APA FORMATTING for MAT Courseworknicolia-english.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/4/9/10495642/apa_format.pdf · Most writers use APA style for research papers in education. APA stands for

APA FORMATTING

for

MAT Coursework

Overview

Most writers use APA style for research papers in education. APA stands for the American Psychological Association. This is the “gold standard” for research writing.

This presentation addresses:

• APA basics

• Reference page citations

• In-text citations

• Sample reference page

APA Basics

All papers must use:

• A running header (name, date, and course number)

• Double-spacing (all portions, including numbered items)

• One-inch margins on all sides

• Font size 10 or 12 point

• Times New Roman, Arial, Calibri, or a similar font

• Two spaces after a punctuation mark that ends a sentence

• Numerals for numbers 10 and above

Back to Basics APA

APA Basics: Special Notes for Capstone Papers

Capstone papers must include:

• Title page

• Abstract

• Running head (a shortened version of your title)

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APA Citations and Reference Pages

• As you write your paper, you must give credit to the writers and researchers who helped you form your ideas.

• You must give credit both in the text (in-text citations) and on a reference page.

APA In-Text Citations and References

• If you include a quote, you must cite your source.

• If you have paraphrased a quote, you must cite your source.

• If you form an idea from something you read, you must cite your source.

• If you quote yourself or a conversation with someone else, you must

cite your source.

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Quotes Fewer Than 40 Words Long When directly quoting from a work, include the author, year of publication, and page number for the reference (preceded by “p.”). Introduce the quote with a signal phrase that includes the author’s last name followed by the date of publication in parentheses. If the source gives no date, use “n.d.”

• According to Jones (1998), “Students often had difficulty using APA style, especially when it was their first time” (p. 199).

OR

• Jones (1998) found that “students often had difficulty using APA style” (p. 199). What implications does this have for teachers?

“To be, or not to be”

If you do not name the author in a signal phrase, place the author’s last name, year

of publication, and page number in parentheses after the quote.

•She stated, “Students often had difficulty using APA style”; however, she did

not offer an explanation as to why (Smith, n.d., p. 199).

APA Reference Page Citations

The two types of citations include in-text citations and a reference page. We will address the reference page citations first.

• All APA reference citations have four parts:

• Each type of reference differs slightly. The next few slides cover the most common reference page citations.

Who (Author)

When (Date)

What (Title)

Where (Source)

Important note: The reference page always starts on a separate page.

APA Reference Page Citations

Who (Author)

When (Date)

What (Title)

Where (Source)

Anderson, A. (2010). Working from home. American Work Journal, 15(7), 12-15.

Academic Journal

Note the “hanging

indent.” All APA

references have a

hanging indent

APA Reference Page Citations

Who (Author)

When (Date)

What (Title)

Where (Source)

Gipe, J. (2002). Multiple paths to literacy: Classroom techniques for struggling

readers K-12 (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill Prentice Hall.

Book or Textbook

Chapter in an Edited Book

APA Reference Page Citations

Anderson, A. P. (2000). The learning process at the elementary level. In D. R.

Johnson & R. S. Hughes (Eds.), Cooperative learning during the formative

years (pp. 114-122). Chicago, IL: University Press.

Who (Author)

When (Date)

What (Title)

Where (Source)

APA Reference Page Citations

Harrison–Hansley, M., & Sussman, A. (Producers). (2005). Living with ADHD [DVD]. Available from http://www.films.com

OR Bregman, M. (Producer), Elfand, M. (Producer), & Lumet, S. (Director). (2006).

Dog day afternoon [Motion picture]. United States: Warner Home Video. OR Pearson (Producer). (2012). Differentiated instruction (Session 1 of 6)

[Streaming video]. Retrieved from MyEducationLab.com

Videos, Movies, and Streaming Videos

Who (Author)

When (Date)

What (Title)

Where (Source)

APA Reference Page Citations Web Articles – a little more complicated, but still the same, basic principle.

American Psychological Association. (2004). Violence on television: What do children learn? What can parents do? APA Online. Retrieved May 22, 2008, from http://www.apa.org

Who (Author)

When (Date)

What (Title)

Where (Source)

APA In-Text Citations

The following slides cover the basics of in-text citations.

The following sites have information about citing sources in APA format.

• http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/02/

• http://www.apastyle.org/learn/faqs/

• http://www.nova.edu/library/dils/lessons/apa/index.htm

APA In-Text Citations: Top 10 Student Problems

10. Citing Electronic Documents

Cite electronic documents the same way you would cite any other document by using the author and date style. EXAMPLE:

Kenneth (2000) explained...

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• Include information that will help readers find the passage you cite.

• When an electronic document has numbered paragraphs, use the abbreviation “para.”

EXAMPLES:

• Learning techniques applied in the classroom… (Hall, 2001, para. 5).

