AP American Presidents Exam

American History Students Review—Based upon Presidential Administrations-John A. Braithwaite-2006

Review Exam for Students byPresidential Administrations.

Comments and Directions: This type of review is interesting but excludes a major part of the early and formative period in American History. Naturally, the colonial era is included on the AP Exam and so a review of that 170 year period (1620-1790) needs to take place by the students in addition to this review. One might call this period of review, “The Constitutional Era of Review” since it dates from the implementation of the American Constitution.

George Washington:

1. Everything President Washington did set a precedent for later American Presidents. Which area of presidential precedent have historians determined to be his most significant precedent?A) Providing for civilian control of the militaryB) Nominations to the Supreme CourtC) Exert effective control over organization of CongressD) Establishment of the presidential cabinet **E) Establish the existence and function of political parties

2. Which of the following presidential advisers to Washington is mis-matched with the function he performed in the Washington Administration?A) Thomas Jefferson as Secretary of State?B) Alexander Hamilton as Treasury SecretaryC) Henry Knox as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court **D) Benjamin Franklin as Postmaster GeneralE) John Adams as Vice President

3. What major crop would radically affect the economy of the nation forever after it was introduced during the Washington Administration in 1792?A) SoybeansB) WheatC) SugarD) TobaccoE) Cotton **

4. Alexander Hamilton became the financial wizard of the Washington Administration by recommending several economic moves. Among these was a bill of assumption to be paid by 8% tariff and…A) Raising the prices on western land salesB) Excise tax on whiskey production **C) Income tax on the very wealthyD) Head tax on slaves sold at auctionE) Selling surplus military equipment from the Revolution

5. In Washington’s “Farewell Address to the Nation” he pointedly warned against the…A) Establishment of permanent alliances with foreign nations. **B) Evils of society which provided for permanent slaveryC) Right to vote for women and women and minoritiesD) Evils of revolutionE) Establishment of sectionalism over national unity.

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American History Students Review—Based upon Presidential Administrations-John A. Braithwaite-2006John Adams:

6. John Adams played a major role in ALL OF THE FOLLOWING EVENTS EXCEPT:A) Delegate to the Declaration of IndependenceB) Serving as cabinet member to George Washington **C) Leader of the Constitutional ConventionD) Vice President of the U.S.E) Signed the Alien & Seditions Acts into law during his administration

7. Which of the following treaties was the one in which the resolution of the Revolution of 1800 was made under the leadership of John Adams? A) Treaty of JoinvilleB) Treaty of BoudreauxC) Treaty of ReimsD) Treaty of Mortefontaine **E) Treaty of Paris 1803

8. John Adams held a firm, consistent, and almost blind proclivity for which of the following nations of Europe?A) Great Britain **B) SpainC) FranceD) ItalyE) Germany

9. Which of the following exclamations did John Adams give voice when he heard about the XYZ Affair?A) “We will not be held with hoops of steel to the anarchy of the French!”B) “These are times that try men’s souls!”C) “Caesar had his Brutus, and Napoleon may have his Robespierre!”D) “I regret that I have but one life to give for my country!”E) “We will spend millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute!” **

10. The two issues that faced John Adams during his Presidential Administration were the Alien & Sedition Acts and…A) French RevolutionB) Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions **C) Assassination of Alexander HamiltonD) Establishment of the Whiskey TaxE) The Embargo Act

Thomas Jefferson:

11. Thomas Jefferson’s vision of the good society included ALL OF THE FOLLOWING EXECPT:A) An agrarian societyB) A citizenry of virtuous independent farmersC) A national government with limited powersD) An economy that relied on the national government to provide subsidies **E) A society based upon education, agriculture, and politics.

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American History Students Review—Based upon Presidential Administrations-John A. Braithwaite-200612. The issue upon which Jefferson changed his view of strict construction of the Constitution

was:A) The Lewis and Clark Expedition and Louisiana Purchase **B) The issues involving slavery in 1808C) The conflicts of opinions he had with Chief Justice John MarshallD) The destruction of the national bank by Albert GallatinE) The writing of the Declaration of Independence

13. According to Thomas Jefferson, which of the following was most vital to the security of the United States in 1803?A) CubaB) Nova ScotiaC) New Orleans **D) FloridaE) Columbia River

14. In his first inaugural address Jefferson was pledged to the task ofA) Strengthening the militaryB) Jailing all subversives of the government of the U.S.C) Repudiating the debt of the United States **D) Reconciling political differences with the FederalistsE) Sponsoring the Lewis and Clark Expedition

15. The unforeseen relocation of power within the Federal Government came as the result of…A) Fletcher vs PeckB) Cherokee Nation vs GeorgiaC) Dartmouth College vs WoodwardD) Gibbons vs OgdenE) Marbury vs Madison **

James Madison:

16. In which of the following events does James Madison, NOT play a major and determinative role?A) Participant in the Presidents cabinetB) A Justice of the Supreme Court **C) Architect of the Constitution of 1787D) A major leader of Congress until the Revolution of 1800E) An author of the Federalist Papers

17. A rising new young and dynamic group of men elected to Congress while Madison was the President included ALL EXCEPT:A) Daniel WebsterB) Henry ClayC) Andrew Jackson **D) John C. CalhounE) Felix Grundy

18, which of the following was NOT a unique long range cause of the War of 1812?3

