfhsn n8ÞfO{ s] d} bfg d] + abn r'sf x} ÷ls;L sf] ls;L k/ ljZjf; gxL+ x} ======

Otgf xL gxL+ dfgjLo d"Nof] + sf Otgf x|f; xf] uof x} ls ljif JolSt sL g;f] + d] + 3'n uof x} , lzj g] ljifkfg lsof yf ;[li6 sL ;'/ Iff s] lnP lsGt' cfh JolSt s] / uf] + d] + hf] ljif e/ f x} jx l;km{ cf} / l;km{ ;+xf/ s] lnP x} —

ljif krfg] s] cy{ d] +÷ca sf] O{ eL cfbdL÷dxfb] j ;] sdhf] / gxL+ ldn ;stf÷cfhsn÷;fF;f] + d] + af?b÷cf} / uf] b d] + k"tgf sf ;+: sf/ ÷ kng] nuf x} ÷j] bgf ;] gLnL k8Þ r'sL x} cfsfz sL 5ftL÷cf} / w/ tL sL uf] b============.

;+u|x sL x/ sljtf ;dfh sL ljs[ltof] + cf} / sdhf] l/ of] + k/ s'7f/ f3ft s/ tL x} . dg'io ;Eotf s] rf] n] d] + lstgf : jfyL{ cf} / dtnak/ : t xf] uof x} ox efj pe/ s/ cftf x} ;+u|x sL sljtf …O{Zj/ cf} / cfbdLÚ d] + . p;L t/ x …ljjfxÚ sljtf d] + l/ Ztf] + sL k|uf9Þtf sf] ;dofg';f/ abnt] cf} / 6"6t] lbvfof uof x} . l/ Zt] hf] k|uf9Þ xf] t] x} + lsGt' p;sL k|uf9Þtf ;do, ;+3if{ cf} / cefj d] + sdhf] / xf] tL rnL hftL x} + .

b] z, ;dfh cf} / JolSt o] tLgf] +

36s k"/ L lzb\bt s] ;fy slj sL sljtf d] + pe/ s/ cfP x} + . ;+u|x sL sljtfcf] + s] cWoog ;]

seL–seL tf] nutf x} ls slj g] ufu/ d] + ;fu/ e/ g] sL sf] lzz sL x} . s'5 sljtfPF nDaL x} + lsGt'

af] lemn gxL+ x} + . Ps P] ;L xL sljtf x} xs{axfb'/ —zAbf] + sf rog s7f] / cjZo

x} lsGt' jf] slj sL afWotf x} Sof] +ls sl7gtf d] + sf] dntf sf ;dfj] z xf] gf c;Dej ;f x} . Ps xs{ axfb'/ b] z s] x/ p; JolSt sf k|ltlglwTj s/ tf x} hf] b] z s] sf] g] sf] g] d] + x} . ox sf] O{ Ps JolSt gxL+ x} k"/ f b] z x} . s'5 zAb hf] k|foM b] z ;] h'8Þ] xf] t] x} + d;ng—/ fi6«Lotf, : jfwLgtf cf} / gful/ stf . dfgf hftf x} ls / fi6«Lotf Kof/ L xf] tL x} , : jfwLgtf Kof/ L x} cf} / gful/ stf JolSt sL kxrfg xf] tL x} lsGt' o] ;a p; jSt a] dfog] xf] hft] x} + ha cefju|: t lhGbuL sL s8jÞL ;RrfO{ O+;fg s] ;fdg] xf] tL x} , s'5 P] ;] xL efj pe/ s/ cfP x} + xs{axfb'/ d] + .

;+u|x sL k|To] s sljtf k7gLo cf} / lrGtg of] Uo x} . sljtfcf] + s] cg'jfb sf hf] lvdk"0f{ sfd 8f= u+ufk|;fb cs] nf g] lsof x} . ;+j] bgf s] : j/ s] lnP slj lbg] z clwsf/ L awfO{ cf} / ;/ fxgf s] kfq x} + . pgs] sfJohLjg sL pQ/ f] Q/ k|ult sL z'esfdgf x} . lx=;+=

;[li6 cfksL, b[li6 xdf/ Lk': ts–;dLIff

cd] l/ sg sDKo"6/ P08 Nof+Uj] h ;] G6/ :6] zg / f] 8,hgsk'/ wfd, kmf] g g+=M )$!—%@!&((

gofF jif{ @)&@ s] ;'vb cj;/ k/ ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{, cleefjs, z'elrGts Pj+ gu/ jf;L d] + pQ/ f] Q/ k|ult sL sfdgf s] ;fy xL


gf] 6 M ljz] if 5"6 s] ;fy Computer & Language d] + egf{ z'? x} . ;fy xL Advance Science, Advance Management Bridge Course, Staff Nurse/ HA, Overseer Entrance Preparation sf7df+8" åf/ f ;~rfng xf] / xf x} .


