Appendix The materia medica of the 1789 Pharmacopoeia: Botanical Materials 1789 Listing 1931 or later Listing Artemisia Abrotanum Artemisia abrotanum Artemisia maritima Artemesia maritima Artemisia Absinthium Artemisia absinthium Rumex Acetosa Rumex acetosa Aconitum Napellus Aconitum napellus Allium sativum Allium sativum Aloe perfoliata Aloe vera etc. Althaea officinalis Althaea officinalis (Amygdala amara) Amygdalus communis var. amara Modern country name Representative synonyms Southernwood Old Man, Lad's Love, Boy's Love Sea Wormwood Old Woman Common Wormwood Green Ginger Garden Sorrel Green Sauce, Sour Sauce, Cuckoo Sorrow Aconite Monkshood, Blue Rocket, Friar's Cap Garlic Poor Man's Treacle Aloes (The chief varieties of Aloes are Curacao or Barbados, Socotrine (including Zanzibar) and Cape) Marsh Mallow Mallards, Mauls, Schloss Tea, Cheeses, Mortification Root Bitter Almond 717 Part used leaf top herb leaf herb root root and leaf nut
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Appendix
The materia medica of the 1789 Pharmacopoeia:
Botanical Materials
1789 Listing 1931 or later Listing
Artemisia Abrotanum Artemisia abrotanum
Artemisia maritima Artemesia maritima
Artemisia Absinthium Artemisia absinthium
Rumex Acetosa Rumex acetosa
Aconitum Napellus Aconitum napellus
Allium sativum Allium sativum
Aloe perfoliata Aloe vera etc.
Althaea officinalis Althaea officinalis
(Amygdala amara) Amygdalus communis
var. amara
Modern country name Representative synonyms
Southern wood Old Man, Lad's Love, Boy's Love
Sea Wormwood Old Woman
Common Wormwood Green Ginger
Garden Sorrel Green Sauce, Sour Sauce, Cuckoo Sorrow
Aconite Monkshood, Blue Rocket, Friar's Cap
Garlic Poor Man's Treacle
Aloes (The chief varieties of Aloes are Curacao or Barbados, Socotrine (including Zanzibar) and Cape)
Marsh Mallow Mallards, Mauls, Schloss Tea, Cheeses, Mortification Root
Bitter Almond
717
Part used
leaf
top
herb
leaf
herb
root
root and leaf
nut
MODERN DRUG USE
1789 Listing Modern country name 1931 or later Listing Representative synonyms Part used
(Amygdala dulcis) Sweet Almond nut Amygdalus communis
Myristica Mofchata Mace the essential oil, Myristica fragrans Myristica officinalis the expressed
Myristica moschata (The fruits oil 'commonly of Myristica fragrans resemble a called oil of pear and contain a single erect mace', and seed, the nucleus being the mace - 1789 wrinkled 'nutmeg', and the version fleshy, irregular covering, which is scarlet when fresh but dries yellow, is the 'mace'.)
Quercus Robur Common Oak bark Quercus robur Tanner's Bark
726
1789 Listing 1931 or later Listing
Cochlearia Armoracia Cochlearia armoracia
Rheum palmatum Rheum palmatum
Ribes nigrum Ribes nigrum
Ribes rubrum Ribes rubrum
Ricinus communis Ricinus communis
Rosa centifolia Rosa centifolia
Rosa Gallica Rosa gallica
Rosmarinus officinalis Rosmarinus officinalis
Rubia tinctorum Rubia tinctorum
Rubus idaeus Rubus idaeus
Ruta graveolens Ruta graveolens
Juniperus Sabina Sabina cacumina
Saccharum non purificatum
Saccharum bis coctum
APPENDIX
Modern country name Representative synonyms Part used
Horseradish root Mountain Radish, Great Raifort, Red Cole
Turkey Rhubarb root East Indian Rhubarb, China Rhubarb
Black Currant fruit Quinsy Berries, Squinancy Berries
Red Currant fruit Ribs, Risp, Reps
Castor Oil Plant seed Palma Christi, Castor Oil Bush
Cabbage Rose flower leaf Hundred-leaved Rose
Red Rose flower leaf Provins Rose
Rosemary top and flower Polar Plant, Compass-weed, Compass Plant, Rosmarinus coronarium
Madder Krapp, Robbia, Dyer's Madder
Raspberry Hindberry, Bramble of Mount Ida
Rue Herb-of-Grace, Herbygrass, Garden Rue
Savine Savine Tops - fresh dried tops of Juniperus Sabina
Sugar, Double-refined sugar, Sucrose, Cane-sugar, Refined Sugar, Saccharose, Saccharum, Sucrosum - obtained from the juice of the sugar-cane (a woody grass, Saccharum officinarum) or the white-rooted varieties of the Sugar-beet, especially variety Rapa
727
root
fruit
herb
leaf
MODERN DRUG USE
1789 Listing Modern country name 1931 or later Listing Representative synonyms Part used
Sagapenum Sagapenum gum-resin A foetid resin from Ferula persica
Salvia officinalis Common Sage leaf Salvia officinalis Sawge, Garden Sage, Red Sage,
Broad-leaved White Sage, Narrow-leaved White Sage, Salvia salvatrix
Sambucus nigra Elder interior bark, Sambucus nigra Black Elder, Common Elder, flower and
Sanguis draconis Dragon's Blood - the red resin exudate from the Dragon-tree, Dracaena draco
Pterocarpus Santolinus Red Saunders wood Pterocarpus santalinus Pterocarpi Lignum, Santalum
rubrum, Lignum rubrum, Red Sandalwood, Rubywood, Rasura Santalum Ligni, Sappan
Artemisia Santoni cum Santonin/Levant Wormseed seed Artemisia cina Sea Wormwood, Santonica,
Semen Sanctum, Semen Cinae, Semen Contra, Semen Santonici, Artemisia Lercheana, Artemisia maritima, var: Stechmanniana, Artemisia maritima, var: paucifiora, Artemisia Chamaemelifolia, Santonin -obtained from the dried unexpanded flowerheads of Artemisia dna and other species of Artemisia
Sarcocolla Sarcocolla - a Persian gum from gum-resin Astragalus or other plants
Hog's lard Russian Castor. Castor is the dried preputial follicles and their secretion from the Beaver, Castor spp. Yellow Beeswax - the secretion of the hive bee, Aspis melli/era White Beeswax - bleached beeswax Hartshorn - the antler of the red deer, Cervidae spp. Isinglass - the dried swimming bladder of the sturgeon, Acipenser huso and other species of Acipenser Honey - elaborated by bees from the nectar of flowers Millepede - myriapods of the class, Chi/ognatha Musk - the strong-smelling substance obtained from the male musk-deer, Moschus moschiferus Mutton suet, fat of the sheep - the beardless woolly animal (Ovis) of the goat family Spermaceti - a waxy matter obtained mixed with oil from the head of the sperm whale of the Odontoceti
731
Spongia officinalis
Ostrea edulis Meloe vesicatorius
Cancer Pagurus
Coccinella
Ovum gallinaceum
MODERN DRUG USE
Sponge - a member of the phylum Porifera, sessile aquatic animals with a single cavity in the body, with numerous pores Oyster-shells - from the bivalve shellfish, Ostrea Cantharides, Spanish Fly - the dried beetle Cantharis vesicatoria or other spp. Crabs claws - from any of the Brachyura or short-tailed decapod crustaceans Cochineal - scarlet dye-stuff consisting of the dried bodies of a Coccus insect gathered from a cactus in Mexico (Sp. cochinilla) Egg
1789 Listing - chemical materials
Acidum vitriolicum Argilla vitriolata
Antimonium Sulphuratum
Argentum Natron impurum
Natron boracitatum Lapis calcareus purus Kali impurum
Creta Cuprum Aerugo
Vitriolic acid - oil of vitriol, concentrated sulphuric acid Alum - double sulphate of aluminium and potassium, with 24 molecules of water
Antimony sulphate Silver Barilla - impure sodium carbonate got by burning certain seaside plants Borax - mineral hydrated sodium tetraborate Quicklime - unslaked lime, calcium oxide Pearl ashes - the prickly saltwort, Sal sola kali, or glasswort, its ash Chalk Copper Verdigris - basic cupric acetate; popularly, the green coating of basic cupric carbonate that forms in the atmosphere on copper, brass, or bronze
Cuprum vitriolatum Blue Vitriol - crude copper sulphate Ferrum Iron Ferrum vitriolatum Green Vitriol - crude ferrous sulphate Hydrargyrus Quicksilver, mercury Hydrargyrus sulphuratus Cinnabar - sulphide of mercury, called vermilion when used
Kali nitratum Bitumen Petroleum Plumbum Cerussa Lithargytus Magnesia vitriolata
Isis nobilis
Ammonia muriata Natron muriatum
as a pigment Nitrum - crude sodium carbonate Petroleum Lead Cerusse - ceruse, white lead; cerusite, native lead carbonate Litharge - lead monoxide, as obtained in refining silver Sal amarus, Bitter or Epsom salt - epsomite, a mineral, hydrated magnesium sulphate. Epsom salt, originally from springs at Epsom, Surrey Red Coral - the calcareous internal skeleton of Corallium rubrum; it consists mainly of carbonate of lime principally coloured with oxide of iron Sal ammoniac - ammonium chloride Common salt - sodium chloride
Soap - an alkaline salt of a higher fatty acid: especially, such a compound of sodium (hard soap), or potassium (soft soap) Tin Amber - a yellowish fossil resin Flowers of sulphur (Sulphur, brimstone), Sublimed sulphur Tartar, crude. Argol, chiefly acid potassium tartrate (with calcium tartrate etc.) Purified tartar Vinegar - dilute impure acetic acid Zinc Calamine - zinc carbonate Tutty - crude zinc oxide White Vitriol - crude zinc sulphate
1789 Listing - a partly identified material
Opium The Apothecary who prepared the 1789 translation provided the following footnote on opium:
There has been no true botanical description of the species of poppy from which opium is made in Arabia. The most judicious of those who have observed the cultivation of opium of my acquaintance differ very much in opinion from Linne, who probably never saw the plant. It is singular however that the College should not have followed the common opinion of authors. It is a mark of their care not to mislead. There has no writer given any t<1lerable account of the preparation of opium from the poppy.