American History Students Review—Based upon Presidential Administrations-John A. Braithwaite-2006A) Rise of slaveryB) ImperialismC) Indian relations on the frontierD) ImpressmentE) Anti-Spanish ethnicity **

19. What diplomatic conference ended the War of 1812 and thus achieved American nationalism from Britain, once and for all.A) Treaty of JoinvilleB) Treaty of Ghent **C) Treaty of San IdelfonsoD) Treaty of Paris 1815E) Treaty of Chapultepec

20. Which of the following events expressed dissatisfaction with the War of 1812, and can be called the first American anti-war movement?A) Treaty of GreenvilleB) Treaty of Paris – 1815C) Hartford Convention **D) Seneca Falls ConventionE) Port Huron Statement

James Monroe:

21. Which of the following events or developments happen while James Monroe was President, but, which he had very little to with their development? Which is the lone EXCEPTION to this assertion?A) McCulloch vs MarylandB) Development of the American SystemC) Missouri CompromiseD) Dartmouth College vs WoodwardE) Recognition of Latin American Independence movements **

22. The Monroe Doctrine was issued in response toA) the threat of war with EnglandB) the threat of war with AustriaC) the purchase of FloridaD) the invention of the cotton ginE) the threat of the Quadruple Alliance to reestablish Spanish Power in the Americas **

23. The Monroe Doctrine, which has been the foundation of American foreign policy, was brilliant bold step taken by which of the following secretaries of state?A) Thomas JeffersonB) James MadisonC) James MonroeD) John Quincy Adams **E) Henry Clay

24. The Monroe Administration was called “The Era of Good Feelings” because ofA) The absence of sectionalism

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American History Students Review—Based upon Presidential Administrations-John A. Braithwaite-2006B) The dominance of one major party **C) The absence of political strifeD) The lack of important national issuesE) The disappearance of slavery on the national scene

25. Thomas Jefferson, commenting on the Missouri Compromise under James Monroe called it:A) The compromise to save the unionB) A compact with the devilC) A fire-bell in the night **D) Abolitionist propagandaE) An end to slave rebellions

John Quincy Adams:

26. John Quincy Adams had the distinction of being ALL of the following EXCEPT:A) The second one term PresidentB) The son of a former PresidentC) The first post—Revolutionary PresidentD) The first President to serve without an outright election of the people or House of

RepresentativesE) The first pro-western politician on the national scene **

27. Which of the following is true of the John Q. Adams Administration?A) Adams cabinet was one of the most able and harmonious on recordB) The nationalistic goals were to provide—education, industrialization, &

transportationC) Adams was able to win over with personality that he could not control politicallyD) Except of the “Corrupt Bargain” the Adams Administration was absent of strifeE) Adams refused to use the spoils systems and dismiss public workers to fill their jobs

with political supporters. **

28. It has been claimed that John Q. Adams:A) did his finest work for the American before and after he was President **B) was a week spineless politician prone to making political deals for the federalists.C) fired John Marshall from the Supreme Court & appointed Roger Taney.D) nationalist more than he was an internationalist.E) political conformist rather than a creative and idealistic diplomat.

29. Which of the following historical issues did NOT occur under John Q. Adams?A) Canal building begins spurred into reality by Henry ClayB) South Carolina Exposition & Protest was written by CalhounC) Cherokee Nation vs Georgia was rendered under John MarshallD) James Fennimore Cooper’s Last of the Mohicans was publishedE) Joseph Smith establishes the Mormon religion in Kirtland, Ohio **

30. John Quincy Adams was President who dealt with revolutions of ALL but which of the following?

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American History Students Review—Based upon Presidential Administrations-John A. Braithwaite-2006A) transportation revolutionB) gender revolutionary issues **C) social & religious revolutionsD) diplomatic revolutionsE) market revolution

Andrew Jackson

31. Jackson was the forerunner of which late nineteenth century movement?A) Social DarwinismB) ImperialismC) Populism **D) IndustrialismE) Pragmatism

32. During the Age of Jackson, democracy was characterized by which of the following changes?

A) Politicians emphasized a high education or strong qualification for the job and boasted of their upper class status or wealth.

B) The percentage of eligible voters casting ballots increased with each election as massmass politics became a popular activity. **

C) Parties relied primarily upon mass communication tools, especially the newspaper and pamphlets.

D) Party bosses tried to clean up their acts; ridding the party of corruption, kickbacks, and the spoils system.

E) Political deals, congressional caucuses, behind the scenes manipulation were common during this era.

33. Which was the major item of debate in the election of 1828 which saw the ascension of Andrew Jackson to the Presidency?A) Interventionist European foreign policyB) TariffsC) Personalities of the candidates **D) Western land sales and pricesE) Manufacturing

34. The Tariff of 1828 provoked publication of a pamphlet called The South Carolina Exposition & Protest. This pamphlet offered what solution to the tariff dilemma?A) SecessionB) Nullification **C) Virtual representationD) Loose construction interpretation of the ConstitutionE) Doctrine of implied powers

35. Considering the issue of government and economics, Andrew Jackson was a(n)…A) soft money advocateB) defender of the national debtC) proponent of high tariffsD) hard money advocate **E) advocate of a graduated income tax

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American History Students Review—Based upon Presidential Administrations-John A. Braithwaite-2006Martin Van Buren:

36. What democratic political bureaucrat was the leader of the New York “Buck Tails?”A) John C. CalhounB) Theodore RooseveltC) Martin Van Buren **D) Thurlow WeedE) Gouverner Morris