cfhsnx/ cfbdL

ldlyn] z cflbTo

cfhsn x/ cfbdLxf] / xf x} 7u, a] O{dfgL cf} / nfnrcyf{t\ a'/ fO{of] + sL h8Þhd uO{ x} Ogs] cGb/ . ox Ps b";/ ] s] aLrckgL untL 5'kfg] s] lnPb] / x] x} + wfld{s pkb] z;dfh d] + HfLg] s] lnPlbvf / x] x} + wfld{s / f: t] wd{ sf] a9Þfg] s] lnPpT;flxt s/ / x] x} + k|f] T;flxt s/ / x] x} + . cR5L aftf] + s] dfWod ;] cfk; d] + 3lgi7 xf] / x] x} + cfh sf cfbdL: jR5 k|s[lt s] cfbdL d] ¿kfGtl/ t xf] / x] x} + k/ oxL cfbdLdf} sf kfg] k/ Ps b";/ ] sL s/ t] x} + a'/ fO{k"/ L s/ t] x} + ckgf : jfy{cf} / ;dfh sf] s/ t] x} + sdhf] / wd{ s] ;xf/ ] pkb] z s] ;xf/ ] . cGttM lkm/ lbvft] x} +ckgf If'b| : jefj = = =.

ox o'u

8f= pdf/ fgL l;+x

xfo / ] Û ox o'u, c/ ] Û xfo / ] Û ;dfh ÛÛSof sx / x] x} + cfh <

x} Sof] + gxL+ o] ;To,Gofo, gLltofF dxfg\ <lhgsf xdf/ ] wd{u|Gyf] +, g] lsof ljwfg Û

lh; kGy k/ k"j{h,xdf/ ] y] rn] seL Û p;;] ljd'v Sof] + xf] </ x] cfh x} + ;eL Û

OG;flgot Sof] + / f] / xL <Sof] + / f] / xf O{dfg <Sof] + xF; / x] x} jfg x} + <s'5 af] n abh'afg <

ho xf] / xf k|k+r sf,Sof] + wd{ x} 5nf / xf <Sof] + cGofo, cTofrf/ xL x} ;To sf] hnf / xf <

x] O{z Û ox Sof xf] / xf <Sof] + k|no 5f hftf gxL+ <Sof] + s[i0f lkm/ cjtf/ n] uLtf ;'gf hftf gxL+ < Sof] + b|f] 0f–ch'{g, / fd,cf} / cletfe lkm/ xf] t] gxL+ <Sof] + dfggLo aLh hg,x/ dg'h d] + af] t] gxL+ <

sljtfP+

gof ;a] / f

a[h] Gb| >Ljf: tj …pTsif{Ú

gP ;fn sf, gof ;a] / f,ha, cDa/ ;] w/ tL k/ pt/ ] ,ta, zflGt, k|] d sL k+v'l/ ofF,w/ tL s] s0f–s0f k/ lav/ ] +,

lrl8of] + s] sn/ j ufg s] ;+u,dfgjtf sL z'¿ sxfgL xf] ,lkm/ g ls;L sf nx" ax] ,g ls;L cfFv d] + kfgL xf] ,

zagd sL ;t/ +uL a"Fb] +,a/ ;] 3/ –3/ åf/ ,ld6] u/ LaL,e'vd/ L,gkm/ t sL bLjf/ ,

708L–708L kjg vf] n b] ,;d/ ;tf s] åf/ ,;To,clx+;f,cf} / k|] d,;Lv] ;f/ f ;+;f/ ,

;"/ h sL pmh{fdo ls/ 0f] +,cGt/ dg sf td x/ n] ,gO{ ;f] +r s] gj k|eft ;] ,3/ 3/ d+un bLk hn] +/ /

efUockgL ls: dt s] s'5 bfg] lrl8Þof n] s/ hftL x} ,/ f] h ;a] / ] O; cfzf ;] lkm/ jf] jfk; cftL x} .cfh sf bfgf d} +g] kfof Sof sn lkm/ d} + kfpmFuL <oxL ;f] rs/ ys] k+vf] + sf] af/ af/ ;xnftL x} .lkm/ gO{ hf] z s] ;fykm} nfs/ ckg] k+vf] + sf] b"/ sxL+ p8Þ hftL x} .wGo xf] …t'dÚ lh;g] / rgf sL O; ;+;f/ sL .5f] 6] a8Þ] ;eL kft] x} +ckg] ckg] efUo sL .

dflngL ld>


g] kf n ;/ sf / ;"rgf tyf ;~rf / dGqf no

;"rgf l jef u

ufp“ ufp“ / 6f]n–6f]naf6

p7f}+, ;fIf/tf cleofgdf h'6f}+

;fIf/ agf}+, ;fIf/ agfcf}+, ;fIf/

g]kfn cleofg ;kmn kf/f}+ .


sf‘kf]{/]6

] Disciplined environment with moderate strictness.]Weel managed classrooms as students and guardians wish.]Education is imparted by experienced and dedicated lectures in secondary level.]B.Ed, B.Sc. BBA passed and experienced teachers ara teaching in lower secondary

and Primary level.]Experienced, kind and loving lady teachers are teaching in Nursary to class UKG.]Privision of Audio-Visual Class.]Highly resourceful library and laboratory.]Free Coaching class for weak students.]Transportation & Hostel Facilities for students.