733
Name Index Abano, Petrus de 171 Abbott, J. 466 Abernethy, John 325,333 Abraham, 20,31,32 Abraham, Sir Edward 561,564 Abren, Alexo de 264 Abren, Manoel de 547 Abu, Mansur 164 Acosta, Cristobal 204 Adams, Francis 76, 77, 83, 84, 121, 153,
160, 162, 222 Adams, Robert 405 Addison, Thomas 409,410 Addison, William 422 Aerobindus 115 Aesculapius 85, 102 Agote, Luis 523 Ahlquist, R. P. 572 Ainsworth, G. C. 563 Alaric 150 Albertus Magnus 170 A1binus, Bernhard 334, 336 Albucasius 157, 167 Albutator see Rhases Alderdice, Joan 709,710 Alexander, B. 313 Alexander the Great 62, 64, 74, 88, 92, 97,
98 Alexander of Tralles 151 Allbutt, Clifford 100, 128, 130, 167, 169,
529 Allen and Hanbury 288 Almohades 159 Alston 49, 50 Amelot, M. 681 Amenhotep IV 32 Ana de Osorio, Countess of Chinchou 268 Anastasius 115 Anderson, Sir Hugh Kerr 436
Anderson, Linda 683 Angier, Robert Crane 521 Anglicus, Bartholomew 173 Anicia, Juliana 115-18 Anitschlov, Nikolai 539 Anne of Denmark 286 Anne, Queen of England 295 Anu 24 Aphrodite 69 Apollo 65,68, 85 Apuleius 172 Arber, Agnes 204 Arcadius 150, 151 Archimedes 87, 97 Aretaeus the Cappadocian 121 Arey, James 165 Aristotle 62, 64, 72, 74, 86-92, 98, 112, 128,
130, 155, 184,226,240 Arius, Bishop 151 Arrhenius, Svante 515 Arrilaga, Francisco 539 Artaxerxes 65 Arthus, Nicolas 511,517 Aschoff, Karl 522, 535 Asclepiades 101, 102, 104, 105 Ash, John 348
735
Ashurbanipal 23 Asklepios 64,65,68-71,73, 129 Asulanus, Andreas 124 Aterman, Kurt 513 Atkins 364 Atlas, E. 551 Auenbrugger, Leopald 338, 379, 393, 405 Auer, John 511 Augustine, St. 123 Aurelianus, Caelius 74, 123 Aurelius, Marcus 124 Avenzoar 157, 159 Averroes 157, 159
222, 224, 474 Axelrod, J. 571,572 Ayersa, Abel 539
Bach, Johann Sebastian 420 Bacon, Roger 174,237,239,257 Badham, Charles 319 Bado, Sebastiano 273 von Baer, Carl Ernst 319 Baglivi, Giorgio 298 Baillie, Matthew 316-18,322,333,399 Baillou, Guillaume de 218 Baker, John 508 Balard, Antoine 476 Bald 172 Balfour, Francis Maitland 420 Baltimore, David 527 Banckes, Richard xix, 195 Bang, O. 524 Banks, Sir Joseph 272, 342, 466 Banks,N.P. 466 Banti, Guido 520 Banting, Sir Frederick 570, 690 Banyi, Andrew 549 Barcroft, Sir Joseph 437 Bard, Samuel 370 Barger, George 568, 569, 690 Barlow, H.M. 198 Barnard, Christiaan 538 Barnard, Harold 532 Barnard, Joseph 526 Barnard, William 546 Barr, Y.M. 527 Barratt-Boyes, Sir Brian 538 Barrington, Lady Anne 260 Barthoim, Caspar 262 Barton, William Paul 441 Bartram, John 298 von Basch, Samuel, S. 532 Bateson, William 507, 508 Baumann, Eugen 479 Baxby, Derrick 345 Bayer, Frederick 481 Bayle, M. 399-403 Bayon, Henry 526 Beaconsfield, Peter 692 Beaumont, William 429 Bechold, Heinrich 528 Bech, Claude 537 Bede, the Venerable 180, 181 Beevor, Charles Edward 460 von Behring, Emile Adolf 454 Bell, Benjamin 326 Bell, Charles 322, 413 Bell, John 437,440 Bell, John and Croyden 288
736
Belsey, Ronald 547 Benacerraf, Baruj 511 Bennett, John Hughes 420, 476 von Bergmann, Ernst 169,457 BergstrOm, Sune 542, 543 Bernard, Claude 267,410,432-5,446,476,
686 Bernstein, Julius 430 Berson, Solomon 509 Bertin, Rene 326 Best, Charles Herbert 570, 690 Biochat, Marie Fran~ois 334, 393, 394 Bidloo, Govert 264 Biermer, Anton 410 Bigelow, Jacob 375,412,413,443 Biggs, Peter Martin 527 Biggs, Rosemary 519 Billroth, Christian A. 457 Birckman, Arnold 198 Bittner, John J. 527 Bizzozero, Giulio 517 Black, Sir James Whyte 543, 573, 690 Black, Joseph 296, 368 Blackall, John 407 Blalock, Alfred 538 Bland, Edward 538 Blanton, Wyndham 362 Bloch, Hubert 649 Boccacio 169 Bock, Jerome 192 Bodington, George 548 Boerhaave, Hermann 216,297-9,304,307,
310, 346 Boghurst, William 283 Boleyn, Anne 205,220 Bond, W. 355 Bonet, Theophile 266, 267, 310 Bonnet, Charles 319 Bonser, Georgiana 526 Bonser, Wilfred 172 Bontius, Jacobus 262 Bordet, Jules Jean 454, 509 Borel, Pierre 250 Borelli, Giovanni 252, 264, 268 Borgia, Cesare 186 Botallo, Leonardo 218, 261 Bourgeois, Louise 218 Bouveret, Leon 535 Bovet, D. 556,557,571 Bowditch, Henry Pickering 430 Bowman, Sir William 428 Boyle, Robert 238,241,242,254,275 Bradford, William 521 Brady, L. R. 681 Bramley, Amanda 676 Brauer, Ludolph 548 Braun-Menendes, Eduardo 537 Breasted, James Henry 3, 4, 15, 32
NAME INDEX
Breda, C. F. 355 Brehmer, H. 548 Brenner, Sydney 516 Brian, Thomas 514 Bridgwater, Duke of 295 Bright, Richard 406-9,411,484 Bright, Timothy 218 Brindley, James 295 Broca, Paul Pierre 440 Brock, A. J. 124, 125 Brock, Baron Russell 538 Brockbank, William 376 Brocklesby, Richard 306 Brodie, Sir Benjamin 439,440,681,682 Brooks, Barney 539 Brotzu, G. 564 Broussais, Fran.;ois J. V. 392, 393 Brown, Alexander Crum 478 Brown, Annie 563 Brown, E. G. 157 Brown, Sir George Lindor 571 Brown, Gustavus R. 363 Brown, Rachel F. 564 Brown, Robert 298, 413 Browne 364 Brownlee, George 563 Brown-Sequard, Charles Edouard 431 Bruce, Sir David 453 Brunfels, Otto 192 Brunn, Harold 546 Brunner, Johann 262 Brunschwig, Hieronoymus 216,307,308 Brunton, Sir Thomas L. 483, 539 Brutelle, L 'Heritier de 348 Buchheim, Rudolf 476,483,484 Buchner, Hans 454, 514 Budd, William 465 Buerger, Leo 539 Bugie, Elizabeth 550 Bulloch, William 519 von Bunge, Gustav 520 Burger, Alfred 684 Burke 413 Burkitt, Denis 527 Burley, Denis 604,606 Burnet, Sir Francis MacFarlane 510, 511 Burrows, Montrose 525 Burton, H. S. 564 Burton, John 324 Burton, J. L. 682 Bush, Ronnie Beth 514 Bushby, S. R. M. 559 Butcher, Reginald 516 Butler 364 Byrom, Frank 537
Cadogan, William 346 Caesar, Julius 101
Caesar, Tiberius 78, 103 Cagniard-Latour, Baron Charles 445 Cahn, Arnold 481 Cahours, A. A. 669 Caius, John 218 y Cajal, Ramon 513 Calmette, Leon Charles 550 Calvus, Favius 76 Caminopetros, J. 521 Campbell, Donald 155, 156 Campbell, G. D. 600, 601 Campbell, John 546 Campbell, P.G. 657 Camps, Percy 547 Canano, Giovanni 206 Candolle, Alphonse de 298 Candolle, Augustin Pyrame de 297 Candolle, Casimir de 298 Caiiizares, Corregidor 268 Capella, Manuel de 156 Caranasos, George J. 641,642 Carpi, Berengario de 205 Carr, F. H. 568 Carrel, Alexis 513,525,537 Carswell, Sir Robert 411 Cartwright, F. F. 72, 180, 340,467 Casserius (Giulio Casserio) 264 Castle, William B. 520 Catherine of Aragon 219 Catherine de Medici 218 Caton, Richard 69 Cave, Alexander James 12 Cavendish, Henry 296 Caventou,J.B. 471,472 Caxton, William 183 Cayley, William 548 Cedd, Bishop 181 Celler, Herbert 535 Celsus 78, 98, 103-12, 119, 130-4, 136,
138-40, 160, 162 Cervello, Vincenzo 479 Cesalpino, Andrea 204,219,242 von Cesenatico, Clemens P. 512 Chadwick, Sir Edwin 464, 466 Chadwick, John 60,77,83 Chain, Sir Ernst 561, 562, 689 Chakrabarti, R. 525 Chalatov, S. S. 539 Chamberland, Charles 447 Chamberlen, Hugh 320 Chamberlen, Peter (elder and younger) 320 Chamberlen, William 320 Chance, Frank 421,422 Charcot, Jean Martin 458, 459 Charles V (Spain) 207, 213 Charlotte, Queen (England) 322 Charnock, Robert 547 Chase, Merrill 509
737
MODERN DRUG USE