37. The newly formed legislative caucus in New York led by Martin Van Buren was known as:A) DemocratsB) FederalistsC) LoyalistsD) CopperheadsE) regency **

38. The consensus “great” Whig leader of the Van Buren era was?A) Henry Clay **B) John Quincy AdamsC) Daniel WebsterD) James K. PolkE) Ralph Waldo Emerson

39. Which of the following events DID NOT TRANSPIRE UNDER Martin Van Buren?A) Invention of the steel plow by John DeereB) Massachusetts establishes state board of educationC) Whig Party organized **D) Mormon migration to IllinoisE) Independent Treasury Act was passed into law by Congress

40. Which of the following events was considered by many to be Van Buren’s major economic achievement?A) Gold Rush to CaliforniaB) Mormon migration to UtahC) Samuel F.B. Morse invents the telegraphD) Large scale development of railroads **E) Steam power manufacturing begins

William Henry Harrison:/John Tyler

41. The distinguishing factors about William Henry Harrison as the President of the US were ALL EXCEPT:A) He was a military hero//and a Congressional delegate from OhioB) He was the oldest man to become President//lived the shortest time in office **C) He was known as “Old Hickory//and Billy Budd **D) He was a Whig from Ohio//Governor of Indiana TerritoryE) He inaugural address was the longest on record//Director of US Bank

James K. Polk:

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American History Students Review—Based upon Presidential Administrations-John A. Braithwaite-200642. The primary advocate of “Manifest Destiny” as the public policy of the United States

Government was:A) Andrew JacksonB) James K. Polk **C) John L. O’SullivanD) Henry ClayE) Thomas Hart Benton

43. James K. Polk, sent John Slidell to Mexico to:A) purchase TexasB) secure recognition of the Texas annexationC) purchase California **D) end the Mexican WarE) negotiate the purchase of the Oregon Territory

44. The Oregon Treaty of 1846A) established a boundary on the Columbia RiverB) was on the whole a British victoryC) was a colossal Russian defeatD) fulfilled Polk’s campaign slogans and promisesE) was a reasonable compromise **

45. Which of the following movements did not occur in the 1844-1848 period of US History?A) Gag RuleB) Split of the Baptist Church into Northern and Southern ChurchesC) Publication of The Essay on Civil DisobedienceD) Hawthorne writes The Scarlet Letter **E) George Morton discovers ether as anesthesia

Franklin Pierce:

46. The cotton gin is to the South as ____ is to ____A) commerce ::New YorkB) railroad :: West **C) fishing :: AlaskaD) lumbering :: NortheastE) cattle raising :: Wyoming

47. Mormons are to Utah as ____ is to ____A) Baptists :: FloridaB) Catholics :: California **C) Quakers :: OregonD) Utopian Socialists :: Old Northwest E) Lutherans :: Mississippi Valley

48. The aggressive administration of President Franklin Pierce sought to…A) engage Spain and England in a war over MexicoB) force Japan open to trade

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American History Students Review—Based upon Presidential Administrations-John A. Braithwaite-2006C) dig a Nicaraguan canalD) annex CanadaE) acquire Cuba **

49. The election of 1852 was genuinely significant in US History because:A) It set back the Democratic PartyB) It highlighted the achievements of the WhigsC) It doomed the Whig Party in national political culture of the future **D) It spawned a compromise over slavery that avoided civil warE) It gave birth to the Republican Party

50. Men who became giants and forerunners of the Civil War era included ALL EXCEPT:A) Abraham LincolnB) Stephen A. DouglassC) William H. SewardD) Henry Clay **E) William Lloyd Garrison

James Buchanan:

51. The election of 1856 is significant for a variety of reasons. Which of the following is NOT an 1856 issue?A) This election brought forth the advent of the long awaited sectional party—the

Republicans.B) Buchanan failed to take strong measures against secession.C) Brooks attacked Sumner in one of the most appalling scenes of modern democracyD) The waning of the American Party became a political realityE) The rendering of the Dred Scott case occurred **

52. James Buchanan openly sided with:A) advocates of Manifest DestinyB) provisions of the Kansas-Nebraska ActC) southerners who were pro-slavery in Kansas over the Le Compton Constitution **D) anti-slavery prosecutors of the Dred Scott caseE) anti-immigration advocates of European immigration

53. The period 1856-1860 included ALL OF THE historical crises EXCEPT:A) Dred Scott vs SanfordB) Lincoln vs Douglas DebatesC) Panic of 1857D) Buchanan accepted skillful aid of Thurlow Weed **E) Sent Col. Albert Sidney Johnson against the Mormons in Utah

54. Senator William H. Seward, labeled the national political crisis a(n)…A) blundering generationB) irrepressible conflict **C) victory for republicanism

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American History Students Review—Based upon Presidential Administrations-John A. Braithwaite-2006D) age of permanent sectionalismE) the modern curse of urbanism vs rural agrarianism

55. The single greatest impact of actions and events taken during the Buchanan Administration was theA) political reemergence of Abraham Lincoln **B) the publication of Uncle Tom’s CabinC) the writing and distribution of Hinton R. Helper’s book, The Impending Crisis.D) decisions by the Buchanan pro-Northern Supreme CourtE) drafting of the Chrittendon Compromise on slavery

Abraham Lincoln:

56. Which of the following combinations of rivals did Lincoln choose to nominate as cabinet members upon his election 1860? A) Douglas, Bates, Jeff Davis, and CameronB) Cameron, Stephens, Lee, and SewardC) Seward, Chase, Bates, and Cameron **D) Weed, Grundy, Blair, and Andrew JohnsonE) Blair, Douglas, Fremont, and Grant

57. Which descriptive term most carefully identifies Abe Lincoln’s abolitionist feelings?A) He was a fanatic abolitionistB) He was a liberal abolitionist on principle onlyC) He was undecided and unconcerned about abolitionismD) He was a moral or conscience abolitionist **E) He was anti-abolitionist

58. Which of the following men did NOT participate in the election of 1860 as a candidateA) LincolnB) DouglasC) BreckenridgeD) BellE) Buchanan **

59. At the beginning of the Civil War, the North had all of the following advantages EXCEPT:A) more manpowerB) more industryC) stronger consensus concerning war aims **D) an established government recognized by all nationsE) superiority in number of naval vessels

60. Abraham Lincoln viewed the Civil War primarily as a…A) struggle in the economic interest of the northern bankers and merchantsB) crusade to abolish slaveryC) test of the inviolability of the union **D) struggle against the dominance of Southerner in national government

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American History Students Review—Based upon Presidential Administrations-John A. Braithwaite-2006E) struggle to secure full citizenship for Negroes

Andrew Johnson:

61. Andrew Johnson’s conception of what was to be done following the Civil War is best described by the term:A) “Squatter sovereignty”B) “Restoration” **C) “Scalawag supremacy”D) “Military reconstruction”E) “Distribution of forty acres and a mule”

62. The remarkable characteristic of Johnson’s reconstruction policy was that it was:A) arbitrary and suspiciousB) mild and compromising **C) a capitulation to the radical views in the NorthD) original and visionaryE) vague but diplomatic

63. Historians Thomas A. Bailey and David Kennedy have argued that Reconstruction was…A) an effective and enduring revolution to advance political democracyB) a movement of unintended consequencesC) a static and reactionary move that set the US back a century in progressD) a more bitter pill for the South to swallow than the War itself. **E) to delay the effectiveness of women’s rights movement

64. Which post-war President of Reconstruction signed the now powerful and precedent setting 14th Amendment to the Constitution?A) Andrew Johnson **B) Abraham LincolnC) Ulysses S. GrantD) James A. GarfieldE) Chester A. Arthur

65. The Reconstruction Act of 1867 dealt specifically with:A) the economic reconstruction of southern agricultureB) the social conditions of the ex-slavesC) the establishment of military reconstruction in five districts under Union generals **D) the rebuilding of the rail system in the SouthE) the steps necessary to go from “conquered provinces” to member of the republican

union.

Ulysses S. Grant:

66. The major achievement of the Grant Administration which was actually a process out of it’s control concerned which of the following issues that dramatically was beneficial to the whole American nation?

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American History Students Review—Based upon Presidential Administrations-John A. Braithwaite-2006A) Effective and peaceful completion of reconstructionB) Effectively dealing with the hoards of immigration coming from EuropeC) Efficient readjustment of southern agricultural problemsD) Effective reestablishment of diplomatic relations with European nationsE) Allowing the rise of industrialism to go forward unregulated **

67. The most vital trans-continental development in railroad building occurred when…A) The Great Northern railroad was completedB) The Northern Pacific railroad was completedC) The Central Pacific and Union Pacific was joined at Promontory Point **D) The Southern Pacific connected the North and SouthE) The Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe rail line began operations

68. Which of the following is NOT TRUE of the pre-Grant years of Reconstruction?A) The war devastated southern societyB) Every major southern city law in ruinsC) The social structure of the South was weakenedD) There were only minimal affects upon African Americans **E) The per capita wealth was more than twice that of all eleven Confederate states.

69. Which of the following combination of events was clearly outside the period of the Administration of President Ulysses S. Grant?

I. Credit Mobilier ScandalII. Ku Klux Klan ActIII. Publication of The Adventures of Huckleberry FinnIV. Glidden invent “Barbed Wire”V. Atlanta Compromise

A) I & IIIB) IV & IIC) III & V **D) II & VE) IV & I

70. Which of the following massacres occurred during the presidential watch of Ulysses S. Grant”?A) The Hauns Mill MassacreB) The Colfax Massacre **C) The Fetterman MassacreD) Deerfield MassacreE) Wounded Knee Massacre

Rutherford B. Hayes:

71. At the time of his inauguration, President Hayes was view by a great majority of the American people as having been...A) elected by fraud **B) considered to be a major reformer

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American History Students Review—Based upon Presidential Administrations-John A. Braithwaite-2006C) a political supporter of radicalism in reconstructionD) a pro-Western railroad magnateE) a New England conservative

72. During Hayes’ Administration, he was able to gain recognition as reformer and fighter against:A) radical reconstructionB) Indian massacres in the mid-WestC) abusive pork barrel riders to essential appropriation bills **D) abuse of workers in the burgeoning factories of AmericaE) farm subsidies by Congressmen from the Midwest

73. A common feature of southern agriculture under the Hayes Administration was:A) homesteadingB) government land grantsC) subdividing plantationsD) sharecropping **E) introduction of the sugar industry into agriculture

James A. Garfield:

74. Which of the late 19th century issues does NOT affect the administration of James A. Garfield?A) He was a compromise candidate for the nomination after the 34 ballot of the

convention.B) Garfield had a deep-seated aversion to parading his own virtues.C) Indian massacres and battle on the Midwest frontierD) Democrats attempted to taint Garfield as a scandal mongerE) James G. Blaine changed political parties after Garfield’s nomination **