27 years of dedicated Service

South point Res. SchoolJanakpurdham-9 (Between Banshi Chowk & Thapa Chowk)

Admission Open from Nursary

to Class SixOUR SPECIAL ATTRACTION

Contact:041-522483, 530484

www.southpointrs.edu.np

eLd;]g dxtdsjfgk'/ d}bf pBf]u

x]6f}8f

gofF jif{ @)&@ s] ;'vb cj;/ k/ ;d:t ldq, z'elrGts, Jofkf/ L, pBf] uL ;lxt b]z jf;L d] + ;'–:jf:Yo Pj+ pQ/ f] Q/ k|ult

sL sfdgf s] ;fy xL xflb{s d+undo z'esfdgf .

ef/tLo xf] 6n Joj: yfkg d]+ rf}w/L sL ;fem] bf/ Lg] kfnL pBf] uklt ljgf] b rf} w/ L s]

;LhL sk{ Unf] an xf] 6n Joj: yfkg lbvg] jfn] ef/ tLo sDkgL s] ;fem] bf/ L v/ Lbf x} . !! j+] b] z d] cf/ fdbfoL xf] 6n ;~rfng s/ tf cf / xf ;LhL sk{ xf] 6n Joj: yfkg sDkgL sG;] K6 xl: k6fln6L s] ;fem] bf/ L lsof x} . sG;] K6 xl: k6fln6L ef/ t d] + kmg{ a|f08 sf xf] 6n ;~rfng s/ tf cf / x] x} + . g] kfn s] !$) ;fn k'/ fgf rf} w/ L ;d"x s] cGt/ fi6«Lo l8lehg ;LhL sk{ ox ;fem] bf/ L v/ Lbg] s/ g] s] lnP %) s/ f] 8Þ ef/ tLo lgj] z lso] hfg] sf ;dfrf/ afx/ cfof x} . rf} w/ L g] g] kfn d] s'5 ;do kxn] / ljeQm >] i7 s] ;fem] bf/ L d] + ;ld6 xf] 6n v/ Lbf yf . ;ld6 xf] 6n sf] a'l6s xf] 6n s] ¿k d] + ;~rfng s/ g] sL t} of/ L xf] / xL x} . ;LhL sk{ b] v / x] ljgf] b rf} w/ L sf a] 6f / fx'n eL

sG;] K6 xl: k6fln6L s] z] o/ sf] v/ Lbf x} . / fx'n g] sxf x} , sG;] K6 xl: k6fln6L s] z] o/ v/ Lbg] s] afb l;lh g] goL+ pFrfO{ kfoL x} cf} / xl: k6fln6L If] q d] + blIf0f Plzof sf ;a;] a8Þf lvnf8ÞL agf x} . d'DaO{ s] sDkgL sG;] K6 xl: k6fln6L ef/ t d] + !# xf] 6n s] Joj: yfkg s/ / xf x} . sDkgL yk !% xf] 6n s] Joj: yfkg ;~rfng s/ g] + sL t} of/ L d] + x} sDkgL g] hfgsf/ L lbof x} . ljgf] b rf} w/ L cWoIf / x] l;hL ;d"x ;g\ @)@) ts ljZje/ @)) xf] 6n ;~rfng s/ g] s] nIo lnof x} . O; of] hgf cGt{ut l;hL g] ef/ t d] + tLg xhf/ ;] Hofbf ?d sf xf] 6n ;~rfng s/ g] sL of] hgf eL agfoL x} . rfprfp a|f08 jfO{jfO{ ;] kxrfg agfP l;hL sk{ lh+s a|f08 s] 5ftf d] eL xf] 6n ;~hfn lj: tf/ s/ / xf x} .

Unf] an cfOPdO{ a} +s ca s0ff{nL d+]

Unf] an cfOPdO{ a} +s g] s0ff{nL c~rn, sfnLsf] 6 lhnf s] dfGdf ahf/ d] + ckgf *% jfF zfvf lj: tf/ lsof x} . pQm zfvf sf] g] kfn / fi6« a} +s s] tTsfnLg ueg{/ 8f= o'j/ fh vltj8f g] pb3f6g lsof yf . pb\3f6g ;df/ f] x d] a} +s s] cWoIf rGb|k|;fb 9sfn g] sfnLsf] 6 lhnf d] ax't kxn] ;] a} +s sL cfjZostf dx;"; xf] g] s] sf/ 0f Unf] an cfOPdO{ a} +s g] ckgf zfvf lj: tf/ lsof x} atfof . O;L t/ x a} +s

s] k|d'v sfo{sf/ L clws[t / Tg/ fh ah|frfo{ g] a} +s åf/ f k|bfg xf] tL cf / xL ;'ljwf 5f] 6f Joj;foL shf{, s[lif shf{, / ] ld6\ofG; ;'ljwf, xf] d nf] g nufot sL ;] jfcf] + s] dfWod ;] sfnLsf] 6 If] q s] cfly{s ;Da[l4 d] + ;xof] u kxF'rg] sf ljZjf; k|s6 lsof . sfo{qmd d] g] kfn pBf] u jfl0fHo dxf;+3 s] cWoIf k|lbk h+u kf08] sL eL pkl: ylt yL . lghL If] q ;] ;~rflnt ls;L eL Joj;flos a} +sf] + sL zfvf sflnsf] 6 lhnf d] + gxL+ x} . pSt lhnf d] + zfvf lj: tf/ s/ g] jfn] Unf] an cfOPdO{ a} +s kxnf a} +s x} . a} +s sfnLsf] 6 d] + zfvf lj: tf/ s/ t] x'P cj !$ c~rn ;] ckg] u|fxs sf] ;] jf k|bfg s/ ] uf . Unf] an cfOPdO{ a} +s sL *% zfvf, ** Pl6Pd, ## zfvf/ lxt a} +lsË ;] jf tyf % nfv ;] Hofbf u|fxs x} .