Chassagne, Roziere de la 338 Chaucer, G. 174 Chauliac, Guy de 170, 171, 173, 182,216,
301 Cheselden, William 301,322,325,330-6,
368 Cheyne, Charles 368 Cheyne, John 405 Choo-Kang, Y.F.J. 572 Chopra, Ram Nath 540 Chouet, L. 266 Christensen, Lauritz 542 Christiansen, Johanne 437 Christie, Ronald 536 Chueh, Chang M. 690 Church, Arthur Herbert 50 Churchill, Edward Delos 547 Cicero 101,257 Clark, A. J. 66,571 Clarke, Edward H. 443 Clarke, Jacob A. 459 Clarke, Robert 460 Claudianus, Claudian 150 Clay, Rotha Mary 176 Clement of Alexandria 4 Clement XI, Pope 213, 298 Cleopatra 99 Clerc, Daniel Ie 371 Clift, William 317 Clinch, Gulielmus 122 Cline, Henry 343 Cloetta, Max 540 Clowes, William 220 Cockayne, Thomas 171, 172 Cohen, Lord 617 Cohn, Edwin 518 Cohn, Ferdinand Julius 416,448,449 Cohnheim, Julius 424 Cole, Sydney 436 Colles, Abraham 438 Columbus, Christopher 183,202 Combe, James Scarth 410 Comrie, John Dixon 4, 11,20, 172 Constantine the Great 149, 167 Constantinus Africanus 156, 168 Cook, Helena 347 Cook, Capt. James 295, 306, 342 Cook, Sir James 526 Cooley, Thomas 520 Coombs, Robin R. 519 Coons, Albert 509 Cooper, Anthony Ashley 237 Cooper, Astley 325,336,407,437,438 Copeman, William 287 Copernicus, Nicolaus 216, 227 Cordell, G.A. 686 Cordus, Euricius 218 Cordus, Valerius 192, 195, 196,213,218
Coronis 68 Corrigan, Sir Dominic John 406,410 Corvisart, Jean Nicolas 338, 393 Cotungo, Domenico 304 Cournand, Andre 533 Courvoisier, S. 690 Coutard, Henri 547 Coxe, John Redman 345 Crafoord, Clarence 538 Craik, James 362, 363 Cranmer, Thomas 219 Crawford, J.M. 645 Crawford, Mrs 440 Crecte, Carl Siegmund 320, 458 Creighton, Charles 181,278-81,284,285,
343,462 Crick, Frances H. 515 Crito 373, 374 de la Croix, Francois Boissier de S. 296 Crompton, Samuel 295 Croone, William 261 Cruikshank, William 297, 333 Cullen, William 299,302-4,322,326,347,
365, 366, 368 Culpeper, Mrs 277,278 Culpeper, Nicolas 34, 46, 275, 277-9, 287 Curie, Marie 483 Curie, Pierre 483 Currie, James 407 Cushney, A. R. 354, 535, 540, 570 Cuthbert, M. F. 644, 661 Cutler, Elliot 537 Cyrus 23
DaCosta, Mendes 534 Daedalus 474 Dalby, J. 322 Dale, Sir Henry H. 536,568-71,690 Dalvi, R. R. 681 D'Arcy, Patrick F. 638,653 Daremberg, G. 169 Darnley, Lord 220 Darwin, Charles 298, 389 Darwin, Dr 351,352 Darwin, Erasmus 298 Dausset, Jean 511 Davidson, Maurice 470 Davy, Sir Humphry 441 Dawson, Warren Royal 12-14,21,26 Deacon, A. C. 477 Dealces 78 Defoe, Daniel 281 Deitch, Rodney 691 Delbriick, M. 528 Delorme, Edmond 545 Demosthenes 61 Denis, Jean Baptiste 256 Derosne, Charles L. 470
738
NAME INDEX
Descartes, Rene 237-9 van Deventer, Hendrik 320 Diagoras 50 Diamond, Louis 519 Diane de Poitiers 218 Dick, Elisha C. 362, 363 Dickens, Charles 389 Dickinson, William Lee 436 Dienes, Louis 546 Diggle,G.E. 651 Diocles 98 Diogenes, Laertius 92 Dioscorides xix, 34, 42, 103, 112-23, 128,
130, 132, 134, 160, 169, 192,474, 673 Dixon, Walter 568 Dodd, Matthew 557 Doll, Sir Richard 548,647 Dollery, C. T. 645 Domagk, Gerhard 551,555-7,559,689 Douglas, Claude Gordon 437 Douglas, Jane 322 Douglas, Stewart 455 Dover, Thomas 261 Doyen, Eugene 537 Dragstedt, Carl 512 Drake, Francis 220 Drechsfeld, Julius 522 Dreser, Heinrich 481, 482 Drewitt, F. 342 Dryander, Johannes 205, 206 Dubos, Rene 561 Ducrey, Augusto 453 Dudley, H. W. 570,571 Duisberg, Carl 481 Dukes, M. N. G. 650,657 Dulbecco, Renato 527-9 Duncan, Professor 51 Dunlop, Derrick 600,617,620 Dupuytren, Guillaume 440 DUrer, Albrecht 180, 226 Dutrochet, Rene 515
Eaton, Munroe 547 Ebbell, Bendix 8, 17-19, 52 Ebers, Georg 5-7, 15-19,52 Eberth, Carl Joseph 453 Eble, Thomas 564 Ebstein, Wilhelm 522 Echecrates 374 Edelman, Gerald 511 Edelstein, Emma J. 64,71 Edelstein, Ludwig 64,71 Edmunds, Charles 535 Edsall, Geoffrey 546 Edwards, M. Lowell 538 Edwardes, David 205 Ehrenberg, Werner 512 Ehrlich, John 563
Ehrlich, Paul xxi, 166,512,513,517,518, 520, 553-6, 597, 689
Einthoven, Willem 533 Eistels, O. 690 Elford, William 528 Elizabeth I (England) 220 Ellerman, Vilhelm 524 Elliot, Thomas 568 Elliotson, John 463 Elvin-Lewis, Memory P.F. 681,684 Emerson, Charles 546 Emmerich, Rudolf 558 Empedocles 61,62,71,73, 122 Epicrates 75 Epione 69 Eppinger, Hans 535 Epstein, M. A. 527 Erasistratus 62, 98-100, 105 Erasmus, Desiderius 216 Eric, King of Norway 173, 174 Erspamer, Vittorio 571 Esherich, Theodor 453 Euclid 87, 97 von Euler, U.S. 516,543,571,572 Euryphon 73 Eustachius (Bartolommeo Eustachi) 213, 298 Evans, Sir Arthur J. 59 Evans, Gladys 547,556 Evans, W. C. 683 Ewald, Ernst 431 Ewart, William 535 Ewins, Arthur James 569 Ezekiel 30, 669
Fabbrioni, Giovanni 371 Faber, Knud 520 Fabricius (Girolamo Fabrizzi) 242, 243, 246 Fabricius (Wilhelm Fabry) 217 al-Fadil, Grand Vizier 159 Fagge, Charles H. 534 Fairweather, F. A. 685 Fallopius (Gabriele Fallopio) 212,213 Fallot, E. L. 534 Fanconi, Guido 520 Fantus, Bernard 523 Faraday, Michael 441 Farber, Sidney 528 Farr, William 466 Fasciolo, Juan 536, 537 Fearnley, George R. 525 Fechner, Gustav 427 Fehleisen, Friedrich 453 Feldberg, Wilhelm 571 Feldman, William H. 550 Felix, R. H. 658 Fell, Dame Honor 513 Fenner, Frank 510 Fergusson, Sir William 439
739
MODERN DRUG USE
Fernel, Jean F. 218,219,226 Ferry, Ervin 427 Fildes, Sir Paul 519 Filehne, Wilhelm 479 Finland, M. 551,556 Finlay, Alexander 551,564 Fischer, Emil 429,479,480, 515 Fisher, R. A. 507 Fisk, Dorothy 341 Fitzgerald, Edward 157 Fitzherbert, Judge 179 Flack, Martin 532 Fleming, Sir Alexander 558-62, 689 Flemming, Walther 417 Fletcher, Sir Walter Morley 515 Florence, A. Leslie 603-5 Florey, Lord 561,562,689 Flourens, Marie Jean 426 Floyer, Sir John 240 Flute, Peter T. 525 Fontius, Bartholamaeus 103 Forbes, John 398 Ford, Brian J. 250 van Foreest, Peter 264 Forestier, Jacques 546 Forlanini, Carlo 548 Forssmann, Werner T. 533 Foster, Sir Michael 435 Fothergill, John 303 Fowler, George 545 Fracastorius (Girolamo Fracastoro) 214,
215, 364, 365 Fraenkel-Conrat, Heinz L. 528 Frampton, J. 204 Frank, Jonann 304, 336, 337 Franklin, K. J. 245 Frappoli, Francesco 370 Fraser, David 547 Fraser, Sir Thomas 478,479 Frazer, Sir James George 32, 34 Freda, Vincent 519 Freedlander, Samuel 549 Frenkel, H. 604 Freund, Ernst 526 Freund, Leopold 483 Frey, Walter 535 Frieben, Ernst 525 Friedenwald, Harry 39, 159 Friedrich, Nicolaus 304, 518 Friend, John 371 Fritsch, Gustav 459 Frosch, Paul 528 Fry, Henry 253 Fry, Peter 691 Fuchs, Leonhart 192-4 Fullerton, Pamela 605 Fulton,J.F. 219 Fulton, Robert 390
Gaddum, Sir John Henry 542, 571 Gaisford, Wilfred 547, 550, 556 Gale, Thomas 216,217 Galen 64,72,92, 101, 103, 123-9, 132, 149,
Galilei, Galileo 239, 240 Galton, Sir Francis 507 Galvani, Aloysio Luigi 296 Gama, Vasco da 202, 264 Gardiner, Sir Alan 51 Gardner, William 520 Garner, Raymond 541,542 Garrett-Anderson, Elizabeth 469 Garrison, Fielding H. 72,73,78,82, 151,