75. Who among the following became the colorful, magnetic, and powerful Secretary of State, during Garfield’s presidency, in much the same fashion William H. Seward did under Lincoln?A) Roscoe ConklingB) Rutherford B. HayesC) James G. Blaine **D) Grover ClevelandE) Chester A. Arthur

Chester A. Arthur:

76. The presidential successor to Garfield, due to the assassin’s bullet, Arthur is known for each of the following EXCEPT:A) Arthur signed the Pendleton ActB) Arthur was the product the most powerful patronage machine in existenceC) Arthur signed a tariff law noted for doing nothing

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American History Students Review—Based upon Presidential Administrations-John A. Braithwaite-2006D) Arthur was a major foreign policy expert **E) Arthur was unique in that he was first incumbent President whose party refused to

re-nominate him for another term of office.

Grover Cleveland:

77. Grover Cleveland became the first president after 1868 toA) secure a majority of both popular and electoral votesB) have a party majority in both houses of CongressC) take steps to end ReconstructionD) have been born in the SouthE) break Republican control of the White House **

78. The Cleveland-Blaine campaign of 1884 was aimed primarily at:A) lowering tariffsB) reviving the Bloody Shirt issueC) reforming the civil serviceD) exposing the personal shortcomings of the candidates **E) regaining the European powers allegiance to avoid continental war

79. Which combination of two laws was Grover Cleveland famous for signing?A) Interstate Commerce Act // Dawes Severalty Act **B) Pendleton Act // Pension Appropriations ActC) Tenure of Office Act // Sherman Tariff ActD) Gold Standards Act // Sherman Silver Purchase ActE) Reconstruction Acts // Forest Reserve Act

Benjamin Harrison:

80. Benjamin Harrison is most commonly identified with and responsible for…A) Dawes Severalty ActB) “Billion dollar” out of control Congress of 1890 **C) Rise of Knights of LaborD) Formation of United States Steel CorporationE) Formation of Standard Oil Trust

William J. McKinley: 81. William J. McKinley was the first Gilded Age President to focus on aggressive…

A) Development of imperialism in foreign policy matters **B) Rejection of insularismC) Approval of organized labor’s anti-immigrant socialismD) Domestic acceptance of William James ideas of pragmatismE) Development of the rise of populism

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American History Students Review—Based upon Presidential Administrations-John A. Braithwaite-2006

82. Which member of Lincoln’s “Team of Rivals” was retained by McKinley to run the foreign policy of the US?A) Salmon P. ChaseB) Simon CameronC) Francis BlairD) William Henry Seward **E) William Jennings Bryan

83. Men who made a major impact upon foreign affairs in the Gilded Age included ALL EXCEPT:A) William H. SewardB) Hamilton FishC) James G. BlaineD) Henry Cabot LodgeE) Samuel Gompers **

84. The weak and ineffective Presidents of the Gilded Age were complimented by powerfulA) Vice PresidentsB) Secretaries of State **C) Secretaries of the TreasuryD) Powerful Democratic SenatorsE) Powerful industrial magnates that supported the Presidents

85. The primary feature of American government during these years signaled the development of:

A) powerful standing armiesB) of useful navies for imperial motivesC) of powerful centralized government **D) major powers and policies coming from the Supreme CourtE) rapid settlement of western US into statehood

Theodore Roosevelt:

86. Who was the first American President to draw popular attention to the need for a national conservation policy?A) Theodore Roosevelt **B) Woodrow WilsonC) Herbert HooverD) Franklin D. RooseveltE) John F. Kennedy

87. Which of the following items of modern power structures would Theodore Roosevelt have rejected as unacceptable?A) industrialismB) nationalismC) progressivismD) imperialismE) fanaticism **

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American History Students Review—Based upon Presidential Administrations-John A. Braithwaite-2006

88. Which of the following “Deals” did TR propose to the American People?A) Fair DealB) Square Deal **C) New DealD) Raw DealE) Vegas Deal

89. Which of the following items was NOT an action of President TR?A) Pure Food & Drug ActB) Roosevelt CorollaryC) Built the Panama CanalD) Newlands Reclamation ActE) Veto veterans pension bill **

90. Theodore Roosevelt would earn the Nobel Prize in 1906 for helping bring to an end a war between which combination of two nations.A) France // GermanyB) Spain // ItalyC) Britain // TurkeyD) Japan // Russia **E) Mexico // Argentina

91. Roosevelt’s victory in the Northern Securities Company case (1904) was his first significant trust-busting effort; was aimed at the unpopular railroad industry, and which of the following captains of industry?A) James J. Hill **B) Andrew CarnegieC) John D. RockefellerD) Leland StanfordE) Cornelius Vanderbilt

William Howard Taft:

92. The economic oriented foreign policy of the man who succeeded Theodore Roosevelt as President was known as:A) Manifest DestinyB) Dollar Diplomacy **C) Social DarwinismD) Reciprocity with nationsE) World safe for democracy

93. “He graduated 2nd in his class at Yale, was an enviable lawyer, and judicial scholar…” Which of the following progressives is Historian David Kennedy talking about?A) Robert LaFolletteB) Theodore RooseveltC) Woodrow WilsonD) William Howard Taft **E) John Hay

