Apa

Citations APA Style

APA and Preventing Plagiarism David [email protected] this presentation, we will cover the following topics:

*formatting the manuscript or research paper*citing sources within the body of the paper*creating citations for the References page *preventing plagiarism 1APA APA Style consists of guidelines published within the 6th edition of The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association.

APA Style consists of guidelines published within the 6th edition of The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association. These guidelines cover: *format of scholarly manuscripts * grammar and punctuation *graphic elements (such as charts and graphs) *rules for citing sources

At Dalton State, instructors in the Department of Social Sciences, School of Nursing, School of Social Work, School of Business Administration, School of Education, and some Speech courses may require students to the APA style for various types of assignments.2Sections of an APA PaperTitle PageAbstractBodyReferencesAppendices and Supplemental materials An APA-style manuscript (or research paper) is divided into sections: Title PageAbstractBodyReferencesAppendices and Supplemental materials

3Formatting an APA PaperRecommended typeface is Times New Roman 12 point font sizeDouble-space your paper, including the reference list.

Leave margins of at least one inch (1) at the top, bottom and sides of the paper. (APA Manual, p. 41)

Hint: Microsoft Windows automatically places the margins at 1.

Indent the first line of every paragraph five to seven spaces or inch. (APA Manual, p. 229) ecommended typeface is Times New Roman 12 point font sizeDouble-space your paper, including the reference list.

Leave margins of at least one inch (1) at the top, bottom and sides of the paper. (APA Manual, p. 41)

Hint: Microsoft Windows automatically places the margins at 1.

Indent the first line of every paragraph five to seven spaces or inch. (APA Manual, p. 229) The recommended typeface for APA is Times New Roman 12 point font size.

Double-space your paper, including the reference list. Leave margins of at least one inch (1) at the top, bottom and sides of the paper. (APA Manual, p. 41)

Hint: Microsoft Windows automatically places the margins at 1" at the top, bottom and sides of the paper.

Indent the first line of every paragraph five to seven spaces or inch. (APA Manual, p. 229)

4Title Page 1 Running head: TITLE OF PAPER

Title of Research PaperJohn C. Doe and Jane A. DoeDalton State College Authors Name(s) Institutional AffiliationA Running head or short title is provided in ALL CAPS for each page of the paper. The first page of the research paper is called the Title page.

Each page is numbered, starting with the title page. (Check with your instructor to see if they want you to include your last name along with the page number. Page numbers should be in the upper right hand corner of the page.

In the upper left-hand corner of the title page, should appear the words Running head: SHORT TITLE. The title should be in ALL CAPS.

The title of the paper is centered and positioned in the upper half of the page. On the next line, you place the authors first, middle initial and last name. Below the author(s) name(s), you place the institutional affiliation.

If you are submitting a manuscript for publication, you would place authors notes centered at the bottom of the page. Within the first paragraph, you provide departmental affiliations. The next paragraph would include acknowledgement if the authors received grants or financial support for a study. The third paragraph would be contact information (mailing address and email).

51. Open Microsoft Word2. Select Insert from menu bar 3. Click on Header4. Scroll down to Edit Header

Different Running Head?APA guidelines state that the words Running head: must appear on the title page, but the subsequent pages of the paper do not include those words before the title in the header. So how do you create a different running head on the title page?

Open Microsoft Word Select Insert on the menu barClick on the Header icon.Scroll down and click Edit Header6

5. Select Design from the menu.6. Under Header & Footer Tools, check Different First Page. 7 . Type in the header for the first page, then when you move to the next page, double- click in the Header area to edit the header. Remove the words Running head: and close the Header and Footer box.

5. Select Design from the menu.6. Under Header and Footer Tools, check the box next to Different First Page. Type in the header for the first page, then when you move to the next page, double-click in the Header area to edit the header. Remove the words Running head: and close the Header and Footer box.

7Abstract 2 TITLE OF PAPERAbstract Most abstracts will include the problem under investigation, participants of the study, along with characteristics, study methods, criteria of study eligibility, basic findings, and implications of the study for theory and practice. Keywords: subject terms or words

Page 41 APA handbook

An abstract is a summary of the paper and will include the problem under investigation, basic findings, and implications of the study for further research.