Gaskell, Walter Holbrook 435, 565, 690 Gassendi, Pierre 261 Gaucher, Philippe 522 Gay-Lussac, Joseph 471 Gaza, Theodore 92 Geber 160 Gemmill, Chalmers L. 95 Genga, Bernardino 264 Gengou, Octave 454, 509 Gentius 136 Geoffroy 270 George I (England) 295 George II (England) 302, 337 George III (England) 317,368,371 Gerard of Cremona 157, 167,221,222 Gerarde, John xx, 84, 198,202,203,287,
673 Gerhardt, Charles 481,669 von Gerlach, Joseph 46 Gerland, H. 473 Gersdorff, Hans von 216 Gesner, Conrad 192, 226 Ghalioungui, Paul 19 Ghon, Anton 548 Giacosa 168 Gaisford, Wilfred 547 Gibbon, John 538 Gibson, Thomas 364, 510 Gierer, Alfred 510 Gilbert, William 242 Gilbertus Anglicus 179 Gilham, Peter T. 516 Gilman, Alfred 524, 552 Girdwood, R. H. 642 Glauber, Johann 268 von G1eichen, Wilhelm 371 Glenn, Jacob B. 42,45,46 Glisson, Francis 255, 315 Godfrey, Walter H. 177 Goetzius 317
740
NAME INDEX
Gold, W. 564 Goldberg, Sir Abraham 710 Goldberg, S. W. 526 Goldblatt, Harry 536 Golding, Benjamin 467 Goltz, Friedrich Leopold 431 Gomes, Bernadino 471 Goodman, Louis S. 524,527,552 Goodpasture, Ernest 528 Goodyer, John 115,118, 121, 134 Gorer, Peter 510 Gorman, J.G. 519 Gotch, Francis 460 Goulding, Roy 676 Gowans, James 511 Gowers, Sir William R. 437,459,460 Grabar, Pierre 509 von Graefe, Carl Ferdinand 440 von Graefe, Friedrich 458 Graff, Regner de 261,262 Graham, Evarts 546, 548 Grahame-Smith, Professor 707 Grant, Ronald Thomson 512 Grapow, Herman 16 Gratton, John 172 Graunt, John 240,241,278,279, 336, 466 Graves, Robert 66 Graves, Robert James 405 Green, R. M. 101 Greenfield, William 522 Gregg, N. M. 610 Gregory VII, Pope 168 Grieve, Mrs M. 41,43,365,373,673,680 Griffin, E. 195 Griffin, J.P. 635,644,651,653,710,711 Griffith, Francis Llewellyn 5 Griffith, Frederick 528 Griffith, Harold 268 Griffiths, Margaret 550 Griggs, Barbara 676 GrOnwall, Anders 523 Gross, F. H. 645 Gross, Robert 538 Grunberg-Manago, Marianne 516 Grundmann, E. 691 Gruner, O. Cameron 221 Griinpeck, Joseph 213 Gsell, Otto 556 van der Gucht 331 Gueguen, Jean 524 Guerin, C. 550 Gulliver, G. 310 Gumpert, C.G. 101 de Gundeville, Agnes 177 Gunn, James 571 Gunther, Robert T. 118-21 Gupta, J. C. 540 Gutenberg, Johann 183
Guthrie, Charles 537 Guthrie, Douglas 204 Guthrie, Samuel 428, 473 Guttman, Paul 553 Gye, William Ewart 526 Gyselen, A. 551
von Hacker, Victor 457 Haddow, Sir Alexander 526 de Haen, Anton 299,346 Haendel, Ludwig 546 Haggis, A. W. 270 Hahnemann, Christian F. S. 412 Halbey 42 Haldane, John Scott 436,437,517 Hales, Stephen 309, 310, 427 Hale-White, Sir William 355 Hall, Iris H. 686 Hall, Marshall 428 von Haller, Albrecht 255,296,299-301,309,
336, 379, 430 Halley, Edmund 241 Hatlopeau, Paul 537 Halsbury, Earl of 691 Haly, Abbas 155, 156, 168 Hamberg, U. 543 Hamdy, R. C. 710 Hamill, Phillip 568 Hamilton, James 377 Hamilton-Miller, J. M. T. 562 Hammarsten,Olof 517 Hammer, Adam 534 Hammon 364 Hammurabi 20-2, 65 Hansen, Gerhard H. 453 Hanson, Frederick 564 Hanzlik, Paul John 570 Hare, William 413 Hargreaves, James 295 Harper, Robert 21 Harris, Walter 285 Harrison, Ross G. 513 Hart, Alfred 519 Hart, Philip D' Arcy 551 Hartley, Sir Frank 617 Harvey, A. McGehee 689 Harvey, William 86,99, 125,211,212,218,
219, 242-9, 273, 274, 309 Harvie, John 321,458 Hasselbalch, Karl 515 Hata, Sahachiro 553, 555 Hauer, Ernst 457 Hazen, Elizabeth 564 Heaf, Frederick Roland 550 Hearst 15, 16 Heberden, William 306-9,336,379,391,
484, 518, 713 Hedenius, Per Johannes 523
741
MODERN DRUG USE
Heidelberger, Michael 546 Heinstedt,Oskar 512 Heister 317 Helmer, O. M. 537 von Helmholtz, Hermann 300,416,430,431 van Helmont, Jean 255, 299 Helvetius, Hadrianus 270, 272, 682 Heule, Jacob 414,415,451,452 Henoch, Eduard 458, 518 Henri II (France) 218 Henry I (England) 176 Henry VII (England) 184 Henry VIII (England) 184, 185,204,219,
220,286 Henry, D.A. 645 Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales 364 Henry Plantagenet 173 Henry, Thomas 569 Hepp, Paul 481 Herbert, Lord Sidney 465 Herbort, J. 221,222 d'Herelle, Felix 510 Heroditus 21 Herophilus 98-100, 105 Herrell, Wallace E. 563 Herrick, James B. 520, 536 Hershey 528 Hewson, William 310,333 Hill, Sir Austin B. 548 Hill, Sir Leonard 532 Himmelweit, F. 513, 553 Hinsberg, Oscar 480 Hinshaw,H.C. 550 Hippocrates 30,38,50,61,62,65,66,
Hirono, Iwao 685 Hirsch, August 462 Hirsch, Samson 547 His, William 416-20, 532 Hitchings, G. H. 558 Hitzig, Eduard 459 Hobby, Gladys 564 Hobday, William 378 Hodges, Nathaniel 283 Hodgkin, Thomas 410, 522, 523 Hodgson, Joseph 411 Hoffman, Friedrich 299,311,370 von Hohenheim, Aureolus see Paracelsus Holley, Robert William 516 Holme, Christopher 52 Holmes, Oliver Wendell 412,443,456 Holmstedt, Bo 195,270, 347 Holt, Luther 517 Holtfreder, Johannes 512 Homberg 165 Home, Everard 325,327,328
Home, Francis 370 Homer 61,441 Homolle, Augustin 473 Honain ben Isaac (Johannitius Onan) 155 Honorius 150 Hooke, Robert 254, 255, 274, 413 Hoole, Samuel 251,253 Hooper, Dr 365 Hope, James 411 Hopkins, Sir Frederick G. 436,514,551 Horace 101 Horder, Baron T. J. 535 Horner, Johann 432 Horsfield, Thomas 178 Horsley, Sir Victor 459,460 Hort, Sir Arthur J. 93 Horus 18 Hosie, J. 710 Houssay, Bernardo 536 Howard, John 337,367 Howell, William 517,568 Hubbard, J. 538 Hugh, Abbot 181 Hunt, Reid 568, 569 Hunter, John 296,317,319-31,333-6,342,
379, 437 Hunter, William 186,303,317,319-31,336,
379 Hussey, Henry 177,178 Hustin, Albert 523 Hutchinson, R. W. 60 Huxham, John 307 Hygieia 69
Iago 169 Ibn Baitar 160, 164 Ibn Sina see A vicenna Ideler, J.L. 74,123 Ignatovski, Alexander 539 Imhotep 65 Ingen-Housz, Jan 298 Ingleman, Bj6rn 523 Inman, William H. W. 626,643-5,648 Ippen, H. 676 Irving, Dr 270 Isaac b. Solomon Israeli 152 Isaacs, Alick 510 Isaacs, Raphael 521 Isabella of Parma 346 Isidore 64,65, 150 Isis II de Isla, Rodrigo Diaz 215 Islip, Adam 202
Jabourlay, Matthieu 537 Jackson, Charles T. 442,443 Jackson, Elizabeth 563 Jackson, John Hughlings 459
742
NAME INDEX
Jacob 33, 34 Jacobaeus, flans 549 Jacobs, Walter 555 Jaffe, Max 514 Jakobovits, Immanuel 37 James VI (Scotland), James I (England) 220,
239, 286, 301 Janbon, M. 557 Jansky, Jan 518 Jastrow, Morris 23,25-7 Jenner, Edward 296, 325, 335, 338-46, 350,
378, 379, 426, 484, 683, 713 Jenner, Revd. Stephen 341 Jennings, Elizabeth 186 Jensen, Carl Oluf 525 Jeremiah 19, 32 Jesty, Benjamin 343 Jex-Blake, Sophia 469 Jick, flershel 641, 642, 648 Job 669 Jocobi, Johannes 182 Johannsen, Wilhelm 508 John of Arderne 173-6,205 John the Baptist 120, 121 John of Gaddesden (Johannus Anglicus) 173 John of Gaunt 173 John, St. 124 John of Trevisa 173 Johnson, Balbina A. 562 Johnson, G. Enid 268 Johnson, Samuel 317 Johnson, Thomas xx, 202, 203, 217, 287 Johnson, William 515 Johnstone, James F. W. 50 Jolly, William 535 Jonas, Richard 217 Jonckheere, Frans 51 Jones, Frederick Wood 15 Jones, J. L. 558 Jones, W. fl. S. 75, 76, 86, 100, 103, 123,
130 Joseph II (Austria) 346 Joubert, Jules Fran90is 447, 558 Judaeus, Isaac 156, 167, 168 Julian 149 Jung, Joachim 297 Jurand, A. 609