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American History Students Review—Based upon Presidential Administrations-John A. Braithwaite-200694. Which of the following issues were not issues on which Taft had to deal during his single

term as President of the United States.A) trust-bustingB) tariffC) inter-government agency fightsD) impeachment crisis **E) Senatorial insurgency

95. What did Taft call the supporters of TR when he returned to oppose Taft in 1912?A) feeble miscreantsB) emotional and neurotic **C) intellectual snobsD) naked thievesE) wishy-washy-turncoats

Woodrow Wilson:

96. At the beginning of the 20th century Woodrow Wilson ascended to the White House with a profound sense of…A) idealism **B) realismC) pragmatismD) surrealismE) imperialism

97. Wilson by any standard of judgment was a(n)_____ President in 1912 in the first term of office.A) plurality B) minority **C) majorityD) super-majorityE) compromised

98. Which of the following trusts did Wilson “go after” upon his election to the Presidency?A) railroadB) copperC) banking **D) steelE) oil

99. Woodrow Wilson was fundamentally opposite his two progressive presidential predecessors in that he hated which of the followingA) nationalismB) dollar diplomacyC) insularismD) pluralismE) imperialism **

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American History Students Review—Based upon Presidential Administrations-John A. Braithwaite-2006100. Wilson did not confront any of the basic causes of war that led to World War I EXCEPT he

did not approve ofA) nationalismB) militarismC) imperialism **D) alliance systemsE) propaganda

101. Wilson “pushed societies envelope” by appointing a man to the Supreme Court who he knew would be controversial. That person was…A) William Howard TaftB) Charles Evans HughesC) Louis D. Brandeis **D) Owen RobertsE) Robert Jackson

102. The chief cause for the entry of the United States into World War I, was Germany’sA) policy of peaceful penetration into MexicoB) invasion of BelgiumC) resumption of submarine warfare **D) campaign of sabotage in the United StatesE) air attack on the Atlantic coast of the US

103. Which of the following tandem issues were not long range causes of warfare in the first half of the 20th century?A) imperialism // racismB) nationalism // fanaticismC) militarism // alliance buildingD) propaganda // yellow journalismE) manifest destiny // neutrality **

104. Wilson’s avowed intentions in going to the Versailles Peace Conference was to…A) make the world safe for democracyB) punish the Germans and AustriansC) achieve the provisions of the fourteen points **D) halt Russian expansionism in eastern EuropeE) create the United Nations

105. The battle in which the Americans took the primary role of halting the Central Powers wasA) Rock of the MarneB) Muese-Argonne Forest **C) CantignyD) PiaveE) Verdun

Warren G. Harding:

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American History Students Review—Based upon Presidential Administrations-John A. Braithwaite-2006106. Under President Harding the U.S.

A) ratified the Treaty of Versailles with reservationsB) took no notice whatever of the League of NationsC) we sacrificed actual naval superiority D) we sacrificed potential naval superiority **E) became over night the world’s only super-power

107. The Washington Naval Conference of 1921-22A) actually achieved no arms reductionsB) improved the tense atmosphere in the Pacific **C) left the Philippines in a stronger positionD) made a highly favorable impression on JapanE) protected Australia from invasion

108. The Ohio Gang included which pair of men appointed by Warren Harding.A) Harry F. Sinclair // William Howard TaftB) Henry Ford // Charles Evans HughesC) Harry M. Daugherty// Albert B. Fall **D) Herbert C. Hoover // Andrew MellonE) Calvin Coolidge // John Scopes

Calvin Coolidge:

109. President Calvin Coolidge presided over a nation that was affected by ALL OF THE FOLLOWING EXCEPT:A) a tremendous business boom cycleB) a cultural renaissance among both Black and White communitiesC) an economic age of affluence and changeD) a blistering depression and war **E) an age fundamentalism and prohibitionist

110. Thomas Edison was to the Gilded Age as _____ was to _____A) Charles Evan Hughes :: World War IB) Wilbur Wright :: Progressive EraC) Herbert C. Hoover :: the Great DepressionD) Al Jolson :: Sports EraE) Henry Ford :: was the Jazz Age **

Herbert Clark Hoover:

111. One of the great writers of the age who, in terms of the way he lived, and the themes of his literary works, the author most representative of the “Lost Generation” was:A) Ernest Hemingway **B) Langston HughesC) John Dos PassosD) John SteinbeckE) Sinclair Lewis

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American History Students Review—Based upon Presidential Administrations-John A. Braithwaite-2006112. Which of the following diplomatic treatises and attending doctrines was written and

applied during the Herbert Hoover Administration?A) Olney Doctrine—Platt AmendmentB) Roosevelt Corollary—Dollar DiplomacyC) Clark Memorandum—Good Neighbor Policy **D) Ostend Manifesto—Teller AmendmentE) Alliance for Progress—Peace Corps

113. Which of the following is NOT TRUE of Herbert Hoover?A) Born in Iowa and orphaned, but worked his way through Stanford UniversityB) He was a fabulously successful mining engineer who worked abroadC) He was a gregarious out-going and social man who merged easily in high society **D) His real power lay in his integrity, humanitarianism, and loyalty. He was known as

“Chief!”E) He was the intellectual spirit behind the development of “Good Neighbor Policy.”