The abstract page should include the running head (but notice that the words Running head are only found on the title page).

The word Abstract is centered. In our example, the word Abstract is in red font. This is just to draw your attention to the word. In your paper, you would not use a different font color. The paragraph is double-spaced and typed in block format.

Centered below the abstract are the keywords that a researcher may use to locate your article using a web search engine or database. Indent 5-7 spaces from the margin and type Keywords, then type a colon and include the subject terms or keywords. 8Body of the Paper 3 TITLE OF PAPER

Title of Paper

Introduction of the paper describes problem under study.

Method Participants Group 1. Start text two spaces after the period. Group 2. Start text two spaces after the period. Table 1 Headings are always in bold type. Level 2 Level 1 Level 3 The body of the paper starts on page 3 and should have 1 inch margins on all sides.

The Running head should be capitalized and the title of the paper should be centered. Begin the paper with an introduction or an explanation of the problem you are studying. Headings divide the paper into sections (usually Method, Literature Review, Discussion, Summary or Conclusion). There are various levels of headings. Page 62 of the APA handbook describes the various levels of headings.

Level 1 headings centered, bold font, upper and lower case

Level 2 headings left margin, bold font, upper and lower case

Level 3 headings indented 5 spaces from left margin, bold face, lowercase, ending with a period. 9Citing in the Text Regions of the brain thought to be important for emotional detection remain relatively intact with aging (Chow and Cummings, 2000).

Mather and Knight (2006) examined young and older adults ability to detect happy, sad, angry, or neutral faces presented in complex visual array (p.276).

Or

The study examined young and older adults ability to detect happy, sad, angry, or neutral faces presented in complex visual array (Mather and Knight, 2006 , p.276).

Hahn et al. (2006) also found no age differences in efficiency.

Throughout the manuscript, you will likely quote or paraphrase the writing, statements, or research of other individuals. If you do not mention the authors name in the sentence leading up to a quotation or paraphrase, place the name(s) of the author(s) in parenthesis along with the date of publication, at the appropriate point within the paragraph.

If you mention the author(s) name(s), insert the date of publication in parenthesis at the appropriate point within the paragraph. If you include a direct quote, place the page number in parenthesis after the quotation.

If you are citing a work with six or more authors, then use the surname of the first author followed by the words et al.

10Formatting References Page 25

At the end of your paper, you will include a References page. This lists all of the sources youve quoted, paraphrased or referred to within your paper.

The References page should include the running head at the top left corner and the page number in the upper right corner.

Center the word References on the page and use 1 inch margins on all sides.

References should be double-spaced and the first line should start at the left margin. The second and subsequent lines of a citation should be indented 5-7 spaces from the left margin. This is called a hanging indent.

If you are citing a web page with a lengthy URL, you may create a break at a slash mark. For example: http://video.pbs.org/program/979358040 could be separated between org and program or between program and 979358040. 11APA ReferencesUse authors last name and initial(s).MLA: Wilson, Leslie APA : Wilson, L.

Date of publication is placed at the beginning of the citationInclude the state of publication Format of publication is not included MLA: Nielson, Troy. Career Trek. Upper Saddle River: Pearson Prentice

Hall, 2008. Print.

APA: Nielson, T. (2008). Career Trek. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson

Prentice Hall. Use authors last name and initial(s).MLA: Wilson, Leslie APA : Wilson, L.

Date of publication is placed at the beginning of the citationInclude the state of publication Format of publication is not included MLA: Nielson, Troy. Career Trek. Upper Saddle River: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2008. Print.

APA: Nielson, T. (2008). Career Trek. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.

12Reference PageArrange reference list entries in alphabetical order by the last name of the first author. Use only the initial(s) of the authors name, with a space and a period between the initials (APA Manual, p.181).

Spellman, F. & Whiting, N. (2005). Environmental engineers mathematics

handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.

