AP study questions

STUDY QUESTIONSDigestive System

Answers are provided below each question

1. Chemical digestion of food involves:

A. condensation reactions in the small intestineB. Enzymatic conversion of monosaccharides to polysaccharides in the small intestineC. hydrolysis reactions in the large intestine (colon)D. hydrolysis reactions in the small intestineE. two of the above.

2. Human dentition can be defined as being:

A. heterodont B. homodont C. diphyodont D. monophyodont E. two of the preceding.

3. The gall bladder:

A. produces bile B. is attached to the pancreas C. stores bile D. produces gastrin E. two of the preceding.

4. The esophageal hiatus is the:

A. opening between the esophagus and the pharynxB. junction between the esophagus and stomachC. region where the esophagus joins the larynx

Look here for the answer



D. site where the esophagus passes through the diaphramE. location where skeletal and smooth muscles merge.

5. A patient who has undergone gastrectomy (=removal of the stomach) may suffer from:

A. cirrhosis of the liver B. pernicious anemia C. duodenal ulcer D. salmonella E. inability to digest fats.

6. The organs of taste are called:

A. papillae B. taste pores C. hair cells D. taste buds E. none of the preceding.

7. Blood is drained from the liver by the:

A. hepatic artery and hepatic veinB. efferent lymphatic vesselsC. hepatic portal vein and hepatic veinsD. hepatic artery and hepatic portal veinE. hepatic veins.

8. The conversion of amino acids to glucose is an example of:

A. glycogenolysis B. beta oxidation





C. gluconeogenesis D. glycogenesis E. glycolysis.

MATCHING: Select the one correct answer: (Items A through E may be used more than once.)

A) Large intestine B) pancreas C) stomach D) small intestine E) esophagus

9. Villi are present in this structure10. Enterokinase is secreted by cells in this structure11. Peyer's patches are present in the wall12. Rugae may be present on the luminal surface13. Sucrase, lactase and maltase are produced by cells in this structure14. Haustra are typical features of this structure15. Opens into the laryngopharynx16. Pepsinogen is produced by cells in this structure17. Contains the islets of Langerhans18. The cardia and fundus are regions of this structure19. Parietal and chief cells are present in the walls20. The jejunum is part of this structure21. Aminopeptidase is produced by cells in this structure22. Lipase is produced by cells in this structure23. Ribonuclease and deoxyribonuclease are produced in this structure24. Taeniae coli are present in this structure25. Contains skeletal (striated) and visceral (smooth ) muscle in the wall.

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Select the best answer.

26. Which of the following is not a function of the liver?



A. synthesis of blood proteinsB. secretion of digestive enzymeC. detoxification of certain substancesD. production of ureaE. gluconeogenesis.

27. The dentin in the crown of a tooth is coved by:

A. cementum B. periodontal membrane C. connective tissue fibers in the pulp D. enamel E. odontoblasts.

28. Pancreatic cells:

A. produce glucagonB. secrete mucus into the duodenumC. are located in the mediastinumD. secrete insulin into the pancreaticE. two of the above

29. The cecum is a region of the:

A. stomach B. duodenum C. large intestine D. rectum E. pharynx.

MATCHING: Match the food category with the appropriate enzyme. (Items A through D may be used more than once.)





A) Carbohydrate digestion B) protein digestion C) Iipid digestion D) nucleic acid digestion.

30. Amylase31. Trypsin32. Aminopeptidase33. Lipase34. Ribonuclease35. Pepsin.36. Maltase37. Chymotrypsin38. Lactase39. Sucrase40. Deoxyribonuclease.

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Select the best answer.

41. Which of the following is not a fat-soluable vitamin?

A. vitamin A B. vitamin E C. vitamin D D. vitamin CE. vitamin K

42. During stress such as fasting or strenuous exercise, the anterior pituitary releases:

A. ACTH B. oxytocinC. FSH D. ADH E. LH




43. Which of the following hormones can produce hyperglycemia?

A. PTH B. growth hormone C. ADH D. prolactin E. TSH.

44. Calcitonin inhibits:

A. osteoclast activityB. thyroid activityC. mammary gland activityD. pancreatic activityE. osteoblast activity.

45. The metabolic effects of epinephrine are similar to those of:

A. glucose B. insulin C. aldosterone D. calcitonin E. glucagon.

46. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is released in response to:

A. low levels of plasma calciumB. low levels of plasma sodiumC. high levels of plasma sodiumD. high levels of plasma calciumE. none of the preceding.





47. Vitamin D is converted into a hormone that participates in the regulation of:

A. sodium balance B. calcium balance C. chloride balance D. water balance E. answers A and C.

48. Glucocorticoids are secreted from cells in the:

A. pancreas B. Iiver C. adrenal medulla D. placenta E. none of the preceding.

49. Hypothyroidism during prenatal development and the first two years after birth may result in

A. goiter B. cretinism C. albinism D. myxydema E. all of the preceding.

50. If an incision had to be made in the small intestine to remove an obstruction, which tunic (or layer) would be cut first?