114. Which of the following issues was NOT a long-range cause of the Great Depression which confronted Herbert Hoover?A) Over production by farmersB) Over speculation in the stock marketC) Over extension of credit by banksD) Over spending on credit by consumersE) Over regulation of Securities & Exchange Commission **

115. Hoover’s presidential theme was:A) Manifest DestinyB) Rugged Individualism **C) The Square DealD) Scientific ManagementE) The Open Door Policy

Franklin Delano Roosevelt:

116. Which of the following tandem events and statements is true of the 1932 Democratic Convention in Chicago?A) FDR smashed precedent by accepting nomination in person // “I pledge to you, I

pledge myself to a new deal for the American people.” **B) The democratic platform supported prohibition // “Happy Days are here again!”C) Al Smith proudly proclaimed… // “Out of the Red with Roosevelt”D) FDR rousingly shouted // “damn the deficit spenders!”E) FDR forebodingly warned that // “All we have to fear, is fear itself!”

117. FDR’s first “New Deal” aimed at a triad of prescriptural solutions to the Depression. Which of the following combinations of programs is NOT correct? A) Reform actions // Glass-Steagall Act, NRA, TVA, B) Recovery actions // Emergency Banking Relief, CCC, & FERAC) Reactionary actions // PWA, Beer & Wine Act, & RFC **D) Relief actions // AAA, HOLC, & WPAE) Later reform actions // FHA, Wagner Act, & Fair Labor Standard Act

118. FDR made many historical decisions, but one of the first decisions was a major issue involving women:A) Using his wife a goodwill ambassador

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American History Students Review—Based upon Presidential Administrations-John A. Braithwaite-2006B) Choosing a woman as Vice PresidentC) Allowing Margaret Chase to become a US SenatorD) Allowing Mary McLeod Bethune to become a director of minor government agencyE) Appointing Frances Perkins to serve as the Secretary of Labor and first woman to

serve in a President’s Cabinet **

119. Which of the following economic groups needed Roosevelt’s attention due to natural disasters?A) Union workers in the citiesB) Women across the AmericaC) Students from the universitiesD) Farmers from the “Dust Bowl” states **E) Eastern seaboard businessmen

120. Which dual set of programs were declared “unconstitutional” by the Supreme Court during the New Deal Years?A) NRA & AAA **B) TVA & SECC) NLRB & HOLCD) WPA & PWAE) FERA & CCC

121. Which two crises enable FDR to bring the US into the modern world of 1945?A) Supreme Court crisis // Dust BowlB) World War II // Great Depression **C) Rise of Fascism // collapse of labor in 1930’sD) Changing his Vice Presidents// Organizing the CIOE) Suppressing civil liberties // mandating integration in Armed Forces

122. William H. Seward was to Abraham Lincoln as _____ was to _____A) James G. Blaine :: Benjamin HarrisonB) Alexander Hamilton :: George WashingtonC) Henry Clay :: Andrew JacksonD) Cordell Hull :: Franklin D. Roosevelt **E) Henry L. Stimson :: Woodrow Wilson

123. The day “that will live in infamy!” is which of the following?A) Black Friday, Sept. 24, 1869B) Black Tuesday, October 29, 1929C) December 7 1941 **D) June 6, 1943E) April 12, 1945

124. What presidential action of FDR did NOT move this nation toward World War II?A) Lend-lease ActB) Einstein letter of August 2, 1939C) de facto isolation and neutrality during the 1930’sD) the Atlantic Charter covenant struck by Churchill and Roosevelt

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American History Students Review—Based upon Presidential Administrations-John A. Braithwaite-2006E) pre-1940 Japanese relocation movement **

125. A major, early set of naval battles that stopped Japanese aggression & expansionism were:A) Pearl Harbor & MidwayB) Midway & Coral Sea **C) Leyte Gulf & Mariana Islands campaignD) Coral Sea & Invasion of the PhilippinesE) Gilbert Islands & Okinawa

Harry S. Truman:

126. Harry S. Truman aided the cause of civil liberty A) denouncing Southern support in the 1948 presidential electionB) desegregation of the armed forces of the United States **C) integrating the public schools of Missouri & ArkansasD) ordering non-discrimination clauses in all defense contractsE) integrating restaurants, movie theaters, and interstate travel

127. Truman’s twin decisions involving war in the modern world on a level never before known are:A) Normandy Invasion and Battle of the BulgeB) Authorization to invade the Philippines and French IndochinaC) Fire bombing of Tokyo and attack order for Iwo JimaD) Eisenhower’s authorization to cross the Rhine and invade the City of BerlinE) The Korean police action of 1950 and the bombing of Hiroshima/Nagasaki **

128. During the Second World War civil liberties in the US were most conspicuously violated by the A) relocation of Japanese Americans **B) jailing German and Japanese pacificistsC) persecution of pro-Hitler German AmericansD) persecution of Russian-American CommunistsE) crack-down on Jewish American press

129. Truman’s action to remove Gen. Douglas MacArthur from command of the United Nations forces during the Korean War exemplifies the constitutional power of…A) separation of powersB) federal supremacyC) civilian control of the military **D) concept of limited governmentE) checks and balances

130. Which of the following World War II military figures became the architect of Truman’s foreign policy?A) Gen. Dwight D. EisenhowerB) Gen. George S. PattonC) Adm. Chester W. Nimitz

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American History Students Review—Based upon Presidential Administrations-John A. Braithwaite-2006D) Adm. William F. HalseyE) Gen. George C. Marshall **

Dwight David Eisenhower:

131. President Dwight D. Eisenhower’s chief cold war problem was…A) SputnikB) Ending the Korean WarC) McCarthyismD) U-2 Incident **E) death of Joseph Stalin