;dfrf/

sf7dfG8" . g] kfn ef/ t dlxnf d} qL ;dfh g] b] z s] ljleGg lhnf d] + / x / x] kGw| 5fqfcf] + sf] 5fqj[lt k|bfg lsof x} . !)% jfF cGt/ {fi6«Lo dlxnf lbj; Pj+ g] kfn ef/ t dlxnf d} qL ;dfh sL : yfkgf s] b";/ ] jif{ufF7 s] cj;/ k/ ;dfh g] sf7dfG8" d] + ljz] if sfo{qmd sf cfof] hg s/ ox 5fqj[lt k|bfg lsof x} .

jif{ufF7 s] cj;/ k/ cfof] lht ;df/ f] x d] + k|d'v cltly pk/ fi6«klt k/ dfgGb emf g] dlxnfcf] + sf] lzlIft agfg] s] lnP ;dfh g] hf] cleofg z'? lsof x} p;sL ;/ fxgf lsof . pGxf+] g] ha ts dlxnf ;fIf/ gxL+ xf] +uL ta ts b] z sf ljsf; ;Dej gxL+ x} sxf, pGxf] +g] ;eL sf] ckg] : t/ ;] cleofg d] + ;xof] u kx'Frfg] sf cfu|x eL lsof .

sfo{qmd d] + t/ fO{ dw] z nfs] tfFlqs kf6L{ s] pkfWoIf x[bo] z lqkf7L g] ;dfh d] + dlxnf s] ;fy xf] / x] lje] b s] af/ ] d] + rrf{ s/ t] x'P x/ t/ x sf lje] b c+t s/ g] k/ hf] / Þ lbof . pGxf] g] lzIff xL lje] b sf] cGt s/ g] sf dfWod x} atft] x'P dlxnf lzIff k/ hf] / lbof .

g] kfn ef/ t dlxnf d} qL ;dfh sL cWoIf rGbf rf} w/ L g] dlxnf lzIff s] If] q d] + ;dfh g] hf] cleofg z'? lsof x} p;] lg/ Gt/ tf b] g] sL k|lta4tf JoSt sL . sfo{qmd d] + gjnk/ f;L u'7L k/ ;f} gL sL Hof] lt rdf/ , lgt'ddNnfx, lrtjg l6xfgL sL k|ltdf ljs, lrtjg

a;f} bf sL odg] G;f dxtf] ,dxf] Q/ L nf] xf/ k6\6L sL dxfb] jL d08n, dxf] Q/ L vf] kL sL oz' s'df/ L rf} w/ L, dsjfgk'/ x] 6f} 8f sL l/ h} g 3f;} +gL,, dsjfgk'/ xl6of sL Pln;f / fO{, / f] tx6 dxdbk'/ sL cDaLsf s'df/ L ofbj, s~rgk'/ ;'8f sL l: dtf / fgf yf?, s~rgk'/ w] v] te'nL sL cg'dtL / fgf yf?, slknj: t' a/ u9jf sL cf: yf rf} w/ L, slknj: t' dx'jf sL uLtf ofbj Pj+ ;nf{xL sf} 8] gf sL ;fn' s'df/ L ofbj, ;nf{xL xl/cf}g sL /fgLs'df/L ;fx sf] 5fqj[lt k|bfg s/ g] sL 3f] if0ff sL uO{ . cWoIf rf} w/ L g] 5fqfcf] + sf] g;{/ L sIff ;] ljZjljBfno tx ts s] lnP 5fqj[lt sL Joj: yf lso] hfg] sL aft atfoL . pGxf] g] 5fqj[lt s] lnP ;xof] u s/ g] jfnf] + s] k|lt tx] lbn ;] cef/ JoSt s/ t] x'P cfufdL lbg d] + cf} /

;xof] u kfg] sL ck] Iff htfof .Plss[t dfcf] jfbL sL g] t[ lxl;nf

odL g] cGt/ f{i6«Lo dlxnf lbj; s] dxTj s] ;+aGw d] + rrf{ s/ t] x'P dlxnf sL cj: yf d] + ;'wf/ s/ g] s] lnP eL ax't sfd s/ g] sL aft atfoL .