If no author is listed, then move the title to the author position, before the date of publication (APA Manual, p. 183). APA Style Guide (2011). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

If a title has more than eight authors, include the first six authors names, then insert three ellipses, and add the last author's name. (APA Manual, p. 184,198). Glueckrafu, R.L., Whitton, J., Baxter, J. , Kain, J., Vogelgesang, S., Hudson, M.,...Botros, N. (2009).

Arrange reference list entries in alphabetical order by the last name of the first author listed in a source. Use only the initial(s) of the authors name, with a space and a period between the initials (APA Manual, p.181).

Spellman, F. & Whiting, N. (2005). Environmental engineers mathematics handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.

If no author is listed, then move the title to the author position, before the date of publication (APA Manual, p. 183). APA Style Guide (2011). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

If a title has more than eight authors, include the first six authors names, then insert three ellipses, and add the last author's name. (APA Manual, p. 184,198). Glueckrafu, R.L., Whitton, J., Baxter, J. , Kain, J., Vogelgesang, S., Hudson, M.,...Botros, N. (2009).

13CapitalizeCapitalize any proper nouns and the first word of thetitle and subtitle of: articleschaptersbooksreports

Example: Lyons, J.D. (2006). Winston Churchill and the rhetorical challenges of

democratic statesmanship. Perspectives on Political Science, 35(1),

4-13. Retrieved from http://www.perspectivesonpoliticalscience.org.

Capitalize any proper nouns and the first word of the title and subtitle of: articleschaptersbooksreports

Example: Lyons, J.D. (2006). Winston Churchill and the rhetorical challenges of democratic statesmanship. Perspectives on Political Science, 35(1), 4-13. Retrieved from http://www.perspectivesonpoliticalscience.org.

14Italicize.Italicize and use uppercase and lowercase letters for the following:

Magazine TitleNewspaper TitleJournal TitleNewsletter Title

Examples: Early Childhood Education JournalJournal of Research in Childhood Education

Italicize the volume number of a periodical

Example: Wilson, L.D. (2004). On tests, small changes make a big difference. Teaching Children

Mathematics, 11(3), 134-137.

Italicize and use uppercase and lowercase letters for the following:

Magazine TitleNewspaper TitleJournal TitleNewsletter Title

Examples: Early Childhood Education JournalJournal of Research in Childhood Education

Italicize the volume number of a periodical

Example: Wilson, L.D. (2004). On tests, small changes make a big difference. Teaching Children Mathematics, 11(3), 134-137.

15Citing BooksBook [APA Manual, p.202-203]Author, A., Author, B., & Author, C. (Year of publication). Title of book: Capitalize first letter in subtitle. Place of

publication: Publisher.

Example: Spellman, F. & Whiting, N. (2005). Environmental engineers mathematics handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC

Press.

Book Article or Chapter [APA Manual, p. 204] Author, A. (Year of publication). Article or chapter title: Capitalize first letter in subtitle. In A. Editor,

B. Editor (Eds.), Book title: Capitalize first letter in subtitle (# ed., pp.#). Place of publication: Publisher. Example: Donnerstein, E. (2005). Is popular culture too violent? Media violence promotes violent behavior. In J. Woodward (Ed.),

Popular culture: Opposing viewpoint (pp. 114-119). Detroit, MI: Thompson Gale. These are examples of citations for a book and a book article or chapter.

APA citations follow a basic pattern. Citations begin with the last name of the author, the first initial of the author, a period. The date of publication follows the author(s) name(s) and is in parenthesis. Next comes the title of the book or chapter title. Following the title is the place of publication and the publisher.

You will make minor changes for edited books, articles or web sites. 16BooksEdited Book [APA Manual, p.202-203]Editor, A. (Ed.). (Year of publication). Title of book: Capitalize first letter in subtitle. Place of

Publication: Publisher.

Example: Zubrow, E. (Ed.). (1976). Demographic anthropology: Quantitative approaches. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.

Electronic version of print book [APA Manual, p.203] Author, A., & Author, B. (Year of publication). Title of book: Capitalize the first letter in

subtitle [version]. Retrieved from http:/www.address

Example: Hogstel, M. & Curry, L. (2005). Health assessment through the life span [NetLibrary version]. Retrieved from http://www.galileo.usg.edu If a book is edited, the editors name is moved to the beginning of the citation. You follow the editors name with Ed. in parenthesis.