132. Which Supreme Court case, rendered under the Eisenhower Administration by a Chief Justice appointed by Eisenhower, mandated racial integration?A) Muller vs. OregonB) Schenck vs United StatesC) Schecter Poultry vs USD) Dennis vs USE) Brown vs Board of Education, Topeka, KS **

133. President Eisenhower’s economic and national unification program was manifest in…A) Establish several trans-continental airlinesB) Rebuilding the nations railroadsC) Building the new freeway, parkway, and ribbons highways **D) careful supervision of the stock marketE) rebuilding the nations ports on both oceans

134. The area of the world where the Cold War was most acutely focused was:A) JapanB) Germany **C) ArgentinaD) NigeriaE) Philippines

135. Nuclear weaponry has reached a colossal xenophobia of fear, because of the creation of ALL EXCEPT:A) Hydrogen warheadsB) Missiles for deliveryC) Computers for programmed deliveryD) Neutron bombsE) Defense mechanisms **

John F. Kennedy:

136. Which of the following issues did NOT occur during the Kennedy AdministrationA) Cuban Missile CrisisB) Berlin crisis—construction of Wall

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American History Students Review—Based upon Presidential Administrations-John A. Braithwaite-2006C) The Vietnam quagmireD) Serious labor union strikes **E) Serious civil rights conflicts

137. John F. Kennedy surrounded himself what he called; “The best & the brightest”. Among them were included ALL EXCEPT:A) Mc George BundyB) Thurgood Marshall **C) Dean RuskD) Robert F. McNamaraE) Douglas Dillon

138. There is an interesting and somewhat significant correlation between the cabinet members of FDR and JFK, in that theyA) were all New Englanders B) business executives of major national importanceC) intellectuals from the major universities of the nation **D) included several southerners and western figures E) nearly half of them were women, minorities, and bachelor’s

139. The twin relics of national crisis and foreign shame that occurred during the Kennedy Administration were:A) Vietnam and Civil Rights **B) Collapse of the Common Market and social violence at homeC) Betrayal of foreign leaders to help Kennedy and national failure of the economyD) Alienation of young people against power and greed of world leaders for imperialist

powerE) Development of drug culture and the unabashed greed of corporate America.

140. The single greatest tragedy of “Camelot”A) sky-rocketing crime ratesB) appalling povertyC) assassinations **D) sexual revolutionE) emergence of the radical “New Left!”

Lyndon Baines Johnson:

141. The years from 1963-1968 are a complete tragedy for a man who was such a political idealist and moral pragmatist, that it has the plot of an operatic tragedy. Which of the following was THE ONLY BRIGHT SPOT in the Administration of Lyndon Johnson?A) Vietnamese warB) Civil Rights catastrophesC) Student revoltsD) Black power vs White backlashE) War On Poverty **

142. What was the single event that dealt Johnson’s credibility a fatal blow?A) Danang Air strikeB) Tet Offensive **C) Gulf of Tonkin resolution

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American History Students Review—Based upon Presidential Administrations-John A. Braithwaite-2006D) The bombing raids over the northE) Dien Bien Phu attack

143. Lyndon Johnson stunned the nation and the world in March of 1968, with the announcement:A) that he would not run again **B) that he was resigning immediately C) that he felt betrayed by those who were of his own partyD) that Robert F. Kennedy had been assassinatedE) that Martin Luther King had been assassinated

Richard M. Nixon:

144. To whom did Richard Nixon appeal in political quest for the Presidency?A) The New LeftB) The Radical LeftC) The silent majority **D) The John Birch SocietyE) The Conservative Fundamentalist Right

145. Leading figures appointed by newly elected Presidents are always historically significant in that they are the ones who will set the agenda, formulate the policies, and execute the actions of the government looking forward. Which of the list is generally considered to be the foreign policy “master mind” of the Nixon Years?A) Robert FinchB) William J. FulbrightC) George McGovernD) Robert McNamaraE) Henry Kissinger **

146. The fascinating term that came to characterize Nixon foreign policy was:A) “Open Door PolicyB) “Détente” **C) “Good Neighbor Policy”D) “Peace without victory policy”E) “Unilateral application of democracy”

147. Which of the following TWO events occurred early in the Nixon administration that both shocked and awed the world?A) Apollo 11 // Kent State murders **B) Assassination of Martin Luther King // Congress passes ERAC) Nixon’s resignation // NOW foundedD) Paris Peace Accords // Cuban Missile CrisisE) War Powers Act-73 // Roe vs. Wade decided

148. The resignation of Richard Nixon came as the result of the investigation into the…25

American History Students Review—Based upon Presidential Administrations-John A. Braithwaite-2006A) Vietnam warB) Assassination of Malcolm XC) Kent State MassacreD) Watergate investigation **E) The escalation of the Vietnam War into Cambodia and Laos

149. Which pair of African American leaders wrote wholly contrasting views about race relations in American?A) James Foreman // Jesse JacksonB) Stokley Carmichael // Thurgood MarshallC) Martin Luther King // Malcolm X **D) Jackie Robinson // Willie MaysE) Jim Brown // Wilt Chamberlain

150. What nineteenth century concept of politics did both Richard Nixon and Henry Kissinger share in common?A) DétenteB) Neo-Machiavellian idealismC) Gradual release of imperialistic motivesD) Realpolitik **E) National Socialism

FINIS

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