Kaempfer 49 Kamal, A. 710 Kaplan, Melvin 509 de Karabacek, Josepho 116, 117 Kasanen, A. 558 Kast, Alfred 479, 480 Katz, Sir Bernard 571, 572 Kay, John 295 Kayne, George 549 Kay-Shuttleworth, Sir James P. 463
Keele, K. D. 186 Keith, Sir Arthur 532 Keith, Norman 518, 536 Kekule, F. A. 475, 553 Kekwick, Alan 523 Keller, fl. 598 Kennaway, Sir Ernest 526 Kent, Albert F. 532 Kenyon, Sir Frederick 123 Kepler, Johann 240 Kerenyi, C. 71 Kerr, Mr 49 de Ketham, Johannes 205-8 Keys, Thomas 522 Khorana, flar 516 Killian, Gustav 546 King, Sir Edmund 257 King, flarold 268 King, 1. E. 180 Kirchner, Athanasius 250 Kirschner, Martin 539 Kitasato, Baron S. 454 Klarer 557 Klebs, Theodor Albrecht 453 Klemperer, Paul 398 Knightley, P. 607 Knoll, Max 512 Knox, Robert 413 Kobert, R. 164 Koch, I. M. 710 Koch, Robert 376,446-54,485, 510, 688 Kohler, F. 609 von Kollicker, Rudolph Albert 415 de Korab, M. 680, 681 Kornberg, Arthur 516 Korotkov, Nikolai 532, 533 Korte, Werner 545 Kossel, Albrecht 515 Kowalewski, Z. 681 Krebs, Sir flans 515 Kremer, Michael 605 Krukoff, B. A. 268 Kruse, Walther 546 Kubik, Mirko 524 Kuhn, C. G. 124 Kundrat, flans 522 Kunin, C. M. 551 Kunz, W. 598 Kussmaul, Adolf 539 KUster, Ernst 545
Laban 33 Ladenburg, Albert 479 LaDue, John S. 534 Laennec, Rene T. fl. 391-405,484,688 Laguna, Andres 205 Laidlaw, Sir Patrick 569 Lancaster, Duke of 173
743
MODERN DRUG USE
Lancefield, Rebecca 528 Lancisi, Giovanni 213, 298 Landois, Leonard 522 Landre-Beauvais, A. J. 346 Lands, A. M. 572 Landsteiner, Karl 509, 518 Lange, Johann 370 Langhans, Theodor 522 Langley, John Newport 436, 565, 568, 690 LaPlace, Pierre 296 Largus, Scribonius 19,50,85, 102, 130, 131,
140,667 Lasagna, Louis 648 Latham, R.G. 257,258 Lathrop, A. E. 526 de Laune, Gideon 286 Lavoisier, Antoine Laurent 296,297, 370 Lawson, D. H. 645 Lawton, Lord Justice 659, 660 Leah,33,34 Leake, Chauncey D. 15, 16, 19,441,481 Leake, John 324 Lechevalier, Hubert 551 van Leeuwen, Willem Storm 512 van Leeuwenhoek, Antonij 249-55 Legallois, Julien 426 Lehmann, Jorgen 550, 551 Leichenstern, Otto 520 Leishman, Sir William 455 Lemaire, Francois 476 Lenz, W. 606,607 Leo Africanus 156 Leoffler, Friedrick 528 Leonicenus (Niccolo Leoniceno) 183, 184,
214 Lettsom, John 370 Leuchtenberger, Cecile 527 Levene, Phoebus 515 Levine, Lawrence 509 Levine, Philip 518, 519 Levine, Samuel 537 Levy, B. 572 Levy, R. 159 Lewis, Paul 511 Lewis, Sir Thomas 512,533-6 Lewis, W.H. 681,684,686 Lewisohn, Richard 523 Leydig, Franz 416 Libman, Emanuel 535 von Liebig, Justus 428, 429 Liley, Albert 519 Lilienthal, Howard 546 Lilith 68 Liljestrand, Goran 195,270, 347 Lillehei, Clarence 538 van Lilyveld, B. P. 355, 359-61 Linacre, Thomas 184, 185,220, 531 Lind, James 304-7
Lindenmann, Jean 510 Lindner,H.R. 682 Linnaeus (Carl von Linne) 92, 115, 269, 288,
289,295,297,298, 335, 348, 368, 379 Lister, Lord Joseph 110, 169,439,455-7,
688 Liston, Robert 438, 439 Little, Clarence 510 Littre, E. 76, 82 Locke, John 237-9, 257 Loeb, Leo 525, 526 Loeffler, Friedrich 453 Loevenhart, Arthur 555 Loewi, Otto 570 London, Efrim 536 Long, Crawford Williamson 442 Lorian, V. 551 Lorke, Dietrich 692 Loubatieres, A. 557 Louis XIV (France) 269, 270, 272 Louis, Pierre C. A. 392 Loutit, John 523 Low, Oscar 558 Lowe, Peter 217 Lower, Richard 255-7 Lower, Richard R. 538 Lowson, David 438 Lucas-Championniere, Just Marie 2 Ludlow, Daniel 341 Ludwig, Carl 435 Lugol, Jean 472 Luigini, Luigi 216 Lund, I. 650 Lundsgaard, Christen 515 Luria, Salvador 528, 529 Luther, Martin 204, 227
Macalister, R. A. Stewart 32, 33, 102 Macartney, Donald 556 McBride, W. G. 606-9 McBurney, Charles 444 Macclesfield, George, Earl of 669 McCredie, Janet 608 McDade, Joseph 547 McDevitt, Hugh 511 McDowell, Ephraim 440 Macewen, Sir William 548 McGowan, C. 681 McGuire, James 564 Machlinia, William de 274 Macht, David I. 547 McIntyre, Archibald 267 Mackenzie, Sir James 533, 535, 539 MacKinney, Loren 176 McKusick, Victor A. 689 McLean, Jay 517 McMichael, Sir John 533 McPherson, Alexander 686
744
NAME INDEX
MacSween, R.N. 710,711 MacWiIliam, John 534 Magellan, Ferdinand 202 de Magellan, Jean Hyacinthe 355, 359-61 Magendie, Francois 272,413,425,426,433,
471,472 Maggi, Bartolomeo 217 Maier, Rudolf 539 Maimonides, Moses (Moses ben
Maimon) 152, 157, 159, 160 Major, Johann 265 Malassez, Louis 460 Malgaigne,1.F. 217 Malpighi, Marcello 252, 254 Maluf, Noble 523 Mangold, Hilde 512 Mann, R. D. 558 Mann, W. N. 83 Mantoux, Charles 549 Manutius, Aldous 115, 150 des Marest, Baron Jean N. C. 393 Maria Joseph of Bavaria 346 Maria Theresa (Austria) 346 Marie, Pierre 440 Markham, Sir Clements 204, 268, 269 Marlow 169 Marriott, Hugh 523 Marriott, 1. 195 Marteu, Benjamin 370 Martindale 66,85, 121, 136,479,541 Martine, Geirge 240 Marx, Karl 389 Mary, mother of Christ 151 Mary (Queen of Scots) 220 Mary I (England) 219 Mary II (England) 284, 285 Mason, Verne 520 Masser, Niccolo 214 Matthaei, J. Heinrich 516 Matthew, St. 168 Matthiae, Paolo 52 Mattioli, Pietro 214 Mauchart 315 Mauriceau, Francois 320 Mayer, Manfred 509 de Mayerne, Thrquet 364 Mayow, John 264 Maytum, Charles 546 Mead, Richard 304, 305, 371 Meade, Richard 547 Medawar, Sir Peter 510,511 Meissner, K. F. W. 471 Meister, Joseph 447 Malmon, Kenneth 642 Mendel, Gregor Johann 507 Menghini, Vincenzo 310 Mercier, Charles 177, 178 Merck, Georg 476
Mercurio, Geronimo 217 von Mering, Joseph 479, 480 Mesue the Elder (Janus Damascenus) 155 Mesue the Younger 156 Metchnikotf, Elie 454, 509 Michael, Abbot 181 Michaelangelo 186 Miescher, Johann 515 Mietsch 557 Miller, Elizabeth C. 684, 685 Miller, Jacques 511 Miller, James A. 684,685 Miller, Philip 368 Miltiades 61 Minot, George 520 Mithridates 99 Mitzutani, Satoshi 527 Mohammet 153, 167 von Mohl, Hugo 414 Mollison, Patrick 523 Monardes, Nicolas 202 M6ncheberg, Johann 539 de Mondeville, Henri 169, 171 Montagnana, Petrus de 205,206 Montagu, Lady Mary 340 Moodie, Roy Lee 14 Moran, Henri 525 Morgagni, Giovanni Battista 311-15,317,
327, 335, 379, 393 Morgan, John 325, 326, 409 Morgan, Thomas 508 Morris, John 172 Morton, L. T. 188,297 Morton, Richard 265 Morton, William T. G. 442,443,485,688 Moses 31,40,53 Moses, H. E. 550 Moss, William 518 Moureau, Paul 518 Muckherjee, B. 540 Miickter, H. 598 Miiller, Franz 547 Miiller, Heinrich 415 Miiller, Johannes 92 Miiller, J. M. 541 Miiller, Otto 371 Muller, Hermann 508 Mundinus of Bologna (Mondino de
Luzzi) 170, 171,205 Munro, Alexander primus, secondus and
tertius 301-3, 326, 347 Munro, Colin R. 601,603 Munroe, John 301 Munter, Sussman 31 Murdoch, J. McC. 600,601 Murphy, William 520 Murray, Donald 539 Murray, Gordon 538
745
MODERN DRUG USE
Murray, Margaret 66 Murrell, William 539 Myers, Arthur B. 534 Myrepsus, Nicolaus 170