A. mucosa B. submucosa C. muscularis




D. serosa.

51. The kidneys and most of the pancreas are considered to be:

A. antiperitoneal B. retroperitoneal C. medioperitoneal D. mesoperitoneal E. paraperitoneal.

TRUE OR FALSE: True = A, False = B

52. The optimal pH for pepsin is about 2.053. The muscularis mucosae is composed of smooth muscle fibers54. The facial cranial nerve innervates the posterior one-third of the tongue55. Another term for canine teeth is bicuspid teeth56. The GI tract is innervated by the ANS57. Each small intestinal microvillus contains a Iymphatic vessel called a lacteal58. Another term for swallowing is deglutition.

MATCHING. What type of epithelium forms the luminal lining of the following structures? (Note: Items A through E may be used more than once.)

A) Simple squamous epitheliumB) stratified, keratinized squamous epitheliumC) simple columnar epitheliumD) stratified, nonkeratinized squamous epitheliumE) pseudostratified, ciliated columnar epithelium.




59. Esophagus60. Stomach61. Small intestine62. Nasal vestibule63. Nasal cavity64. Trachea65. Respiratory alveoli.

66. The site of production of cholecystokinin and secretin is the:

a. Stomachb. Pancreasc. Small Intestined. Large Intestine

If the tight junctions connecting intestinal epithelial cells were removed, the efficiency of nutrient absorption would _____________.

Alkaline mucous glands are found in the submucosa of the:e. Ileumf. Jejunumg. Duodenumh. Cardiac region of the stomachi. a and b

The _______________________ anchors the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach.

True or False Bile and blood flow in opposite directions in the classical liver lobule.

Which of the following is not a function of the liver?







j. Production of bilek. Detoxification of drugsl. Storage of glucosem.Storage of Vitamin C

The gallbladder:n. Produces bileo. Is attached to the pancreasp. Stores and concentrates bileq. Produces cholecystokinin

The small fat-filled appendages of visceral peritoneum that hang from the surface of the large intestine are known as _______________.

True or False: All digestive organs are intraperitoneal.

The majority of the absorption of digested nutrients occurs in the:r. Stomachs. Ileumt. Jejunumu. Cecum

Which of the following sphincters is under voluntary control?v. Pyloricw. Cardiacx. Sphincter of Oddiy. Internal analz. External anal

High doses of antibiotics can destroy the bacterial flora of the large intestine. This can result in impaired:







aa. Absorption of proteinbb. Blood coagulationcc. Bone resorptiondd. Respiratory control

Look at the following layers of the alimentary canal. Arrange them from closest to the lumen to farthest from the lumen.

31. Serosa32. Mucosa33. Muscularis externa34. Submucosa

During exercise, the percentage of the cardiac output received by the digestive organs will ______________.

Which structure thickens in certain regions of the alimentary canal in order to act as a sphincter?

ii. Circular layer of the muscularis mucosaejj. Longituidnal layer of the muscularis mucosaekk. Circular layer of the muscularis externall. Longitudinal layer of the muscularis externa

The internal lip is joined to the gum by the _____________.

The anterior 2/3 of the tongue is separated from the posterior 1/3 by the __________________.

The 3 extrinsic salivary glands are the:mm. Parotid, sublingual, and ethmoidalnn. Parotid, buccal, and submaxillary







oo. Parotid, submandibular, and buccalpp. Parotid, submandibular, and sublingual

Which of the following is correct?qq. Adult incisors lack dentinrr.Adult incisors lack enamelss. Adult premolars lack cementumtt.Adult premolars lack enameluu. None of the above

At the junction between the esophagus and the stomach, the epithelial lining changes abruptly from __________________ to

_________________.vv. Nonkeratinized stratified squamous; simple

columnarww. Simple columnar; nonkeratinized stratified

squamousxx. Nonkeratinized simple squamous; stratified

columnaryy. Stratified columnar; nonkeratinized simple

squamous

In the stomach, food is turned into a paste called _____________.

The entire convex lateral surface of the stomach is the ____________.

Histologically, the stomach wall is unique because it contains:zz. No lamina propriaaaa. 1 extra layer in its muscularis mucosaebbb. 1 extra layer in its muscularis externaccc. An adventitia in addition to a double-membraned

serosa






The gastric gland cell whose absence could lead to pernicious anemia is the:

ddd. Chief celleee. Goblet cellfff. Mucous neck cellggg. Parietal cellhhh. Enteroendocrine cell

The layer of the digestive tube wall which contains blood vessels, lymphatic nodules, and a rich supply of elastic fibers is the:

iii.Mucosajjj.Submucosakkk. Muscularis Externalll.Serosa

Tooth structure includes:mmm. The dentin, which is the hardest substance in the

bodynnn. A root covered in enamelooo. A thin periodontal ligament which holds the tooth in

placeppp. Pulp, an avascular connective tissue filling the

hollow cavity of the tooth

Chemical digestion occurs in:qqq. Oral Cavityrrr. Esophagussss. Stomachttt. Pharynxuuu. 2 of the above

Mechanical digestion occurs in the:






vvv. Stomachwww. Cecumxxx. Pharynxyyy. Esophaguszzz. 2 of the above

Which of the following is NOT true of saliva?aaaa. It cleanses the mouthbbbb. It typically contains IgE antibodiescccc. It moistens food and aids in the compaction of the

bolusdddd. It dissolves food chemicals

The sheets of peritoneal membrane that holds the digestive tract in place are called ___________________.