If you use an electronic version of a book, place the version in brackets after the title of the book and include the URL if required. 17Print ArticlesJournal Article [APA Manual, p. 198-199]Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Article title. Title of journal, Volume(issue), page(s). Example: Wilson, L. D. (2004). On tests, small changes make a big difference. Teaching Children Mathematics, 11(3), 134-137. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Magazine Article [APA Manual, p.200] Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day of publication). Article title. Title of magazine, Volume(issue), page(s). Example: Ramirez, J. (2007, April 16). How to live a greener life. Newsweek, 149(16), 82. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Newspaper Article [APA Manual, p.200] Author, A. B. (Year, Month Day of publication). Article title. Title of newspaper, p. SectionPage.

Example: Brown, R. (2009, December 16). Long faces ethics complaint. Dalton Daily Citizen, p. A1. Citing articles from magazines, journals or newspaper follows a similar pattern.

Authors last name, first initial. (Year, Month Day of Publication). Article title. Title of Journal, Volume, (issue), page(s).

You will make slight variations, depending on the source. For a journal, you would not include the month and day of publication. For a newspaper article, you include the section number along with the page number. 18Online SourcesIf available, use a DOI rather than the URL.

Digital Object Identifier(unique number assigned to documentsavailable online)

What does a DOI look like? 10.311057/2511450135253

Because web sites change URLs and contents frequently, if available, use a DOI rather than the URL when citing online sources.

What is a DOI? This stands for:

Digital Object Identifier(unique number assigned to documents available online)

What does a DOI look like? 10.311057/2511450135253

DOI numbers are usually included in the abstract of the article or may be at the top or bottom of a full-text version of the article. 19Where should the DOI be included in the citation? Harris, L. & Rae, A. (2009). Social networks: The future of marketing for small business. Journal of Business Strategy, 30(5), 24-31. doi:10.1108/02756660910987581

Where should the DOI (Digital Object Identifier) be included in the citation?

The DOI comes at the end of the citation. For example:

Harris, L. & Rae, A. (2009). Social networks: The future of marketing for small business. Journal of Business Strategy, 30(5), 24-31. doi:10.1108/02756660910987581

Doi should be in lower case letters in the citation.

20What if there is no DOI?

Example: Wilson, L.D. (2004). On tests, small changes make a big difference. Teaching

Children Mathematics, 11(3), 134-137. If there is not a DOI number.APA says it is not necessary to include database information, so cite as if article came from a print copy.

Always follow professors guidelines for your assignment! What if there is no DOI (Digital Object Identifier)?

If there is not a DOI number.APA says it is not necessary to include database information, so cite as if article came from a print copy.

Example: Wilson, L.D. (2004). On tests, small changes make a big difference. Teaching Children Mathematics, 11(3), 134-137.

Hint: Always check with your professor! He or she may require you to include the URL.

21APA Guides

1. Go to Library web pagewww.daltonstate.edu/library2. Select Research Resources link.3. Select Cite Resources for a Research Paper link. 4. Choose the APA link under Citation Styles.

1. Go to Library web page www.daltonstate.edu/library2. Select Research Resources link.3. Select Cite Resources for a Research Paper link. 4. Choose the APA link under Citation Styles22Links on the Librarys page

Under the APA Style link, you will find:

APA color-coded citation guide (a color-coded illustration of citations for common sources such as books, articles from the GALILEO databases and websites).

APA Style Citation Guide (detailed explanation of fonts, manuscript format, in-text citations, tutorials, as well as many citation examples).

APA Video Tutorial (Brief 5 minute video illustrates where citation information is found in books, encyclopedias, databases, newspaper and magazines, as well as websites then demonstrates how to create an APA citation for each of these sources). 23EasyBib

David Brown email: [email protected]

My phone number is (706) 272-4459. Text me at (706) 225-8927

Thanks for coming!

If you have any questions

If you have any questions or need further assistance, go to the librarys web page and click on the Ask Ust button to send a question. Call the library at 706.272.4575If youd prefer to speak with a librarian face-to-face, stop by the front desk or the Reference desk. 25