O;L t/ x sfo{qmd d] + g] kfn l: yt ef/ tLo b"tfjf; s] 8] k'6L lrkm ckm b ld;g kLo"if >Ljf: tj g] g] kfn ef/ t ;+aGw s] rrf{ s/ t] x'P bf] gf+] b] zf] + s] l/ Zt] sf] cf} / dha"t s/ g] d] + dlxnf sL e"ldsf sL cxd xf] g] sL aft sL . sfo{qmd d] + g] kfn ef/ t dlxnf d} qL ;dfh sf] ;xof] u s/ t] cf / x] ljeGg @# JolSt Pj+ ;+: yf sf] eL ;Ddflgt lsof uof . O;L t/ x ef/ tLo ;fF: s[lts s] Gb| ;] cfa4 clgtf yfkf, zld{nf If] qL Pj+ dltgf dfgGw/ g] g[To k|: t't lsof yf .

cGt / f{i6«Lo gf/ L lbj; s] cj;/ k/ g] kfn ef/ t d} qL ;dfh åf/ f sfo{qmd cfof] lht

hgsk'/ b'Uw ljt/ 0f cfof] hgf9Ns]j/, hgsk'/ wfd

gofF jif{ @)&@ s] ;'vb cj;/ k/ ;d:t pkef] Qmf, u|fxs Pj+ g] kfnjf;L d] + pQ/ f] Q/ k|ult sL sfdgf s] ;fy xL



-kfFr cfbldof] + s] lnP_;fdu|L M ! lsnf] uf] Zt, % Kofh 5f] 6] 5f] 6]

6's8Þf] + d] + s6f x'cf, %÷& ;"vf nfn ldr{, @ 5f] 6f rDdr kf] : tf bfgf, !)÷!@ sfa"nL afbfd, $ a8ÞL OnforL, @6's8Þf bfnrLgL, % 5f] 6L OnforL, &÷* nf} +u, *÷!) sfnL ldr{, @÷# hfljqL, @ a8Þf rDdr ;fa't wlgof, @ a8Þf rDdr ;fa't hL/ f, Ps sk bxL, Ps sk 3L, Ps 6's8Þf gfl/ on sb\b's; lsof x'cf, gds : jfbfg';f/ .

ljlw M

pmk/ lbP uP ;eL u/ d d;fnf] + sf] afbfd cf} / gfl/ on ;lxt ;"vf xL tj] k/ xNsf u/ d s/ n] + . p;s] afb ldS;L d] + dxLg kL; n] +, Kofh sf k] : 6 agf n] + . ca k|] ;/ s's/ d] + Ps sk 3L u/ d s/ ] + cf} / Ps 5f] 6f rDdr hL/ f cf} / @÷# t] hkQ] ;] 3L sf] r6sf n] + . p;s] afb p;d] + Kofh sf k] : 6 cf} / d;fnf] + sf k] : 6 8fns/ ;f] +wf xf] g] ts e"g] + ha d;fnf t] n 5f] 8Þb] ta p;d] + bxL 8fn b] +, bxL ha d;fn] d] + ldn hfP ta p;d] + uf] : t 8fn] + cf} / p;] ta ts e"g] + ha ts ufZt nfn gf xf] hfo . p;s] afb p;d] + Ps Unf; kfgL 8fn s/ : jfbfg';f/ gds 8fn] + cf} / s's/ sf 9Ssg nuf s/ rf/ ;L6L ahg] ts ksfPF . nLlhP cfksf nhLh cf} / : jflbi6 / f] ug hf] ; t} of/ x} .

b] zL : jfb

dw' emf

rfjn s] cf6] sL bfnk"/ L M

;fdu|L M ! lsnf] rfjn sf cf6f, cfwf lsnf] rgf bfn, @ Kofh sf k] : 6, nx;'g k] : 6, yf] 8Þf ;fa't hL/ f, @ x/ L ldr{ sf k] : 6 cf} / hL/ f

kfp8/ , wlgof kfp8/ , ;/ ;f] sf t] n cf} / gds : jfbfg';f/ .ljlw M ;a;] kxn] rgf bfn sf] xNsf pafn n] +-k"/ f ungf gxL+ rflxP_, afb d] +

bfn sf kfgL lgyf/ n] + p;s] afb pmk/ bL uO{ ;fdu|L sf] bfn d] + cR5L t/ x ldnf n] + .

ca Ps at{g d] + kfgL pang] s] lnP / v] + . kfgL Otgf xf] lh;d] + rfjn s] cf6] sf] cR5L t/ x ;] ldnfof hf ;s] . ha kfgL k"/ L t/ x pan hfP tf] p;d] + wL/ ] wL/ ] rfjn sf cf6f lu/ fPF cf} / rnft] / x] + . k"/ L t/ x ldng] ts p;] rnft] / x] + . afb d] + u} ; aGb s/ b] + . cf6] sf] ptf/ s/ ax't g/ d u"Fy n] + . ca lkm/ r'Nx] sf] hnfPF cf} / s8ÞfxL r9Þfs/ p;d] + tng] s] lnP t] n 8fn] + . hats t] n u/ d xf] tats xfy d] + t] n nufs/ cf6] sL 5f] 6L–5f] 6L nf] O{ agf n] + . ca bf]

nf] O{ s] aLr d] + bfn s] ld>0f sf] / vs/ e/ ] + cf} / xy] nL s] aLr d] + / vs/ ykykfs/ k"/ L agfPF cf} / lkm/ p;] u/ d t] n d] + 8fns/

tn n] + . cfksL rfjn sL k"l/ ofF t} of/ x} + O;] uf] eL sL / ;bf/ ;AhL, crf/ of uf] Zt s] ;fy k/ f] ;]

cf} / vfg] sf cfgGb n] + .