The entry of bile into the duodenum is controlled by the:eeee. Liver sinusoidsffff. Common pancreatic ductgggg. Pyloric sphincterhhhh. Cardiac sphincteriiii. None of the above

Paneth cells:jjjj. Are more common in the esophagus than in the

jejunumkkkk. Are essential for bile synthesisllll. Secrete antibacterial enzymesmmmm. Do not have nucleinnnn. None of the above

A baby is admitted into the hospital with a history of projectile vomiting after each feeding. On examination, it is found that the






pyloric sphincter is thickened and does not open readily. Because of the baby's loss of gastric juice, his blood probably indicates:

oooo. Acidosispppp. Leukocytosisqqqq. Alkalosisrrrr. An excessively low pHssss. Excessive proteinuria

True or False: The digestive function of the liver is to produce bile.

The fusion of the common bile duct and the pancreatic duct forms the ______________.

Increasing the surface area of its mucosal lining enhances the absoprtive effectiveness of the small intestine. Which of the

following accomplishes this task?tttt. Plicae circularesuuuu. Intestinal villivvvv. Microvilliwwww. All of the abovexxxx. 2 of the above

True or False: The number of mucosal cells bearing microvilli increases as you proceed from the cecum to the sigmoid colon.

Which of the following gastric cell types synthesizes and releases gastin, histamine, cholecystokinin, and serotonin?

yyyy. Enteroendocrine cellszzzz. Parietal cellsaaaaa. Zymogenic cellsbbbbb. Paneth cellsccccc. Mucous neck cells






A major function of the large intestine is to:ddddd. Secrete digestive enzymeseeeee. Remove waste materialsfffff. Regulate the release of bileggggg. Secrete water in order to regulate blood volume

Its muscular wall contracts in response to cholecystokinin.

It secretes an alkaline fluid in response to cholecystokinin.

It is the largest gland in the body.

It is associated with vitamin K production.

Part of the digestive tract whose cells have a brush border.

Which of the following is NOT true of the appendix?hhhhh. Bacteria have a tendency to accumulate within it.iiiii. It typically contains lymphocytesjjjjj. It typically contains MALTkkkkk. It typically contains almost no capillaries

What distinguishes the rectum from the colon?lllll. The lack of microvillimmmmm. The lack of teniae colinnnnn. The lack of villiooooo. All of the aboveppppp. 2 of the above









The sphincter between the stomach and the duodenum is the __________.

Before blood carrying the products of protein digestion reaches the heart, it must first pass through capillary networks in the ___________.

Cancer chemotherapy will ___________ the rate of renewal of the intestinal lining.

Paneth cells are responsible for the production of which of the following?

qqqqq. Gastrinrrrrr. Secretinsssss. Lysozymettttt. Amylaseuuuuu. Lipase

Which of the following is not produced by an enteroendocrine cell?vvvvv. Pepsinwwwww. Cholecystokininxxxxx. Gastrinyyyyy. Secretinzzzzz. 2 of the above

Which of the following would not be seen in a section of the soft palate?

aaaaaa.A stratified epitheliumbbbbbb. Blood vesselscccccc. Bonedddddd. Muscleeeeeee.2 of the above







Which of the following does not produce digestive enzymes?ffffff. Pancreasgggggg. Small Intestinehhhhhh. Salivary glandsiiiiii. Stomachjjjjjj. Liver

Which of the following cell types is NOT present in the stomach?kkkkkk.Mucous neck cellsllllll. Chief cellsmmmmmm. Parietal cellsnnnnnn. Epithelial cellsoooooo. Alpha cells

Which of the following is NOT produced by the exocrine pancreas?pppppp. Amylaseqqqqqq. Carboxypeptidaserrrrrr. Trypsinogenssssss. Pepsinogentttttt. Chymotrypsinogen

Which of the following is the central component of the classical liver lobule?

uuuuuu. Bile canaliculusvvvvvv. Hepatic arterywwwwww. Central veinxxxxxx. Portal veinyyyyyy. Portal space

Which of the following statements concerning the classical liver lobule is true?

zzzzzz. Portal triads are at the center of the lobule






aaaaaaa. Blood flows from the center to the periphery of this lobule

bbbbbbb. Bile flows from the center to the periphery of this lobule

ccccccc. All of the aboveddddddd. 2 of the above

Intrinsic factor is produced by which of the following cells?eeeeeee. Chief cellsfffffff. Paneth cellsggggggg. Enteroendocrine cellshhhhhhh. Parietal cellsiiiiiii. Mucous neck cells

Which of the following is a major product of serous salivary gland secretion?

jjjjjjj. Pepsinogenkkkkkkk. Carboxypeptidaselllllll. Trypsinmmmmmmm. Nucleasennnnnnn. Lysozyme

Which of the following induces contraction of gallbladder smooth muscle?

ooooooo. Secretinppppppp. Cholecystokininqqqqqqq. Serotoninrrrrrrr. Gastrinsssssss. Somatostatin