OR

• Teaching to large groups can lead to … (Teaching and Learning Restoration Project, 2006).

I have numbered paragraphs.

I have numbered paragraphs, too.

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9. Electronic Documents Without Page Numbers

8. Sources Cited Within Sources (Indirect Citations)

• Name the original source in the phrase.

• List the secondary source ONLY in the reference list.

• Include the secondary source in the parentheses.

EXAMPLE: • Johnson argued that ... (as cited in Smith, 2003, p. 102).

The Smith source, not Johnson, will appear in the reference page.

My name is Dr. Smith. I used Justice Johnson’s

argument to support my Parkinson’s disease

research.

My name is Justice Johnson. I wrote an

opinion for the Supreme Court about stem cell

research.

My name is Sue Student. Dr. Smith’s research

provided the background for my paper on

Parkinson’s disease.

7. Formatting Direct Quotations Longer Than 40 Words • Place the quote in a free-standing block.

• Do not include quotation marks.

• Start the quotation on a new line.

• Indent five spaces from the left margin.

• Type the entire quote within the new margin.

• Indent every line within the quote five spaces from the new margin.

• Double-space the quote.

EXAMPLE:

Nicholson’s (n.d.) study found the following:

Students often had difficulty using APA style, especially when it was their first time citing

sources. This difficulty could be attributed to the fact that many students failed to purchase

a style manual or ask their teacher for help (p. 16).

6. Citing Videos, Movies, Streaming Videos

• Cite electronic media in the text just like any other citations.

EXAMPLE Harrison–Hansley (2005) discusses the difficulties of living with ADHD.

Image from: http://blog.thebdx.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/video_pic2.jpg

5. Citing Videos: Multiple Videos From the Same Source Use a, b, c, etc. following the date within an in-text citation and a reference page citation when an author or presenter has two or more videos with his or her name from the same year.

In the example below, Lisa Haynes has more than one video. List the videos alphabetically on the reference page, (a, b, etc.) and coordinate them with the in-text citations. See in-text examples directly below and also within the reference page.

EXAMPLES:

• Haynes (2010a) discusses that the only things that matter are meeting the goals set for the students. As students mature, so do their needs within the classroom.

4. Citing a Work by Multiple Authors A Work by Two Authors: Name both authors in the signal phrase or in the parentheses each time you cite the work.

Use the word “and” between the authors’ names within the text, and use the ampersand in the parentheses.

• Research by Wegener and Petty (1994) supports...

OR

• Research indicates that children can… (Wegener & Petty, 1994).

A Work by Three to Five Authors: List all the authors in the signal phrase or in parentheses

the first time you cite the source.

• Once teachers implement cooperative learning … (Kernis, Cornell, Sun, Berry, & Harlow, 1993).

In subsequent citations, use only the first author’s last name followed by “et al.” in the signal phase or in parentheses.

• Kernis et al. (1993) believe that cooperative learning…

NOTE: Notice in et al. above, you do not place a period after et.

3. Citing a Work by an Organization or Government Agency If the author is an organization or a government agency, mention the organization in the signal phrase or in the parenthetical citation the first time you cite the source.

EXAMPLE:

• According to the American Psychological Association [APA] (2000)...

OR

• Always double-space papers (American Psychological Association [APA], 2000).

Subsequent in-text citations by APA:

• Students should use paraphrasing more often than direct quotes (APA, 2000).

2. Paraphrasing: Often Better Than a Quote

When paraphrasing an idea from another work, only reference the author and year of publication in the in-text citation. You do not have to cite the page number.

EXAMPLES:

• According to Jones (1998), APA style is a difficult citation format for first-time learners. OR

• APA style is a difficult citation format for first-time learners (Jones, 1998).

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Then he said, Woof, Woof, Woof

– But I’m paraphrasing

Darling, without me, you would be dateless.

1. Never separate an author from his or her date.

Gipe (2010), reflected, “Children need to read” (p. 211)

“Children need to read” (Gipe, 2010, p. 211) is the central philosophy in my

classroom

“Children,” said Gipe (2010), “need to read” (p. 211).

Sample Reference Page Format Important note: The reference page always starts on a separate page.

References

Author, A. A. (1996). Title of chapter. In editor(s)’ name(s) (Ed(s).), Title of

book (pp. xx-xx). City: Publisher.

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, volume

number(issue number), pages.

National Board for Professional Teaching Standards (2008). The five core

propositions. Retrieved September 3, 2009, from

http://nbpts.org/about_us/mission_and_history/the_five_core_propositio

References continued…

Purdue University Online Writing Lab (OWL) (2009). Purdue OWL: APA

formatting and style guide. Retrieved September 24, 2009, from

http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/

Teaching and Learning Restoration Project. (2006). New teaching

aspects in education. Retrieved June 6, 2007, from

http://www.educationrevival.org/population change.html