/ f] ug hf] ; M

;'/ ] Gb| s'df/ e08f/ L;lrj

hgsk'/ pBf] u jfl0fHo ;+3hgsk'/

gofF jif{ @)&@ s] ;'vb cj;/ k/ ;d:t ldq, z'elrGts, Jofkf/ L, pBf] uL, lzIff k|] dL ;lxt gu/ jf;L d] + pQ/ f] Q/ k|ult sL

sfdgf s] ;fy xL xflb{s d+undo z'esfdgf .

cfhsn nf] uf] + sL h'jfg ;] b] zL Jo+hgf] + sf : jfb pt/ tf hf / xf x} . lkHhf, au{/ , rfpldg sf : jfb aRr] cf} / a8 Þf] + sf] Hofbf efg] nuf x} . k/ ckg] b] zL Jo+hgf] + sL aft xL s'5 cf} / x} . s'5 Jo+hg hf] xdf/ ] / ;f] O{3/ k/ xd] zf ;] 5fP x'P x} + cfh pgd] + ;] s'5 sL agfg] sL ljlwofF gLr] bL hf / xL x} + . cfhdfPF cf} / 3/ s] z'4 vfg] sf : jfb n] + .


hGdbtf{, d[To'btf{, ljjfxbtf{, a;fO{ ;/fO{ ;d]t #% lbgleq u/]df lgMz'Ns btf{ ul/g] / #% lbg gf3]df b08hl/jfgf nfUg] ePsf] x'Fbf

;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ hfgsf/Lsf] nflu cg'/f]w ub{5f}+ .

dx]Zj/ dxtf];lrj

e/tk'/ uflj;, dxf]Q/L

v'lz/fd ofbj;lrj

albof jgrf}/L uflj;, dxf]Q/L

/fdljgo kf08];lrj

wdf}/f uflj;, dxf]Q/L

/fh]Gb| dxtf];lrj

w/dk'/ uflj;, dxf]Q/L

/fdPsjfn ofbj;lrj

xl/d/L uflj;, dxf]Q/L

dx]Zj/ dxtf];lrj

nIdLlgof uflj;, dxf]Q/L

lgTg]Zj/ emf;lrj

a;la§L uflj;, dxf]Q/L

/fdkbf/y 7fs'/;lrj

e|d/k'/f uflj;, dxf]Q/L

efUorGb| ld>;lrj

;f]gfdfO{yfg uflj;, dxf]Q/L

efUorGb| ld>;lrj

xflQ;jf{ uflj;, dxf]Q/L

/fdPsjfn ofbj;lrj

v'§flkk/fxL uflj;, dxf]Q/L

;/f]h ld>;lrj

a6]Zj/ uflj;, wg'iff

;/f]h ld>;lrj

e'OFrqmk'/ uflj;, wg'iff

j}hgfy d08n;lrj

t'nl;ofxL hAbL uflj;, wg'iff

ef]u]Gb| ;fx;lrj

km'nudf uflj;, wg'iff

ah/+u rf}w/L;lrj

7]/fsr'/L uflj;, wg'iff

;f]zLn 7fs'/;lrj

nvf}/L uflj;, wg'iff

uf}/Lz+s/ bf;;lrj

;f]gf}n uflj;, dxf]Q/L

b]j]Gb|s'df/ ld>;lrj

sh/f /df}n uflj;, wg'iff


d] if– -r', r] = rf] = nf= nL= n"= n] =nf] =c=_ d] if / flzjfnf] + s] lnP ox dfx ;fdfGo xL / x] uf . dfx s] k"jf{4 d] + si6 zq'eo, aGwg sL dx;"; tyflk lsl~rt wg k|flKt tyf sfo{l;l4 xf] uL tyf pQ/ fw{ eL si6bfos tyf kL8Þfbfos k/ Gt' lsl~rt wg k|flKt xf] uL . cfk s] lnP b'uf{ ;KtztL sf kf7 nfes/ xf] uf .

j[if– -O=p=P=cf] =jf= lj=j'= j] = jf] _ j[if / flzjfnf] + s] lnP ox dfx dWod x} , dfx s] k"jf{4 d] + zf/ Ll/ s / f] u, xflg, zf] s, zq'eo k/ Gt' b'Jo{nfe tyf zq' ljhoL / x] +u] . cf} / pQ/ fw{ eL si6bfos / x] uf tyflk cGttM sfo{l;l4 tyf ljhoL / x] +u] . cfk s] lnP lji0f'zx: qgfd sf kf7 nfes/ xf] uf .

ldy'g– -s= ls= s'= w=ª= 5= s] = sf] = x_ ldy'g / flzjfnf] + s] lnP ox dfx z'ebfos x} . dfx s] k"jf{4 cf} / pQ/ fw{ d] + rf} kfof nfe–wg k|flKt ;'v, gjsfo{ k|f/ De, Jofkf/ d] + j[l4 tyf sfo{l;l4 xf] uL k/ Gt' zq'cf] + ;] ;fjwfgL j/ tgL xf] uL cfk æpm gdM lzjfoÆ sf hfk s/ ] + .