Which of the following is not a component of gastric juice?ttttttt. Hydrochloric aciduuuuuuu. Mucusvvvvvvv. Pepsinwwwwwww. Amylase





xxxxxxx. Water

Which of the following is true of the liver?yyyyyyy. Hepatocytes synthesize many of the blood

proteins such as albumin and antibodieszzzzzzz.Hepatocytes synthesize 80% of the bile in the body

with the other 20% coming from the pancreasaaaaaaaa. The liver receives more nutrient-rich blood

than oxygen-rich bloodbbbbbbbb. The liver is the 2nd largest gland in the body

Pepsinogen is synthesized and released by which of the following?cccccccc. Parietal cellsdddddddd. Enteroendrocrine cellseeeeeeee. Paneth cellsffffffff. Chief cellsgggggggg. Pancreatic acinar cells

Which of the following pairs of hormones are mainly involved in controlling pancreatic exocrine secretions?

hhhhhhhh. Insulin and glucagoniiiiiiii. Cholecystokinin and secretinjjjjjjjj. Somatostatin and gastrinkkkkkkkk. Motilin and serotoninllllllll. Glucagon and somatostatin

Which of the following organs does not have both endocrine and exocrine function?

mmmmmmmm. Stomachnnnnnnnn. Small Intestineoooooooo. Gallbladderpppppppp. Liverqqqqqqqq. Pancreas





Which of the following cell types would not be found in lamina propria of a villus?

rrrrrrrr. Endothelial cellssssssss. Smooth muscle celltttttttt. Lymphocyteuuuuuuuu. Plasma cellvvvvvvvv. Goblet cell

The function of the hepatic portal circulation is to:wwwwwwww. Carry toxins to the venous system for

disposal thru the urinary tractxxxxxxxx. Collect absorbed nutrients for metabolic

processing or storageyyyyyyyy. Hormone distributionzzzzzzzz. Transfer bile to the liver from the pancreas

Which of the following is true?aaaaaaaaa. There are 27 primary teeth, none of which are

molarsbbbbbbbbb. There are 24 primary teeth and no new primary

teeth appear after 13 monthsccccccccc. There are 20 primary teeth and most children

have all of them by 24 months of ageddddddddd. There are 32 primary teeth

Peristaltic waves are:eeeeeeeee. Segmental regions of the GI tractfffffffff. Churning movements of the GI tractggggggggg. Pendular movements of the GI tracthhhhhhhhh. Waves of muscular contractions that propel

contents from one point to anotheriiiiiiiii. Circular contractions of the GI tract muscularis

mucosae





If you eat a meal of french fries, buttered toast, ice cream, and whole milk, which of the following glands would secrete the most

enzymes that would be involved in digesting all this food?jjjjjjjjj. Liverkkkkkkkkk. Exocrine pancreaslllllllll. Endocrine pancreasmmmmmmmmm. Ileumnnnnnnnnn. Buccal Glands

Which of the following is true of the small intestine?ooooooooo. Site of carbohydrate and protein but NOT fat

digestionppppppppp. Site of the majority of water absorption in the

GI tractqqqqqqqqq. First site of protein hydrolysisrrrrrrrrr. All of the abovesssssssss. None of the above

If you compared the blood entering the liver and the blood leaving the liver, you find that:

ttttttttt. Blood leaving the liver has more glucoseuuuuuuuuu. Blood leaving the liver contains more oxygenvvvvvvvvv. Blood leaving the liver contains fewer amino

acidswwwwwwwww. Blood leaving the liver contains more

toxins and less carbon dioxide

Chemical digestion reduces large molecules to simpler compounds by the process of:

xxxxxxxxx. Masticationyyyyyyyyy. Dehydration synthesiszzzzzzzzz. Metabolismaaaaaaaaaa. Anabolismbbbbbbbbbb. Catabolism





Which of the following is NOT characteristic of the colon?cccccccccc. Lacks villidddddddddd. Contains teniae colieeeeeeeeee. Longer than the small intestineffffffffff.Contains a submucosagggggggggg. Contains fat filled appendages of

unknown function

Digestive processes in the large intestine include:hhhhhhhhhh. Mass peristalsisiiiiiiiiii. Absorption of some vitamins and electrolytesjjjjjjjjjj. Elimination of cellulose-based materialkkkkkkkkkk. All of the abovellllllllll. 2 of the above

protein molecule will be hydrolyzed by enzymes secreted from the:mmmmmmmmmm. Mouth, stomach, small intesine, livernnnnnnnnnn. Stomach, pancreas, small intestineoooooooooo. Stomach, small intestine, liverpppppppppp. Mouth, pancreas, colon

Carbohydrates are acted on by:qqqqqqqqqq. Trypsin, chymotrypsin, and enterokinaserrrrrrrrrr. Amylase, maltase, and sucrasessssssssss. Lipasetttttttttt. Hexokinase, pepsin, and amylase

Select the correct enzyme-substrate combination.uuuuuuuuuu. Amylase - starchvvvvvvvvvv. Chymotrypsin - fatwwwwwwwwww. Nuclease - nucleixxxxxxxxxx. Lipase - disaccharides






yyyyyyyyyy. 2 of the above are correct

Which of the following is true of electrolyte absorption?zzzzzzzzzz. Sodium ion absorption is coupled to glucose

and amino acid uptakeaaaaaaaaaaa. Potassium can diffuse through the

intestinal epitheliumbbbbbbbbbbb. Vitamin D is necessary for calcium

absorptionccccccccccc. All of the above

The bonelike material that underlies the enamel cap and forms the bulk of the tooth is the _____________________.

