APA style

2013/4/9

APA style

13年4月8⽇日星期⼀一

什麼是APA格式?

✤ Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (6th Edition)

✤ 美國心理學會指定的學術論文撰寫規範。目前已不只心理學領域採用APA Style，包括社會、商管、經濟、教育、護理、新聞、傳播、法律、政治等學術領域都採用APA Style，而社會科學相關領域幾乎都採用APA Style。


• 邊界 = 1 inch

• 字型 = 標楷體、細明體、Times New Roman, Palatino Linotype, Courier (in 12 point font size)

• Do not justify margins

• Double spaced but no added spaces between paragraphs (兩倍行高)

• Single space after a period. (句點與下一個字元之間隔一個空白)

• Pages numbered with Arabic numerals (以阿拉伯數字標示頁碼)

• Include a running head 0.5 inches from top margin (上緣以內0.5英吋放置running head)

• Indent paragraphs (except Abstract) (除了摘要之外，每一段第一個字縮排)

版面配置


• Title/Cover Page 標題頁• Abstract (if instructed) 摘要• Introduction 導論• Method 方法 (實驗材料、受試者、施測程序、統計方法)• Results 結果 (描述統計、推論統計)• Discussion 討論• Reference Page 參考文獻• Appendices/Tables/Figures (if necessary)• 依照需求，使用圖、表、或附錄補充相關的訊息

Elements of an APA format Laboratory Report


• Use the past tense or present perfect tense in the Introduction to refer to past events

– Past Tense: Sanchez (2000) presented similar results.

– Present Perfect: Since that time, several investigators have used this method.

• Use the past tense to describe the Method and Results

• Use the present tense to Discuss the results and to present the conclusions

Content Formatting


• Do not use contractions. 不要使用縮寫• isn’t --> is not

• Avoid the use of biased language 避免使用歧視性的文字:– Sexist, racist, ageist etc. language– subject(s)/he/she --> the participant(s)/ they

• Use clear and concise language. 使用清楚、普遍共通的描述• 不要過於口語，避免使用研究環境裡面的行話(lab --> laboratory)

Content Formatting


• Numbers zero through nine should be presented in word form (except in the abstract)

• Numbers 10 or greater, or numbers with decimals (e.g. 6.84) should be expressed as numerals

• Any number that begins a sentence should be written in word form

• Numbers that are followed by a unit of measurement or time should be expressed as numerals

! (e.g. 5 cups, 25 minutes)

Number Formatting


• Include:

–A running head (比較短的標題，只有編輯、審稿人會看到。正式發行的時候不會列出running head)

– The title (標題)

– The author’s name (作者/作者們)

– The institution to which the report is presented (作者代表的組織/學校)

標題頁


Headings


• 何時要引述資料？

•對你的文章產生影響的研究、理論、想法，不是你原創的概念。

•並非普遍知識的訊息。

–比如，「中文字由許多筆劃交錯構成」這個概念可以直接描述，不用引述資料。如果要說「現代漢語中，80%的中文字之結構屬於形聲字」、或者「擁有書面語的社群中，閱讀障礙發生的機率大約為4%」這類特殊的訊息就要引述資料。

引述文獻


• 可以在文章裡面直接引述資料:– In their study, Jamison and Signorella (1980) had participants …

• 或者，把引用資料當作是某段描述的來源:–Several studies report that participants who identify with

masculine sex roles perform better in spatial tasks than those who identify with female sex roles (Jamison & Signorella, 1980; Nash, 1975; Signorella & Jamison, 1978, 1986; Vaught, 1965).

引述文獻的格式



文章裡面引述的資料必須列在「參考文獻/References」裡面

References

American Psychological Association. (2009). Publication Manual of the

American Psychological Association (6th ed.). Washington, DC:

American Psychological Association.

Carlson, N.R., & Buskist, W. (1997). Psychology: The Science of Behavior

(5th ed.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.

Wheeler, D.S., & Miller, R.R. (2008). Determinants of cue interactions.


✤ 圖片、表格必須加上說明。


✤ 圖片、表格必須加上說明。


APA style

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