ss{– -lx=x'=x] =xf] =8f=8L=8'=8] =8f] _ ss{ / flzjfnf] + s] lnP ox dfx ;dfGotof z'e xL / x] uf . dfx s] k"jf{4 d] + wd{xflg, / f] u, k'qsi6 s] jfjh"b wg k|flKt ceotf tyf 1fgj[l4 xf] uL tyf pQ/ fw{ d] + rf} kfof nfe–;'v b'Jo{nfe tyf sfo{l;l4 xf] uL k/ Gt' k'qsi6 tyf dfgl;s tgfj sf] gsf/ f gxL+ hf ;stf t;y{ xg'dfg

rfln;f sf kf7 s/ ] + . l;+x– -df=ld=d'=d] =df] =6f=l6=6'=6] _ l;+x / flzjfnf] +

s] lnP ox dfx si6bfos x} + . dfx s] k"jf{4 d] + kL8Þf, lrGtf, zq'j[l4, dfgl;s tgfj k/ Gt' lsl~rt wg k|flKt tyf pQ/ fw{ eL si6bfos xL x} tyflk ceotf k|flKt cfk s] lnP lzj sf pkf;gf nfes/ xf] uf .

sGof– -o] = k= kL=k"=if=0f=7=k] =kf] _ sGof / flzjfnf] + s] lnP ox dfx dWod x} . dfx s] k"jf{4 d] + Joy{ e|d0f, dgd'6fj, zf/ Ll/ s si6 tyflk efUo j[l4 tyf wgnfe xf] uf . tyf pQ/ fw{ d] + eL si6 tyf Joo xf] t] x'P eL nfe, ;'v tyf 1fgj[l4 xf] uL . cfk s] lnP xg'dfg rfln;f sf kf7 nfes/ xf] uf .

t'nf– -/ f=l/ =?=/ ] =/ f] =tf=tL=t'=t] _ t'nf / flzjfnf] + s] lnP ox dfx si6bfos x} + . dfx s] k"jf{4 d] + xflg, ljklQ, zf] s Joo tyflk nfe ljho tyf pGglt xf] uL . dfx s] pQ/ fw{ d] + rf} kfof xflg k/ Gt' e|d0f ;] nfe tyf pGglt sL dfu{ bz{g xf] uf . cfk s] lnP b'uf{ ;KtztL sf kf7 nfes/ xf] uf .

j[lZrs– -tf] =gf=lg=g'=g] =gf] =of=lo=o"_ j[lZrs / flzjfnf] + s] lnP ox dfx z'ebfos / x] uf . dfx s] k"jf{4 d] + ;'v, wd{/ lt, efUoj[l4, b'Jo{nfe, ljhoL k/ Gt' zf/ Ll/ s si6 xf] uf . pQ/ fw{ d] + rf} kfof nfe, ;'v, sfo{l;l4, ljhoL tyf k'q ;'v k|flKt . cfk s] lnP ;"o{ sL pkf;gf nfes/ xf] uf .

wg'– -o=of] = ef= eL=e"=w=km= 9= e] _ wg' / flzjfnf] + s] lnP ox dfx si6bfos x} + . dfx s] k"jf{4 cf} / pQ/ fw{ bf] gf] + kIff] + d] ljz] if sf] O{ eL ;kmntf sL cfz gxL+ sL hf ;stL j/ g\ zq'j[l4, Sn] z tyf si6f] + sf ;fdgf s/ gf k8Þ ;stf x} . t;y{ cfk xg'dfg rfln;f tyf æpm= gdM lzjfoÆ sf kf7 tyf hfk s/ ] + .

ds/ – -ef] =hf=hL=h'=h] =hf] =v=lv=v'=v] =vf] =uf=uL_ds/ / flzjfnf] + s] lnP ox dfx dWod kmnbfos x} . dfx s] k"jf{4 d] + si6 tyf c1ft eo xf] t] x'P eL wg,dfg d] + j[l4 ;fy xL k'q ;'v, cfo'j[l4, 1fgj[l4 xf] uL tyf pQ/ fw{ d] + wg, dfg d] + j[l4 tyf ;'vf] + sL cg'e'lt xf] t] x'P eL dfgxflg ;] ar] + . cfk s] lnP b'uf{ ;KtztL sf kf7 nfes/ xf] uf .

s'De– -h'=h] =uf] =;f=;L=;'=;] =;f] =b_ s'De / flzjfnf] + s] lnP ox dfx dWod kmnbfos / x] uf . dfx s] k"jf{4 d] + eod\ zf] s, dgd'6fj tyf zf/ Ll/ s / f] uf] + ;] k/ ] zfgL tyflkt wg k|flKt nfe xf] uf cf} / pQ/ fw{ d] + eL si6f] + sf] ;fdgf s/ t] x'P eL cGttM sfo{l;l4 tyf b'Jo{nfe xf] uf . cfk s] lnP lzj pkf;gf nfes/ xf] uf .

dLg– -bL=O=y=em=~f= b] = bf] = r= rL_ dLg / flzjfnf] + s] lnP ox dfx si6bfos x} . dfx s] k"jf{4 tyf pQ/ fw{ bf] gf] + kIff+] d] + rf} kfof xflg tyf zf] s, : yfgxflg xf] t] x'P eL k'q tyf pQ/ fw{ d] + eL sf] O{ ljz] if ;kmntf gxL+ k/ Gt' wgk|flKt xf] uL . cfk s] lnP æpm j[= j[x: kto] gfdMÆ tyf lji0f'zx: qgfd sf kf7 s/ ] + .