Chief cells in children secrete an enzyme that curdles milk. That enzyme is:

ddddddddddd. Chymotrypsineeeeeeeeeee. Pepsinogenfffffffffff. Pepsinggggggggggg. Lactinhhhhhhhhhhh. Rennin

The chief bile pigment is _________________.

Contributors of enzymes to the digestive tract lumen include all of the following EXCEPT:

iiiiiiiiiii. Parotid glandsjjjjjjjjjjj. Stomachkkkkkkkkkkk. Liverlllllllllll. Pancreasmmmmmmmmmmm. Small Intestine






Each of the following statements about Brunner's glands is correct EXCEPT:

nnnnnnnnnnn. They are a characteristic component of the duodenal wall

ooooooooooo. They produce a serous secretion rich in digestive enzymes

ppppppppppp. They lie in the submucosal layerqqqqqqqqqqq. They empty their secretions into the

crypts of Lieberkuhn

The wall of the stomach:rrrrrrrrrrr. Is covered on its outer surface by simple

squamous epitheliumsssssssssss. Is thrown into temporary folds called rugae

when the stomach is emptyttttttttttt. Is covered on its inner surface by a simple

columnar epitheliumuuuuuuuuuuu. Has 3 layers of smooth muscle in its

muscularis externavvvvvvvvvvv. All of the above

Saliva contains:wwwwwwwwwww. Amylasexxxxxxxxxxx.Mucusyyyyyyyyyyy. Immunoglobulinszzzzzzzzzzz. Lysozymeaaaaaaaaaaaa. All of the abovebbbbbbbbbbbb. Only a and b

Within the connective tissue of a portal triad, one might find a:cccccccccccc.Branch of the hepatic arterydddddddddddd. Bile ducteeeeeeeeeeee. Branch of the hepatic portal veinffffffffffff. Lymphatic vesselgggggggggggg. All of the above





Both exocrine and endocrine functions are performed by the:hhhhhhhhhhhh. Pancreasiiiiiiiiiiii.Liverjjjjjjjjjjjj.Crypts of Lieberkuhnkkkkkkkkkkkk. Gastric glandsllllllllllll.All of the above

FOR THE NEXT 6 QUESTIONS, use the following 4 choices.Each may be used once, more than once, or not at all.

mmmmmmmmmmmm. Hepatic portal veinnnnnnnnnnnnn. Hepatic arteryoooooooooooo. Both a and bpppppppppppp. Neither a nor b

67. Contain(s) blood richest in nutrients

Contain(s) blood richest in oxygen

Contain(s) blood richest in the breakdown products of red blood cell destruction

Drain(s) into hepatic sinusoids

Receive(s) blood from the central veins

Contribute(s) majority of liver blood volume

As a sympathetic antagonist is injected iv, intestinal motility and secretion will __________________.









As plasma [secretin] increases, stomach acid secretion will ____________.

As plasma [CCK] increases, gastric motility will __________________.

As plasma [gastrin] decreases, parietal cell secretion will _________________.

As plasma [somatostatin] increases, stomach [pepsinogen] will ___________.

As plasma [CCK] decreases, bile secretion ________________.

What brain center controls deglutition?

What type of contraction propels food thru the esophagus?

How does atrophy of the gastric mucosa cause pernicious anemia?

How would removal of the terminal ileum cause pernicious anemia?

Most of the water you drink is absorbed in the:a. Colonb. Jejunumc. Stomachd. Kidney











What organ produces the enzyme trypsin?e. Gallbladderf. Liverg. Pancreash. Spleen

In which test tube would protein digestion occur at the highest rate?

i. Tube containing pepsinogen and salivary amylasej. Tube containing pepsinogenk. Tube containing HCll. Tube containing HCl and intestinal amylasem.Tube containing HCl and pepsinogen

173) Which gastrointestinal layer is characterized by having tough, fibrous connective tissue?

A)

mucosa

B)

submucosa

C)

muscle

D)

serosa

174) Which intestinal layer accounts for the action of the peristaltic waves?

A)

serosa

B)

muscularis

C)

submucosa

D)

mucous






175) The alimentary tube is around _____ meters long.A)

2

B)

4

C)

6

D)

9

176) The _____ nervous system division usually stimulates and promotes digestion.

A)

somatic

B)

sympathetic

C)

central

D)

parasympathetic

177) The processes of chewing are referred to as _____.A)

churning

B)

mastication

C)

peristalsis

D)

deglutition

178) The frenulum is the membrane attached to the inferior surface of the _____.

A)

tongue

B)

stomach

C)

lips

D live




) r

179) The following are true of the tongue except which one?A)

contains skeletal muscle

B)

attaches to hyoid bone

C)

attaches to temporal bone

D)

contains papillae

180) The following areas contain tonsils except which one?A)

around the frenulum

B)

oropharynx

C)

nasopharynx

D)

root of tongue

181) Which lymphatic areas are most commonly the site of inflammation?