Napoleon 169, 393 Napoleon III 433 Navratil, E. 570 Nebuchadnezzar 11, 23 Needham, Marchmont 250 Neisser, Albert L. 453 Nelmes, Sarah 342 Nemayer, Arthur 196 Nero 115 Nestor, J.O. 657 Nestorius 151 Neufeld, Fred 546 Neumann, Caspar 241 Newton, G. G. F. 564 Newton, Isaac 239, 240, 275 Nicholls, Frank 337, 338 Nicholls, J. T. 645, 658 Nicolaier 453 Nicolaus 103 Nicolaus Salernitanus 168 Nicomachus 87 Nicon 123 Niemann, Albert 476 Nilsson, R. 601,602 Nirenberg, Marshall 516 Nissen, Rudolph 546 Nitti, N. 556, 557 Noguchi, Hideyo 553 Nuck, Antonj 262 Nutall, George 453, 509 Nylin, Carl 538
Obraztsov, VasiJii 536 Occo, Adolphe 226 Ochoa, Severo de Albornoz 516 Olybrius, Anicius 115 O'Malley, C. D. 186, 213, 219 Opizo,J.B. 124 Oporinus of Basel 213 Oribasius 123, 149, 150, 155,167 d'Orta, Garcia 204 Ortoloff, von Bayrlant 189 O'Shaughnessy, Laurence 537, 549 Osiris 11, 18 Osler, Sir William 4, 13, 19,22,23, 88, 153,
Othello 169 Ould, Sir Fielding 324 Overton, Charles 416 Owen, Sir Richard 458 Oxford, Albert 561
Packard, Francis 362 Page, Irving 537 Pagel, Walter 549 Paget, Sir James 458 Palicki, Bogislaus 415 Palmer, J.F. 328 Panacea 69 Paracelsus (Aureolius Bombastus von
Pardee, Harold Ensign 533 Pare, Ambroise 110,216-18,226,319,441 Parkes, Edmund A. 465 Parkinson, John xx, 34, 202, 287 Parmenides 122 Parrot, Joseph 448, 548 Parry, John S. 444 Pasteur, Louis 433,445-8,468,485, 558,
688 Pasteur, William 546 Patek, Arthur 519 Paton, Sir William 571 Paul of Aegina 152, 153, 155, 157, 160,222 Pauling, Linus C. 521 Payne, Joseph 172 Payne, J. F. 283 Payne, Rose M. 511 Peabody, Frances Weld 520 Pearlman, M. 152 Pearson, George 343 Pedretti, C. 186 Pel, Pieter 522 Pelletier, P. J. 272,471,472 Penn, R. G. 616 Penso, Guiseppe 683 Pepys, Samuel 281 Pereira, Jonathan 373,473,676,681,683 Pericles 61,62,71,73,86, 129 Perkin, William 480 Perthes, Georg 526 Peter, Bishop of Winchester 176 Peterson, Osler 556 Petri, Richard Julius 453 Petrus 168 Pettigrew, Thomas Joseph 15,254, 302 Pettinato, Giovanni 51,52 Petty, Sir William 241 Peuckert, W. E. 188 Peyer, Johann Conrad 262 Pfeiffer, Richard F. 453 von Pfolspeundt, Heinrich 216 Phaer, Thomas 218 Pharmacion 102 Pheidippides 61 Philinus 75 Philip of Macedon 61,64,88,92 Philips, Frederick 524 Philiscus 78
746
Phillipson, J. David 683 Phipps, James 342, 343 Physick, Philip Syng 440 Pick, Friedel 535 Pincus, Gregory 690 Piria, Raffaele 473,669 Piso, Willem 270,272,273,681 Pitcairn, David 342 Pitres, Jean Albert 459 Platearius, Matthaeus 169 Plato 64, 73, 86, 87, 92 Pliny 41, 1I2, 134, 183, 192 Plutarch 309 Poiseuille, Jean Leonard 427,435 Poland, E. B. 180 Pollack, W. 159 Porphyry 102 Porter, Jane 642 Portier, Paul 51I Poseidon 61,63 Poswillo, David 609 Pott, Percival 330, 331, 333 Power, Sir D'Arcy 173,174,176 Praxagoras 98 Preger, Leslie 691 Preuss, Julius (Yitzhak) 31,37,45,46,
152 Price-Jones, Cecil 517,518 Priestley, John Gillies 436, 437 Priestley, Joseph 296 Pringle, John 299, 304 Prinzmetal, Myron 536 Prout, William 429 Ptolemy (astronomer) 216 Ptolemy III 95,98 Purchas 270 Purkinje, Johann Evangeliste 415,416 Putnam, G. P. 124 Pylarini, Giacomo 339, 340 Pythagoras of Sam os 61,62,71,73
Quantock, D. C. 628, 629 Quick, Armand J. 519 Quincey, John 283
Rachel 33, 34 Racz, G. 477 Racz-Kotilla, Elizabeth 477 von Raffauf, Hans 604 Rahere 176 Raistrick, Harold 561 Raleigh, Sir Walter 267 Ramazzini, Bernardino 336 Ranges, Hilmert 533 Rawlins, M. D. 645, 706 Raynalle, Thomas 217 Razzell, Peter E. 340 Reddy, E. Premkumar 516
NAME INDEX
Redi, Francesco 265 Reed, Dorothy 522 Rehn, Ludwig 537 Reil, Johann Christian 297 Reimann, Hobart 547 Reinis, Z 524 Reisner, George 15, 16 Remak, Robert 414,417 Rembrandt van Rijn 262, 263 Reuben 33 Reuter, Karl 535 Rhazes 155, 156, 164, 167, 474, 532 Richard I (England) 159 Richardson, Sir Benjamin W. 464 Richet, Charles 511 Richter, Gisela M.A. 58 Riesman, David 176 Ringer, Sydney 435 Rist, Noel 551 Ritchie, William 535 Riva-Rocci, Scipione 532 Rivinus, Augustus 273 Robb, George 533 Robbers, J.E. 681 Robertson, Oswald H. 523 Robinson, Kenneth 616 Robison, Robert 513 Robitzek, Edward 551 Robriquet, Pierre Jean 472 Robscheit-Robbins, Frieda 520 Robson, George 516 Rollants, Joachim 213 Roger, Henri 534 Roger of Palermo 169 Roget, Peter Mark 322 Rokitansky, Carl 41I,412 Roland of Parma 169 Ronsseus Balduinus 264 Rontgen, Wilhelm 481,485,688 van Rood, J.J. 51I van Roonhuyze, Hendrik 319,320 Rose, William 289 Ross, Donald 538 Ross, W. D. 88,91 Rosskin Eucharius 217 Rouelle, Hilaire 371 Rous, Frances Peyton 525 Roux, Pierre Emile 447, 454 Roux, Wilhelm 420 Rowe, Wallace 528 Rubens, Peter Paul 264 Rumer, Sir Marc Armand 13, 14 Rufus of Ephesus 121, 122 Rumsey, Henry Wyldbore 466 Runge, Friedlieb 473, 480 Rush, Benjamin 306, 307, 343 Ruska, Ernst 512 Rutherford, Daniel 296
747
MODERN DRUG USE
Rutherford, P. P. 477 Ruysch, Frederick 264
Sabbionetta, Gerard 157 St. Martin, Alexis 429 Saladin 159 Samuel 35 Sanctorius (Santorius Santorio) 246 Sandifort, Edward 317 Sanfort, Katherine 513 Sl;luerbruch, Ernst 549 Saul 34, 35, 52 Saunders,J.B.deC.M. 16,17,186 Saunders, William 469 Savory and Moore 288 Scarpa, Antonio 336 Schaedein, J.L. 610-12 de Schaepdryver, A. F. 644 Schatz, Albert 550 Schaumann, O. 690 Scheele, Carl 371 von Scheid, W. 604 Scheil, Jean Vincent 21 Schenck, Johann 267,311,472 Schick, Bela 512 Schleiden, Matthias Jacob 414 Schmiedeberg, Johann O. 479,483,484 Schoeffer, Peter 190 Schoepff, Johann 365 Schottmuller, Hugo 535 Schramm, Gerhard 510 Schultz, Werner 518 Schultze, Maximilian 416,417 Schupbach, William 262 Schuster, Edgar 536 Schwann, Theodor 414,423,430,445,484,
529, 688 Schyller, Joachim 218 Scot, Reginald 218 Scott, Robert 254 Scowen, E. F. 619 Seguin, Armand 296 Seligman, R. 164 Sellors, Sir Thomas H. 538 Semb, Carl Boye 549 Semmelweis, Ignaz Philipp 412, 456 Senensis, Petri Andreae Matthioli 115 Sennert, Daniel 264 Serapion, Junior 160 Serturner, Friedrich Wilhelm 470,471 Serulas, Georges 472 Servetus, Machael 219 Set 18 Severino, Marcus Aurelius 267, 311 Shakespeare, William 169, 189, 273 Shapiro, Samuel 647, 648 Sharpey, William 428,435 Sharpey-Schafer, Edward 533
Shattock, Samuel George 13 Shattuck, Lemuel 465,466 Shaw, Bernard 431 Sheba, Queen of 42 Sherrington, Sir Charles Scott 432 Sherry, Sol 525 Shiga, Kiyoshi 454 Shippen, William 326 Shirey, Earl K. 539 Shope, Richard E. 527 Shope, Thomas 527 Shumway, Norman E. 538 Sibbald, Robert 301 Sicard, Jean 546 von Siebold 415 Sigerist, Henry Ernest 16, 19,362 Sijthoff, A. W. 115 Silva, Mauricio Rocha E. 571 Silvius, Jacobus 246 Simon, Sir John 465 Simonart, Paul 561 Simpson, Sir James Young 426,443,468,
485,688 Sims, James Marion 441 Singer, Charles J. 18,86,89,91,92,96,97,
122, 123, 126, 159, 172,452 Singer, Jacob 546, 552 Singh, M. P. 682 Sjogren, Tage 525 Sjostrom, H. 601,602 Skegg, D. C. G. 646,647 Skoda, Josef 411 Skre, Havard 608 Sloane, Sir Hans 261, 339, 340, 368, 369 Slone, Dennis 647, 648 Slye, Maud 526 Smadel, Joseph 563 Smellie, William 321,322,368 Smith, Audrey Ursula 523 Smith, Barbara 164 Smith, Edwin 3, 5 Smith, Sir Grafton Elliot 12-15 Smith,J.A. 88,91 Smith, P. R. 686 Smith, Sydney 540 Smith, Theobald 452 Smith, Thomas S. 463 Snell, Eric S. 649 Snell, George Davis 511 Snow, John 464, 465 Snowman, J. 152 Socrates 41, 64, 73, 86, 87, 373, 374 Soemmering, Samuel 322, 323 Solomon 42 Solomon, Ana 477 Somers, G.F. 607,610 Somerset, Duke of 198 Sones, Frank 539
