APAstyle

What is APA Style, and Why Use It?What is APA Style, and Why Use It?

► American Psychological AssociationAmerican Psychological Association►The most commonly used format for The most commonly used format for

manuscripts in the social sciences.manuscripts in the social sciences.►APA regulates:APA regulates:

• StylisticsStylistics

• In-text citationsIn-text citations

• ReferencesReferences• http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/17 /

An APA Title PageAn APA Title Page► Header (Upper Right Corner)Header (Upper Right Corner)

Brief TitleBrief Title Five SpacesFive Spaces Page Number (Title Page is Page 1)Page Number (Title Page is Page 1)

► Running Head (Upper Left of Page)Running Head (Upper Left of Page) Running head: BRIEF TITLE IN CAPITALSRunning head: BRIEF TITLE IN CAPITALS

► Title and Identification (Center of Page, Double Spaced)Title and Identification (Center of Page, Double Spaced) Full Title (Balance title over 2 lines rather than go to the far edges)Full Title (Balance title over 2 lines rather than go to the far edges) Author(s) Name(s)Author(s) Name(s) School (ex. University of Baguio)School (ex. University of Baguio) Date (Month date, year format)Date (Month date, year format)

Perrin, R. (2007). Perrin, R. (2007). Pocket guide to APA stylePocket guide to APA style (2 (2ndnd ed.). Boston: Houghton Mifflin. ed.). Boston: Houghton Mifflin.

An APA Title PageAn APA Title Page

DocumentationDocumentationBibliographyBibliography► Entries must be organized and written according to categoryEntries must be organized and written according to category► Center the categories of the bibliographic entries. The Center the categories of the bibliographic entries. The

categories must be in bold and in title casecategories must be in bold and in title case► After typing the categories, type the specific reference After typing the categories, type the specific reference

material using the UB APA formatmaterial using the UB APA format► Main Titles of books, magazines, etc are italicized.Main Titles of books, magazines, etc are italicized.► Sources are listed in alphabetical order by the author’s last Sources are listed in alphabetical order by the author’s last

namename► Leave one character space after each periodLeave one character space after each period

UB Thesis Format (4UB Thesis Format (4thth ed.) ed.)

Documenting AuthorsDocumenting Authors► One Author: One Author:

Poyaoan, C. C. (1993). Poyaoan, C. C. (1993). Interpersonal communicationInterpersonal communication. Phils: University of . Phils: University of

Baguio Press.Baguio Press.► Two Authors:Two Authors:

Duckitt, J. & Renchon, S. (2000) . Duckitt, J. & Renchon, S. (2000) . Political psychology : culturalPolitical psychology : cultural and and

cross cultural foundations. cross cultural foundations. USA: New York University Press.USA: New York University Press.► Three to Six AuthorsThree to Six Authors

Montoya, J., Oliveros, J., & Toress, J. (1997). Montoya, J., Oliveros, J., & Toress, J. (1997). PhilosophicalPhilosophical foundations foundations

of behavior modificationof behavior modification. Phils: Rex Bookstore.. Phils: Rex Bookstore.► More than Six AuthorsMore than Six Authors

Smith, M., Flanagan, F., Judd, A., Burstyn, E., Bullock, S., Knight, S., Smith, M., Flanagan, F., Judd, A., Burstyn, E., Bullock, S., Knight, S.,

et al. (2002). et al. (2002).

Documenting AuthorsDocumenting Authors► An Edited Book: An Edited Book:

Espino, E. R. (Ed.). (1991). Espino, E. R. (Ed.). (1991). Fundamentals of structural engineering. Fundamentals of structural engineering.

CambodiaCambodia: Angkor Wat, Inc.: Angkor Wat, Inc.► News Article:News Article:

Calinao, N. P. (2005, April17). An AFP recipe for dictatorship. Calinao, N. P. (2005, April17). An AFP recipe for dictatorship.

Zigzag weekly. p. 7. Zigzag weekly. p. 7. ► Thesis or DissertationThesis or Dissertation

Danguilan, Z. C. (1987). Danguilan, Z. C. (1987). Music reading made easyMusic reading made easy. Unpublished . Unpublished

doctorate dissertation, University of Baguio, Philippinesdoctorate dissertation, University of Baguio, Philippines► Reference without authorsReference without authors

________. (1996). ________. (1996). Animal instinctAnimal instinct. France: Le louvre, Ltd. . France: Le louvre, Ltd.

Parenthetical CitationParenthetical Citation

Acknowledging words, facts, or ideas from another source.Acknowledging words, facts, or ideas from another source.