A)

Peyer's patches

B)

palatine tonsils

C)

lingual tonsils

D)

adenoids

182) How many teeth will be produced in an average lifetime?A)

20

B)

32

C)

30





D)

52

183) The term wisdom tooth refers to the _____ tooth.A)

incisor

B)

third molar

C)

second bicuspid

D)

first cuspid

184) The portion of a tooth which lies within the mandible socket is called the _____.

A)

dentin

B)

crown

C)

root

D)

cementum

185) Which part of a tooth most closely resembles bone tissue?A)

enamel

B)

cementum

C)

dentin

D)

Gingiva

186) Which muscles constrict to prevent air from entering the esophagus during breathing?

A)

superior constrictor

B)

middle constrictor





C)

inferior constrictor

D)

esophageal

187) A hiatal hernia is a weakness in the _____ muscle, which allows a portion of the digestive tract to enter the thoracic cavity.

A)

diaphragm

B)

stomach

C)

intestinal

D)

thoracic wall

188) The _____ part of the stomach is the area that is connected to the esophagus.

A)

cardiac

B)

pyloric

C)

Fundus

D)

body

189) The _____ prevents food from entering the small intestine.A)

cardiac sphincter

B)

pyloric valve

C)

ileo-colic valve

D)

sphincter of Oddi

190) Gastric enzymes are secreted by the _____ cells.A)

chief





B)

goblet

C)

parietal

D)

oxyntic

191) Proteins are digested or broken down by the _____ in the stomach.

A)

pepsinogen

B)

pepsin

C)

hydrochloric acid

D)

lipase

192) Parasympathetic stomach impulses cause all of the following except which one?

A)

secretion of somatostatin

B)

inhibition of somatostatin

C)

secretion of gastrin

D)

promotes histamine

193) Gastrin secretion will stop when the stomach pH reaches _____.A)

7.0

B)

4.5

C)

1.5

D)

3.0

194) The alkaline tide occurs when _____ is/are secreted into the





blood.A)

HCl

B)

H+

C)

bicarbonate ions

D)

phosphate ions

195) What is the stimulus for cholecystokinin release?A)

chyme

B)

lipids

C)

protein

D)

gastrin

196) What blocks pancreatic secretions from entering the duodenum?

A)

pyloric valve

B)

sphincter of Oddi

C)

the common bile duct

D)

cholecystokinin secretion

197) Which of the following triggers the formation of the others?A)

trypsin

B)

enterokinase

C)

carboxypeptidase

D)

chymotrypsin





198) Pancreatitis is mainly the result of _____ activity.A)

bile

B)

bacterial

C)

carboxypeptidase

D)

trypsin

199) Which of the following are not active in the duodenum?A)

nuclease

B)

enterokinase

C)

pepsin

D)

amylase

200) Secretin from the duodenum causes the pancreas to produce secretions rich in _____.

A)

proteolytic enzymes

B)

amylase

C)

lipase

D)

bicarbonate

201) Which of these is a hormone name?A)

trypsin

B)

ribonuclease

C)

cholecystokinin

D)

chymotrypsinogen




202) The hormone that causes the pancreas to secrete an enzyme rich fluid is _____.

A)

cholecystokinin

B)

secretin

C)

enterogastrone

D)

enterocrinin

203) Which organ has the most metabolically active cells?A)

pancreas

B)

liver

C)

stomach

D)

small intestine

204) Urea is synthesized by the liver following _____ metabolism.A)

carbohydrate

B)

protein

C)

lipid

D)

nucleic acid

205) Ferritin is a globular protein that transports and stores ______ in the liver and blood.

A)

glycogen

B)

lipids

C)

vitamin B12





D)

iron

206) Which of the following vitamins is not stored in the liver?A)

C

B)

D

C)

B12

D)

A

207) The liver stores ______ for energy.A)

nucleic acids

B)

glycogen

C)

glucose

D)

vitamins

208) Which of the following is not a function of the adult liver?A)

glycogen storage

B)

detoxification

C)

synthesis of clotting proteins

D)

erythropoiesis

210) The liver contains special blood channels termed _____.A)

sinusoids

B)

central vein

C hepatic





) cellsD)

portal veins

211) The falciform ligament separates the right from _____ lobe.A)

quadrate

B)

left

C)

caudate

D)

pancreatic

212) Which organ produces and secretes bile?A)

liver

B)

gallbladder

C)

pancreas

D)

duodenum

213) The Kupffer cells are phagocytic cells found in the _____.A)

gallbladder

B)

pancreas

C)

intestine

D)

liver

214) The buildup of bile pigment in tissues that can be caused by gallstones is _____.

A)

hyperbilirubinemia

B)

obstructive jaundice





C)

hepatitis

D)

hepatocellular jaundice

215) Which of the following are liver waste products?A)

bilirubin

B)

bile salts

C)

cholesterol

D)

electrolytes

216) The _____ duct directly receives the fluids from the gallbladder.A)

cystic

B)

common bile

C)

hepatic

D)

common hepatic

217) The common bile duct is formed by the merger of the hepatic and _____ ducts.

