Aplicaciones de la informática educativa a la enseñanza 2

APLICACIONES DE LA INFORMÁTICA EDUCATIVA A LA ENSEÑANZA DEL INGLÉS

Buroni, Andrea

Coronel, Angel Javier

Definition Educational

technology (also called learning technology) is the study and ethical practice of facilitating learning and improving performance by creating, using and managing appropriate technological processes and resources.

•Educational technology defined as an array of tools.

A short history

Educational technology in a way could be traced back to the emergence of very early tools, e.g., paintings on cave walls. But usually its history is made to start with educational film (1900's) or Sidney Pressey's mechanical teaching machines in the 1920‘s.

Theories and practices Three main theoretical schools or

philosophical frameworks have been present in the educational technology literature. These are:

Behaviorism, Cognitivism Constructivism. Each of these schools of thought are still present

in today's literature but have evolved as the Psychology literature has evolved.

The schools in depth

BEHAVIOURISM COGNITIVISM CONSTRUCTIVISM

Developed in the early 20th century.

Some exponents: Ivan Pavlov, Edward Thorndike, B.F. Skinner and many others.

Many psychologists used these theories to describe and experiment with human learning but it has lost favor with many

educators.

Developed in the 1960s and 1970s.

It has changed how educators view learning.

Computer Science and Information Technology have had a major influence on Cognitive Science theory.

Some important concepts: • working memory • long term memory

Another major influence on the field of Cognitive Science is Noam Chomsky.

Developed in the early 20th century.

Some exponents: Jean Piaget, Vygotsky, Jerome Bruner and many others.

Primary tenet: learners construct their own meaning from new information, as they interact with reality or others with different perspectives.

The 1950's led to two major still popular designs.

Skinners work led to "programmed instruction" focusing on:

Bloom endorsed instructional techniques

the formulation of behavioural objectives, breaking instructional content into small units and rewarding correct responses early and often.

that varied both instruction and time according to learner requirements. Models based on these designs were usually referred to as computer-based training" (CBT), Computer-aided instruction or computer-assisted instruction (CAI) in the 1970's through the 1990's.

Preferred technologies were micro-worlds (computer environments where learners could explore and build), simulations (computer environments where the learner can play with parameters of dynamic systems) and hypertext.

The 1980's and 1990's produced a variety of schools that can be put under the umbrella of the label Computer-based learning (CBL).

The next century has arrived

The 2000's emergence of multiple mobile and ubiquitous technologies gave a new impulse to situated learning theories favoring learning-in-context scenarios.

Some theorists, like H. Becker and N. Hativa (1994) use the concept of integrated learning to describe blended learning scenarios that integrate both school and authentic (e.g., workplace) settings.

Technology in the classroom According to Alan November (2008), there are

many kinds of computer and non-computer technologies currently in use in traditional classrooms. Among these are:

Computer in the classroom Class website Class blogs and wikis Wireless classroom microphones Mobile devices SmartBoards Online media

Sources

Schneider, D. (2004). Foundations of Educational Technology. Retrieved from: Edutech Wiki. http://edutechwiki.unige.ch/en/Educational_technology

Schneider, D. (2005). Information and Communication systems. Retrieved from: Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Educational_technology

November, A. (2008). Empowering students with Technology. November Learning

Becker, H. J. & Hativa, N. (1994). History, theory and research concerning integrated learning systems. International Journal of Educational Research.