748
NAME INDEX
Soranus of Ephesus 74,122,123,160,217 Soubeirau, Eugene 428 Soulier, Jean 524 Southwarke, P. 197 Souttar, Sir Henry 537 Spallanzani, Lazaro 298 Spear, VV.E. 512 Spemann, Hans 512 Spencer, VV. G. 104, 106, 131, 134, 138 Spens, Thomas 405 Spies, Tom D. 521 Spinoza, Benedict 237, 239 Spiro, Karl 570 Stahl, Georg Ernst 299 Stahmann, Mark 523 Stampf, Jean-Luc 681 Starck 399 Starling, Ernest H. 532 Starr, Albert 538 Starr, Isaac 533 Staub, Anne Marie 571 Steele, Graham 534 Steinberg, Israel 533 Steiner,R.E. 691 Steinh6wel, Heinrich 182 Stelluti, Francesco 249 Stenson, Niels 261 Stephen of Antioch 156 Stephenson, J. S. 543 Sternberg, Carl 522 Sternberg, George Miller 448, 509 Stetson, Rufus 518 Steuer, R.O. 16,17 Stevenson, I. H. 710 Stewart, Sarah Elizabeth 527 Stillman, VVilliam 557 Stirling-Maxwell, Sir VVilliam 208 Stoerck, Anton 347 Stoerk, Oscar 535 Stokes, VVilliam 405, 406 Stoll, Arthur 570 Stone, Revd. Edward 669,673 Stratman-Thomas, VV. K. 555 Straub, VValter 540 Strauss, Elias 556 Strazhesko, Nikolai 536 Stricker, Solomon 481 Sturgis, Cyrus 521 Sturtevant, Alfred 508 Sudhoff, Karl 38 Siissmilch, Johann Peter 336 Sutherland, Earl 516 Sutton, VValter 508 Swammerdam 254 Swann, Cheryl A. 685 Sweet, Richard 538 van Swieten, Gerhard 299, 346 Sydenham, Thomas 50,238,255-61,270,275
Sylvius (Franciscus de Ie Boe) 265,267 Sylvius (Jaques Dubois) 206, 207 Syme, James 439,455 Szilagyi, D. Emerich 538
Tabin, Clifford J. 516 Taggart, Hugh McA. 709,710 Tait, Robert Lawson 444 Talbot, Robert 269 Taranta, Valescus de 182 Tate, Nahum 214 Taussig, Helen 538 Taveau, Rene de M. 568,569 Tawara, Sunao 532 Taylor, Francis 519 Teff, Harvey 601,603 Temin, Howard M. 527 Temkin,Owsei 122 Tennent, John 304, 305 Tenon, Jacques Rene 337,367 Terah 20 Tertullian 98 Tetrapharmacos, Johannes L. 159 Tetzel, John 204 Teubner, B. G. 124 Thales of Miletus 61,62,71, 149 Theodoric, Bishop of Cervia 169 Theodosius the Great 150 Theodosius II 151 Theophrastes 62,92-7, 115, 130, 192,474 Theorell, Axel 516 Thiersch, Carl 424, 457 Thomas, Sir Clement Price 549 Thomas, J.P. 551 Thomas, Kenneth 267 Thompson, D'Arcy VVentworth 88,91 Thompson, Reginald Campbell 23,24,
26-30 Thomson, John 303 Thomson, VVilliam A. R. 680, 681 Tiglathpileser I 22 Tillett, VVilliam 541, 542 Timofeeff-Ressovsky, Nikolai 508 Timoni, Emmanuel 339, 340 Ting, Giu-Ching 547 Titus 31 Torssell, Kurt 684 Torti, Francesco 270 de Tournes, Samuelis 191 Tragus, Hieronymus 192 Travers, Benjamin 438 Trease, G.E. 683 Trefouel, J. 556, 557 Trevan, J. VV. 570 Treveris, Peter xix, 195, 197 Tude 181 Tuffier, Theodore 537, 548 Thke, VVilliam 367
749
MODERN DRUG USE
Thllar, B. F. 543 Thlp, Nicolaas 262, 263 Turck, Ludwig 431 Thrck, M. 551 Turk, Wilhelm 518 Thrner, Paul 712 Thrner, William xix, 198-201 Twitchell, Amos 438 Twomey, C. E. J. 653 Twort, Frederick 510 Tyler, V. E. 681 Tyndall, John 558 Tyzzer, Ernest 510
Uhlenhuth, Paul 510 Ullmann, Manfred 160 Ulysses 61 Underwood, E. Ashworth 452, 552 Ungley, Charles 521 Urdang, G. 272
Vajda, Ludwig 549 Valdes, Oviedo y 202 Valdes-Dapena, Maria 165 Valsalva 315 Vane, John 517 Vaques, Louis H. 530 Vaughan, Victor 517 Vedder, Edward Bright 425 de Vega, Dr Don Juan 268,269 Vellard, J. 267 Venning, Geoffrey R. 656, 692 Verbist, L. 551 du Verney, Guichard Joseph 430 Vesalius, Andrea 123, 125, 129,205-13,
216-18,226,227,243,256,264,267,423 Vialli, Maffo 571 Vicary, Thomas 219, 220 Victoria (Queen of England) 389 de Vigo, Giovanni 216 de Villalobos, Francisco Lopes 214 Villee, Claude 692 da Vinci, Leonardo 185-7,223-7 da Vinci, Ser Piero 223 Virchow, Rudolf 31,392,411,413,416,
417,420-4,468,485,688 Virgil 101, 134 Virgilio, Marcello 113-15 De Vita, Vincent 528 Vogt, K. 569 Vogt, Marguerite 527 Volta, Allesandro 296 de Vries, Hugo Marie 507
Waddell, Helen 150 Wagener, Henry 536 Wagner, Rudolph 414 Wakley, Thomas 463,468
Waksman, Selman A. 550,551 Waldeyer-Hartz, Heinrich 424 Waller, Augustus Volney 430,431,533 Wallis, T.E. 41 Walpole, Horace 448 Warburton, Lord 413 Wardell, William M. 629, 648, 649 Warren, John Collins 442,443 Warren, J. Low 282 Washington, George 362, 363 von Wassermann, A. 553 Waterhouse, Benjamin 344 Waters, Charles 546 Wateson, George 262 Watson, Gilbert 308 Watson, James Dewey 515 Watson, Sir Thomas 411 Watson, Sir William 370 Watt, James 295 Weber, Eduard Friedrich 427 Weber, Ernst Heinrich 427 Weber,1.C.P. 660,694,706 Weichselbaum, Anton 453 Weiditz, Hans 192 Weigert, Carl 424, 425, 534 Weil-Halle, B. 550 Weinstein, Marvin 564 Welch, William H. 453 Wellcome, Henry 173 Wells, Horace 442 Wells, Sir Thomas Spencer 443,444,448 Wells, William Charles 342,407,411 Wenchebach, Karel 535 Wepfer, Johann 262 Werner 348 West, Randolph 521 Westcott, 1. and D. 362 Westergren, Alf Vilhelm 519 Weyer, Johann 218 Whipple, George 520, 521 Whitby, Sir Lionel 556 White, Charles 324 Whitney, Eli 390 Whytt, Robert 304, 337 Widal, Georges 509 Wiener, Alexander 518 Wild, R. B. 165 Wilde, Sir William 463 Wilkenfield, B. E. 572 Wilkie, James 322 Wilkins, Maurice H. 515 Wilks, Sir Samuel 410, 522 Willan, Robert 370 Willcock, Edith Gertrude 436, 515 von Willebrand, Erik 519 William III (England) 284, 285 Williams, C. A. 509 Williams, Robley 528
750
NAME INDEX
Williams, R. T. 609 Willins, Frederick 522 Willis, Robert 245, 247 Willis, Thomas 255, 256 Wills, Lucy 521 Wilson, A. B. 645 Wilson, Clifford 537 Windaus, Adolf 569 von Winiwarter, Felix 539 Winkler, L. 195, 196 Winslow, Charles-Edward 129 Wintrobe, M.M. 519,521,522 Wiseman, Richard 256 Witch of Endor 34, 35, 68 Withering, Edmund 347 Withering, William 41,95,346-58,362,365,
379,391,392,407,473,475,484,512,532, 667,683
Withington, Edward Theodore 16, 18, 76, 130
Wogan, G. N. 685 Wohler, Friedrich 429, 515 Wolff, Caspar Friedrich 319 Wood, Paul Hamilton 536 Wood, Percival 31 Woodall, John 264 Woodruff, Alice 528 Woodruff, H. B. 550 Woodville, William 42,44-8, 50, 67, 68, 84,
Woolley, C. Leonard 20 Wotton, Edward 226 Wren, Christopher 241,242,255,295 Wreszinski, Walter 8 Wright, Sir Almroth 454, 455 Wright, James Homer 517 Wright, Peter 658 Wright, S. 682 Wright, Wilmer C. 214 Wroblewski, Felix 534 Wycliffe, John 182 Wynder, Ernest 548 Wynne-Finch, H. 214
Yalow, Rosalyn 509 Yersin, Alexandre Emile 454 Yolton, John W. 238 Young, Sir George 638 Young, Hugh Hampton 442 Young, John 37 Young, John Richardson 429 Yudin, Serga S. 523
Zacherias (Zacherias Janssen) 250 Zaimis, Eleanor 571 Zernicke, Frits 512 Zenus 69 Zivanovic, Srboljub 51 Zoel, Paul Maurice 536 Zondek, Hermann 536 Zoser 4
751
Subject Index Note: plants are indexed by their English names but by Latin names in the Appendix. Diseases, organs, and conditions bearing a surname will also be found through the name index.