A)

common hepatic

B)

cystic

C)

pancreatic

D)

Santorini

218) The ampulla of Vater is the area that joins the common bile duct to the _____ duct.

A)

hepatic





B)

pancreatic

C)

cystic

D)

common hepatic

219) Gallbladder stones are medically referred to as a _____ condition.

A)

cholecystitis

B)

cholecystectomy

C)

cholelithiasis

D)

cholesterol calculi

220) Bile facilitates digestion by causing the _____ of fats.A)

hydrolysis

B)

digestion

C)

catalysis

D)

emulsification

221) Bile salts combine with fatty acids to form complexes called _____ that facilitate absorption.

A)

chylomicrons

B)

micelles

C)

globules

D)

lipoproteins

222) Which of these is a water soluble vitamin?





A)

D

B)

C

C)

E

D)

K

223) Which of the following acts to inhibit acid production?A)

secretin

B)

somatostatin

C)

cholecystokinin

D)

gastrin

224) Which area has the greatest amount of enzyme activity?A)

duodenum

B)

colon

C)

jejunum

D)

ileum

225) The shortest section of the intestines is the _____.A)

colon

B)

duodenum

C)

ileum

D)

jejunum

226) The membrane that hangs like an apron over the intestines is





the _____.A)

mesentery

B)

visceral peritoneum

C)

parietal peritoneum

D)

greater omentum

227) The finger-like extensions inside the small intestine are called _____ and increase the surface area.

A)

microvilli

B)

villi

C)

lacteals

D)

lumens

228) The _____ are vessels that project into the villi and absorb fatty substances.

A)

lacteals

B)

lymphatics

C)

veins

D)

arteries

229) The following belong together except which one?A)

small intestine

B)

large intestine

C)

plicae circulares

D)

crypts of Lieberkuhn




230) Which of these does not belong with the others?A)

lipase

B)

sucrase

C)

maltase

D)

lactase

231) Which is the only area that can digest a double sugar?A)

jejunum

B)

stomach

C)

duodenum

D)

pancreas

232) Amylase could be found in all of these areas except which one?A)

mouth

B)

stomach

C)

duodenum

D)

pancreas

233) Most of the absorption of nutrients occurs in the _____.A)

colon

B)

duodenum

C)

jejunum

D)

ileum





234) Fatty acids and glycerol are released when _____ are broken down by liver or muscle cells.

A)

micelles

B)

chylomicrons

C)

lacteals

D)

lipoproteins

235) Which of the following is not readily absorbed in the small intestine?

A)

Na+

B)

Cl-

C)

K+

D)

Mg2+

236) The ileocecal valve prevents chyme from entering the _____.A)

large intestine

B)

small intestine

C)

stomach

D)

duodenum

237) A peristaltic rush which results in a failure to absorb enough colon water results in _____.

A)

constipation

B)

diarrhea

C cram





) psD)

flatus

238) The _____________ layer of the alimentary canal contains loose connective tissue, glands, blood and lymphatic vessels, and nerves.

A)

mucosa

B)

submucosa

C)

muscular layer

D)

serosa

239) Activities of the digestive system are generally increased by _________________ nervous stimulation.

A)

sympathetic

B)

parasympathetic

C)

somatic

D)

autonomic

240) The purpose of the soft palate is to __________________.A)

house extra taste buds

B)

sense temperature of food before it is swallowed

C)

produce saliva and enzymatic secretions

D)

close off the nasal cavity during swallowing

241) Compared to the others listed below, which type of tooth is more likely to be involved in grinding food?

A)

incisor





B)

cuspid

C)

premolar

D)

molar

242) What mouth part helps to mix food with saliva, moves food toward the pharynx for swallowing, and houses taste receptor cells?

A)

lips

B)

palate

C)

tongue

D)

cheeks

243) Which salivary glands produce the most viscous saliva with lots of mucus?

A)

sublingual glands

B)

submandibular glands

C)

parotid glands

D)

serous cells

244) What initiates the swallowing reflex?A)

fear of choking on food

B)

the tongue rolling the bolus to the pharynx

C)

sensory receptors detecting the bolus in the pharynx

D)

secretion of saliva at the thought of food

245) The main part of the stomach is the _______________ of the





stomach.A)

cardiac region

B)

fundic region

C)

body

D)

pyloric region

246) Intrinsic factor is secreted by which cells of the gastric glands?A)

mucous cells

B)

chief cells

C)

peptic cells

D)

parietal cells

247) During which stage of gastric secretion do gastric glands actually begin secreting gastric juice?

A)

cephalic phase

B)

gastric phase

C)

intestinal phase

D)

enterogastric reflex

248) The pancreas secretes enzymes that enter the small intestine and chemically digest chyme. Choose the enzyme(s) that break(s) down fats.

A)

carboxypeptidase

B)

pancreatic lipase

C)

trypsinogen

D pancreatic




) amylase

249) What hormone does the small intestine release in response to acidic chyme?

A)

cholecystokinin

B)

secretin

C)

digestin

D)

gastrin

250) What is the primary purpose of the liver in aiding digestion?A)

produces digestive enzymes

B)

produces alkaline solution to neutralize stomach acidity

C)

produces bile to emulsify fats in the small intestine

D)

produces substances that aid the large intestine in water absorption

251) How are the components of fats absorbed in the small intestine?