-ox / flzkmn ! dfr{ ;] n] s/ #! dfr{ ts nfu" xf] uf_/ flzkmn k|: t't / flzkmn ! ck|Ln ;]

#) ck|Ln ts nfu" xf] uf

n] vsM k+=Hof] = x/ ] s[i0f emf -Hof] ltiffrfo{_df] = g= (*$$)&@!(^, sf7df+8Þ"

efg'eQm Ps] 8dLjsLn 6f] n, hgsk'/ wfd

gofF jif{ @)&@ s] ;'vb cj;/ k/ ;d:t ljBfyL{, cleefjs, lzIfs—lzlIfsf, sd{rf/ L, z'elrGts Pj+ gu/ jf;L d] + pQ/ f] Q/ k|ult sL sfdgf s] ;fy xL


gjjif{ @)&@ sf] ;'vb cj;/df xfd|f

;d:t u|fxs ju{x¿df ;'v, zflGt, ;d[l4,

;': jf:Yo, bL3f{o' Pj+ ;kmntfsf] xflb{s

d+undo z'esfdgf JoQm ub{5f}+ .

g]kfn 6]lnsdkl/jf/

xflb{s z'esfdgf


dgf]/~hg

;: k] G; ly|n/ lkmNd …dfnfÚ ;'k/ lx6

;: k] G; ly|n/ lkmNd g] kfn d] + ax't sd xL agtL x} . agL eL x} tf] jx lkmNd bz{sf+] sf] / f] dfGr gxL+ b] ;sL x} . ;: k] G; ly|n/ sL bf} 8Þ d] + zfldn …dfnfÚ lkmNd k|blz{t xf] r'sL x} . O; lkmNd d] + Ps cfTdf sL sxfgL x} . …dfnfÚ gfd sL

n8ÞsL x} lh;sf] zfbL s/ g] s] afb a] r lbof hftf x} . p; s] afb Ps h+un d] + hf s/ dfnf cfTdxTof s/ n] tL x} . phnL ;f8ÞL kxgL x'O{ dfnf ;] e"t–k|] t g dfgg] jfnf 8fS6/ cfo{g l;Ub] n eL 8/ hftf x} . Sof] +ls gfos l;Ub] n s] ;kgf] + d] + jx af/ af/ lbvfO{ b] tL x} .

cfo{g p; o'jtL sL jf: tljstf hfgg] s] lnP ;kgf d] + cfg] jfn] ufFj d] + kx+'rtf x} . dfnf sf} g x} , ;kgf d] + cfg] sf sf/ 0f Sof x} , ox ;: k] G; lkmNd d] + sfkmL / f] dfl~rt t/ Ls] ;] k|: t't lsof uof x} . g] kfn d] + a9Þ / x] n8Þlsof] + sL t: s/ L cf} / ls8gL t: s/ sL syf sf] eL O; lkmNd d] + p7fof uof x} . O; lkmNd sL gflosf lk|osf sfsL{ sf clego ax't hf] / bf/ x} tf] gfos cfo{g l;Ub] n g] eL sf] O{ s;/ gxL+ 5f] 8Þf x} ckg] ls/ bf/ sf rl/ q lgefg] d] + . …dfnfÚ ox ;fn sL pTs[i6 lkmNd sL ;'lr d] + x} + . lkmNd sL k|: tlt, syfj: t', k6syf sL tfl/ km s/ gL xL k8] ÞuL . g] kfn d] + agL ;: k] G;–ly|n/ lkmNdf] + d] + ;] ox lkmNd pTs[i6 ;fljt xf] / xL x} .

gjjif{ @)&@ s] z'ecj;/ k/ ;d: t u|fxs ju{ tyf b] zjf;L d] +

;':jf:Yo Pj+ bL3f{o' sL xflb{s d+undo z'esfdgf

JoQm s/ t] x}+ .

xflb{s z'esfdgf

k|f]= gf/fo0f k|;fb rf}/l;oflg/h l;6 d]6n js{zk

Olt6f]n, nlntk'/df]= g++= (*$!@^*#$)

gjjif{ @)&@ s] z'ecj;/ k/ ;d: t sd{rf/L, u|fxs ju{, z'elrGts tyf b] zjf;L d] + ;':jf:Yo Pj+ bL3f{o'

sL xflb{s d+undo z'esfdgf JoQm s/ t] x}+ .

xflb{s z'esfdgf

wd]{Gb| ;fxdf]= (*%!!$%^**

/f}gs sfi7 ;M ldn;]N; l8kf] hgsk'/wfd

s]= P08 s]= sfi7 uf]bfdk]K;Lsf]nf, sf7df8f}+–#%, )!$((#)%&

/fds}nfz ;fxdf]= (*%$)@)@##

ljleGg hftsf] sf7 tyf em\ofn, rf}s;, 9f]sf]sf nflu ;Dks{ ug'{xf]nf .


snf÷;flxTo

ljZj slj lbj; k/ kf]odf+8" sf @^jf+ ;+:s/0f .



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