► The most common type of credit (citation) lists the author’s last name and the The most common type of credit (citation) lists the author’s last name and the year of publication in parentheses.year of publication in parentheses.

   Education as an investment is true only if it is used as a Education as an investment is true only if it is used as a

potent tool to eradicate poverty, and it is for sustainable and potent tool to eradicate poverty, and it is for sustainable and

equitable development (Segnaden, 1999). equitable development (Segnaden, 1999).

► If the author is named in the text, only the year is cited.If the author is named in the text, only the year is cited.

According to Wi (1996), infection with Hepatitis B virus According to Wi (1996), infection with Hepatitis B virus

is a widespread problem.is a widespread problem.

► If the name of the author and the date are used in the text, parenthetical reference is not If the name of the author and the date are used in the text, parenthetical reference is not necessary.necessary.

In a 2004 study, Galangco states that the College has obtained In a 2004 study, Galangco states that the College has obtained

its objectives despite some shortcomings in several co- its objectives despite some shortcomings in several co-

curricular…. curricular….

► For quotations with less than forty words and at the same time not exceeding four lines, For quotations with less than forty words and at the same time not exceeding four lines, use quotation marks.use quotation marks.

As Malayo (2008) writes, “A woman is the full circle. Within her is the As Malayo (2008) writes, “A woman is the full circle. Within her is the

power to create, nurture, and transform.” This implies that a woman plays a power to create, nurture, and transform.” This implies that a woman plays a

vital role in nation building.vital role in nation building.

► For quotations which exceed four lines, type the excerpt in a single- spaced full block section.For quotations which exceed four lines, type the excerpt in a single- spaced full block section.

Nakpil (1977) traces the metamorphosis of the Filipina that brought about Nakpil (1977) traces the metamorphosis of the Filipina that brought about

the complex character of the modern woman: the complex character of the modern woman: The Filipino woman of today is a sort of compromise The Filipino woman of today is a sort of compromise between the between the affected little Christian idealist of the affected little Christian idealist of the Spanish regime, the self- Spanish regime, the self- confident, go- getter of theconfident, go- getter of the American Era, and the pagan naturalist of American Era, and the pagan naturalist of her Asiaticher Asiatic ancestors.ancestors.

► Paraphrasing someone else’s work: When paraphrasing a passage, you need to cite the source of the Paraphrasing someone else’s work: When paraphrasing a passage, you need to cite the source of the material.material.

Casper (1987) remarks that the restrictions and social prohibitions tried to shape Casper (1987) remarks that the restrictions and social prohibitions tried to shape

the frail, timid, and inferior Filipina which has denied her traditional roles of the frail, timid, and inferior Filipina which has denied her traditional roles of

keeping her community’s memory of itself intact, of being one to bear upon the keeping her community’s memory of itself intact, of being one to bear upon the

present memories and wisdom of the past. She observes that the works of female present memories and wisdom of the past. She observes that the works of female

writers are searches to their inner essences. Thus showing the image of the Filipina writers are searches to their inner essences. Thus showing the image of the Filipina

is varied in the works of women writers. is varied in the works of women writers.

Why Source Integration?Why Source Integration?► Quotations, paraphrases, and summariesQuotations, paraphrases, and summaries

provide support for claims or add credibility to your writing provide support for claims or add credibility to your writing refer to work that leads up to the work you are now doing refer to work that leads up to the work you are now doing give examples of several points of view on a subject give examples of several points of view on a subject call attention to a position that you wish to agree or disagree with call attention to a position that you wish to agree or disagree with highlight a particularly striking phrase, sentence, or passage by highlight a particularly striking phrase, sentence, or passage by

quoting the original quoting the original distance yourself from the original by quoting it in order to cue distance yourself from the original by quoting it in order to cue

readers that the words are not your own readers that the words are not your own expand the breadth or depth of your writing expand the breadth or depth of your writing

Quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing. (2004). Purdue University Online Writing Lab. Retrieved September 28, 2007, from Quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing. (2004). Purdue University Online Writing Lab. Retrieved September 28, 2007, from http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/research/r_quotprsum.htmlhttp://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/research/r_quotprsum.html

Choosing Text to IntegrateChoosing Text to Integrate1.1. Read the entire text, noting the key points and Read the entire text, noting the key points and

main ideas. main ideas. 2.2. Summarize in your own words what the single Summarize in your own words what the single

main idea of the essay is. main idea of the essay is. 3.3. Paraphrase important supporting points that Paraphrase important supporting points that

come up in the essay. come up in the essay. 4.4. Consider any words, phrases, or brief passages Consider any words, phrases, or brief passages

that you believe should be quoted directly. that you believe should be quoted directly.

Quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing. (2004). Purdue University Online Writing Lab. Retrieved September 28, 2007, from Quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing. (2004). Purdue University Online Writing Lab. Retrieved September 28, 2007, from http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/research/r_quotprsum.htmlhttp://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/research/r_quotprsum.html

ParaphrasingParaphrasing►ParaphrasingParaphrasing involves putting a passage involves putting a passage

from source material into your own words. from source material into your own words. Attribute paraphrases to their original sources.Attribute paraphrases to their original sources. Paraphrases are usually shorter than, but may Paraphrases are usually shorter than, but may

be the same length as the original passage. be the same length as the original passage. Paraphrases take a more focused segment of Paraphrases take a more focused segment of

the source and condense it slightly. the source and condense it slightly.

Quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing. (2004). Purdue University Online Writing Lab. Retrieved September 28, 2007, from Quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing. (2004). Purdue University Online Writing Lab. Retrieved September 28, 2007, from http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/research/r_quotprsum.htmlhttp://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/research/r_quotprsum.html

QuotingQuoting►QuotationsQuotations must be identical to the original. must be identical to the original.

Quotations use a narrow segment of the source. Quotations use a narrow segment of the source. They must match the source document word for word They must match the source document word for word

and must be attributed to the original author. and must be attributed to the original author. Use quotes when the actual words are so integral to the Use quotes when the actual words are so integral to the

discussion that they cannot be replaced.discussion that they cannot be replaced. Use quotes when the author’s words are so precisely Use quotes when the author’s words are so precisely

and accurately stated that they cannot be paraphrased.and accurately stated that they cannot be paraphrased.

Quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing. (2004). Purdue University Online Writing Lab. Retrieved September 28, 2007, from Quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing. (2004). Purdue University Online Writing Lab. Retrieved September 28, 2007, from http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/research/r_quotprsum.htmlhttp://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/research/r_quotprsum.html

Basic APA / MLA DifferencesBasic APA / MLA Differences

Modern Language Association (MLA)Modern Language Association (MLA)► Used to cite writings that have humanities Used to cite writings that have humanities

focus on: Literature, Mass Communications, focus on: Literature, Mass Communications, Media StudiesMedia Studies

► The author’s name, both the first and last The author’s name, both the first and last name, is spelled out on the bibliographic pagename, is spelled out on the bibliographic page

► In- text citation- the last name of the author In- text citation- the last name of the author and the page number from which the and the page number from which the reference was taken is displayedreference was taken is displayed

► There is no ABSTRACT requiredThere is no ABSTRACT required► Bibliographic Information- “Works Cited”Bibliographic Information- “Works Cited”

(http://EzineArticles.com/822060)(http://EzineArticles.com/822060)

American Psychological Association (APA )American Psychological Association (APA )• Used to cite writings that focus on Used to cite writings that focus on

Psychology, Business, the Social Psychology, Business, the Social Sciences, Economics, Medicine, Criminal Sciences, Economics, Medicine, Criminal justice and Law.justice and Law.

• Only the last name of the author is spelled Only the last name of the author is spelled out while the first name is an initial.out while the first name is an initial.

• In- text citation- the last name and the year In- text citation- the last name and the year of publication are displayed (separated by of publication are displayed (separated by a comma)a comma)

• Requires an AbstractRequires an Abstract

• Bibliographic Information- References

Work Cited"Blueprint Lays Out Clear Path for Climate Action." Environmental Defense Fund. Environmental Defense Fund, 8 May 2007. Web. 24 May 2009.