A)

Specific receptor proteins carry fatty acids across the intestinal wall and into the bloodstream.

B)

Fatty acids are transported by active transport to the bloodstream.

C)

Components of lipids diffuse through small intestinal cell membranes, are reconstructed in the cells, then carried off by lacteals as chylomicrons.

D)

Components of lipids diffuse through small intestinal cell membranes and into the bloodstream where they are carried to the liver for processing.

252) What is the primary function of the large intestine?A)

to complete the absorption of most nutrients

B to house gas-producing



c


) bacteriaC)

to rid the body of toxins

D)

to compact, store, and eliminate feces

253) Where does the greatest amount of digestion occur?A)

small intestine

B)

stomach

C)

large intestine

D)

liver

254) Which term does not belong with the others?A)

teeth

B)

mastication

C)

esophagus

D)

tongue

255) Which gland is closest to the joint between the mandible and temporal bone?

A)

sublingual

B)

pancreas

C)

submaxillary

D)

parotid

256) The portion of a tooth below the gums is the _____.A)

dentin





B)

crown

C)

root

D)

pulp

257) The enzyme salivary amylase begins to digest which molecules?

A)

proteins

B)

carbohydrates

C)

lipids

D)

nucleic acids

258) Where are the palatine tonsils located?A)

larynx

B)

pharynx

C)

trachea

D)

esophagus

259) The surface area of the stomach is enhanced by the presence of folds called _____.

A)

rugae

B)

villi

C)

microvilli

D)

plicae

260) Where would the least amount of bacteria be found?





A)

small intestine

B)

colon

C)

stomach

D)

pharynx

261) What normally holds the intestines in position within the abdominal cavity?

A)

mesentery

B)

gravity

C)

adipose

D)

stomach muscles

262) The pancreatic duct connects to what part of the digestive tube?

A)

jejunum

B)

liver

C)

ileum

D)

duodenum

263) Which of these does not directly promote the hydrolysis of food?

A)

villi

B)

microvilli

C)

submucosa

D)

mucosa




264) The outer layer of the intestines is the ____A)

mucosa

B)

serosa

C)

submucosa

D)

muscularis

265) Where are the lacteals located?A)

liver

B)

pancreas

C)

small intestine

D)

large intestine

266) The appendix is attached to which of the following structures?A)

transverse colon

B)

descending colon

C)

ascending colon

D)

cecum

267) Which of these vitamins is formed by bacteria in the colon?A)

C

B)

D

C)

B6

D)

K





268) The area called the vermiform appendix apparently serves no digestive function in humans.

A)

True

B)

False

269) The descending colon usually lies on the left abdominal wall area.

A)

True

B)

False

270) The external anal sphincter is under voluntary control.A)

True

B)

False

271) The Valsalva maneuver or defecation reflex, can aid defecation but could potentiate a heart attack.

A)

True

B)

False

272) The visceral peritoneum is a fibrous membrane, which wraps around the outer layer of the intestines.

A)

True

B)

False







273) The mucous cells of the salivary glands secrete amylase which facilitates digestion of starches.

A)

True

B)

False

274) Stensen's duct conveys saliva from the submandibular gland into the oral cavity.

A)

True

B)

False

275) During swallowing, the soft palate is moved upward and the epiglottis is tilted downward.

A)

True

B)

False

276) Gastric intrinsic factor is essential for the absorption of vitamin B12.

A)

True

B)

False

277) Emetics cause the vomiting center in the hypothalamus to propel food by contracting stomach muscles.

A)

True

B)

False

278) The enterogastric reflex normally inhibits the further contraction of the stomach as the duodenum fills.

A Tru






) eB)

False

279) Cystic fibrosis is an inherited disease that affects digestion as well as respiration.

A)

True

B)

False

280) The portal veins drain blood from the liver and convey it to the inferior vena cava.

A)

True

B)

False

281) The liver has the ability to convert carbohydrates into amino acids.

A)

True

B)

False

282) Hepatitis can be caused by viruses such as hepatitis A which can be transmitted by contaminated food.

A)

True

B)

False

283) Hepatitis is an infection of the liver most commonly caused by hepatitis A viruses.

A)

True

B)

False






284) Hemolytic jaundice is a disease involving an excess production of erythrocytes.

A)

True

B)

False

285) Without a gallbladder, a person will develop vitamin and lipid deficiencies because of the lack of bile.

A)

True

B)

False

286) In the condition of lactose intolerance, the person develops problems because of the rapid digestion of lactose.

A)

True

B)

False

287) Chylomicrons are lipoprotein aggregates that are absorbed into the intestinal villi.

A)

True

B)

False

288) The digestive system functions to provide cells with proper amounts of proteins, carbohydrate or fats.

A)

True

B)

False

289) The so-called wisdom teeth are actually the four last molars.







A)

True

B)

False

290) The pyloric sphincter acts to prevent food from leaving the small intestine.

A)

True

B)

False



AP study questions

Documents

ans wer matching

ans wer multiple choice

vitamin d

pancreatic cells

vitamin c

vitamin e

hepatic veins hepatic

chief cells