anaesthetic 485; see also ether, chloroform first use in surgery 439 local 483 origins 441-3 origin of term 443
anaphylaxis 344, 511 experimental 425, 426
anatomy see also dissection Carswell's atlas 411 English vernacular 220 Eustachius' discoveries 213 French 392, 393 Galen 125-7 Henle 415 His 417-20 de Ketham 205-8 Thlp 264
antibody formation 509 anticoagulants 525 antidote, Paul of Aegina 222 antigen-antibody reaction 508, 509 antipyrine 479 antiseptic surgery 411,412,456,457; see
also Lister modern ritual 458
antitoxins 454 aorta, dissecting aneurysm 337, 338 apothecaries see also Worshipful Society of
latter-day need 636 medical practitioners 370, 466 monopoly loss and druggists 368, 379
definition of cell 417 and division 414,417 embryology 415, 416 pathology 420-2 types, Virchow 422
Celsus aphorisms 104, 105 conditions described 105 dates 103 herbal uses 105-12, 132-9 life and works 103, 104 medicament list 106-12 metals used 131, 132, 138 surgery 110, 112 trauma 110
central nervous system, function localization 460
centrosome 417 cephalosporin 564 chamomile (Anthemis nobilis), uses and origin
of name 139 Chelsea Physic Garden 368, 369, 466 Chemie Grunewald and thalidomide 598,
dislocation of the shoulder, Hippocrates' reduction methods 78-80
dissection, human Alexandria 98,99 Bologna 170 Burke and Hare 413 England 205 Galen 127, 128, 170 Louis 392, 393 de Montagnana 205,207 Mundinius 170, 171 Thlp by Rembrandt 262, 263 Vesalius 208-10
Dittany of Crete (Origanum dictamnus) description and uses 134, 135, 365
divination, Mesopotamia 26, 30 DNA 508,515
structure 515,516 synthesis 516
Domesday Book 389 leprosy 172, 173
domestic animals, numbers in London 281, 282
dose-titration 353, 354, 475 drug-associated deaths 642, 643; see also
adverse drug reactions drug regulatory controls 598,612-51; see
also Committees, post-marketing advisory committees 623 and biotechnology 632 controversial 628, 629 cost-benefit 629, 630 fraudulent claims 614 graded-release 633,635,636,649,713
and marketing 649 litter test 610 medical need 649,650 monitoring methods 635 patients and profits 629, 630 prescribing effectiveness 630, 631 proposed legislation 614 Select Committee (1914) 613-16
Ebla 51,52, 66 ectopic pregnancy, surgery of ruptured 444 Edinburgh
College of Physicians 301 students of 302, 303
Munro family 301, 302 qualifications and England 302 Royal Infirmary 302
Egypt bone diseases 13-15 Book of the Dead 4 bowel cleansing 8, 17 degenerative disease 13, 14 diseases in mummies 12-14 funeral procession 13 Greek debt 18, 19 medical papyri 4-12; see also Ebers medicine in ancient 3-20 monotheism 32 mummification 12 pyramids 4 religion 3, 4, 52 splints 13
Fabricius, valves in veins 252, 243 facial neuralgia 303 famine in 1257-9 180 fennel types and silphium 95 fermentation 433, 446 ferrugo and treatment 134, 136 fibrinogen after myocardial infarction 525 fibrinolysis 541, 542
and streptokinase 541 fibrinolytic system 524 fig (Ficus carica), uses and description 136,
137 Fleming, Sir Alexander 558-62 folic acid synthesis 521
and anaemia 521 Food and Drugs Acts (US 1906) 613
OPE study 708 foxglove (Digitalis purpurea) see also digitalis,
Withering doses 353, 354 overdose 353 parts and activity 351-3 use 351
fractures and Hippocrates 81-3 frankincense (Boswellia thurifera)
features and extraction 41, 43 Frascatorius
confection 365 germ theory of infection 214
French disease see syphilis
galbanum (Ferula galbani/iua), features 40, 41
Galen attitudes 125 circulatory system 125, 126 Codices 124 dates 123 death 128 dissection 127 gladiator surgeon 124 life 123, 124 pharmacy 128 tissue nutrition 125 travels 128 ureter role 127 vivisection 127, 128
gastric juice 429 control 439 damaged stomach 429,430
Gaucher's disease, inheritance 522 General Medical Council
orIgm 439, 440 roles 468
genetics cancer 526 disorders 521 and Mendel 507
mutagenesis 508 gentian (Gentiana spp.) 136 Gerarde, John
dates 198 works 198,202,203
germ theory 250; see also Pasteur, Koch beginnings 414 micro-organism role 448 Schwann 445 yeasts 445
glyceryl trinitrate 539 glycogen 432 glycosides
cardiac 539, 540 first isolations 472, 473
Graves' disease 405 Greece, ancient 59-97 see also individual
Greek persons biology 87 city states 61 complaints 77 first civilizations 59-61 Golden Age 61,63,71, 129 Ionian philosophers 71 Italian philosophers 71 map 58 medical thinkers 61,62 Philip of Macedon 61,64 religion 68, 69
Greek medicine see also Alexandria, Rome roots 64-8 sources 65 themes 64, 65 witchcraft 66
Green Pharmacy, assessment of 676, 679 griseofulvin 561 grocer-apothecaries 185 guaiacum (Guaiacum spp.) resin 215 gunshot wounds 216,217,256
Pare 217 Guy's hospital and modern medicine 406
haematemesis, drug associated 703, 704 haemodynamics 309
origin 426, 427 haemoglobin determination 436 haemoglobinometer 436,437,517 haemophilia 519 von Haller, Albrecht
bibliography 301 historian 301 muscle contractility 300 portrait 300 Prince of Physiologists 299
Harvey, William dates 242
759
embryology studies 249 forearm veins 246, 247
MODERN DRUG USE
Harvey, William (cont.) Frankfurt publication 244, 245 life 242, 243 study 242 valves 246-9
hearing and Helmholz 430 Hearst papyrus 15
drug amounts 16 heart see also cardiac
drugs 539 malformations 534, 535, 538 mechanical 536, 538 open heart surgery 538 surgery 537 transplantation 538, 539
timing 261 meconium 50 Medical Act, Henry VIII 185 Medical Act (1858) xx medical care, seventeenth century 286 Medical and Chirurgical Society of London
first president 469 objectives 470
medical practitioners and qualification 466-8 medical schools, establishment 368, 467, 468 Medical Society of London 469 medicine, French and Medicina 218,219 Medicines Act (1968) 623
anatomy 204-13 effects 226 herbalists 189-204 medicine 218-21 mortality rates 226, 227 New World drugs 204 printing 183 religion and protestantism 204 surgery 216-18 travellers 202
renin-angiotensin system 537 reproductive organs, Leonardo da Vinci's
drawings 223, 224 reserpine 540; see also Rauwolfia sp.
effects 540, 541 respiratory control 426 respiratory system
disease descriptions 546 surgery 545, 546
rhesus factor 518 sensitization 519
rheumatoid arthritis 346 rifampicin 551 RNA-dependent DNA polymerase 527 Rome
animal organs 102 Code of Law 102 fall 150 hygiene and sanitation 100, 101 medical practitioners 100 pharmacopoeia use 140 teachers 103
Rome, Greek medicine 100-29; see also Celsus, Galen and Dioscorides
Aesclepiades and physical laws 101, 102 original medicine 100
rosemary (Rosmarinus ojficinalis) properties 673
Royal College of Physicians 467 Royal College of Surgeons 467 Royal Society of Medicine 470 rubella, congenital defects 610 Rufus of Ephesus and haemostasis 121, 122
saffron (Crocus sp. and Colchicum spp.); ancient uses 132, 133
St. Ignatius' bean 164 St. John's plant (Artemisia vulgaris),
description and habitat 119, 120 St. Mary's hospital, Chichester
care since 1290 176, 177 Salerno
medical school 167, 168 medical textbooks 168 successors 169 writers 168, 169
salicin identity 669 sources 138, 139, 473
salicylic acid sources 46 synthesis 473
Salpetiere and Charcot 458, 459 Salvarsan xxi, 555
and chemotherapy 689 santonica (Artemisia cina) 107
antihelmintic 107 sarsaparilla (Smilax spp.) and syphilis 215 scientific medicine, duration of ancient 149 scurvy
citrus fruit 264, 307 prevention 306, 307 treatise, Lind 305
sulphapyridine (M & B 693) 556 sulphonamides 556, 557
hypoglycaemia and insulin 557 sulphonylurease 557 sulphur
Assyrian use 28 mustard 523, 524
surgeon and barbers 220 fleet and Armada 220 punishments for failure 22
surgery 437-60; see also heart American 440 anaesthesia role 443 antiseptic 456, 457; see also Lister Cooper's operations 437,438 Guy de Chauliac 170, 171 Guy's hospital 325,437 John Hunter and after 325-33 Renaissance 216-18
sweating sickness identity 218, 221, 284 Sydenham, Thomas
Washington, George dates 362 medical treatment and death 362, 363
waterborne infections 465; see also cholera weather and disease pattern 303 Weber-Fechner Law 427 Weber's law 427 weights and measures 372 whdw and Egyptian aetiology 17-19 Whytt's reflex 304, 337 willow (Salix spp.) 669
S. alba 669, 670, 672 willow bark (Salix sp.) 46
agues 669,671-3 powders 672
witchcraft, James I and IV 239
Withering, William asthma 355-8 British Plants 348, 349 dates 347, 355 education 347 foxglove 348, 350
Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome 536 World Health Organization, Model List of
Essential Drugs xxii, 543, 544, 651 Worshipful Company of Apothecaries
charter 287 and College of Physicians 289 establishment 286, 287 Hall, sites 287, 288 history 287 medical advice 289 qualification 466, 467 roles 288, 289