Aortic dissection by bhanu incredible

AORTIC DISSECTION

By bhanu prakash10DE1R0011

AORTA : the aorta is the main blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the rest

of the body.

• An aortic dissection is a tear in the wall of the aorta that results in forceful blood flow through the middle layer of the aortic wall that can lead to weakening and separation of the aortic wall.

Signs and symptoms• Sudden pain in the back, chest, neck or jaw• High blood pressure• Myocardial infarction• Pleural effusion• Aortic insufficiency• Sweating• Shortness of breath• Loss of consciousness (fainting)

RISK FACTORS: MARFAN SYNDROME AORTIC DILATATION HYPERTENSION COARCTATION OF THE AORTA BICUSPID AORTIC VALVE PREGNANCY scoliosis

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY:

Diagnosis: ECG BLOOD TESTS CHEST X-RAY CT MRI TTE TEE AORTOGRAPHY

CLASSIFICATION

• Stanford Classification Type A -involves ascending aorta Type B –involves descending aorta

• DeBakey Classification Type I –ascending, arch & descending aorta Type II –ascending only Type III –descending only

Medication :

o Beta blockers : esmolol propranolol labetalol

o Calcium channel blockers: verapamil diltiazem

Surgical:

Some methods of repair are:• Replacement of the damaged section with a tube

graft (often made of dacron) when there is no damage to the aortic valve.

• Bentall procedure — Replacement of the damaged section of aorta and replacement of the aortic valve.

• David procedure — Replacement of the damaged section of aorta and reimplantation of the aortic valve.

Bentall procedure

David Procedure

Conclusions• Aortic dissection is a life-threatening

condition that must be diagnosed and treated without delay.

• Dissections involving the beginning portion of the aorta (type A) are treated with emergency surgery and those involving the descending aorta (type B) are usually treated with medications.

References• Grainger & Allison's Diagnostic Radiology: A Textbook

of Medical Imaging, 4th ed., Copyright © 2001 Churchill Livingstone, Inc.

• CHORUS (Hypertext of Radiology)• Nienaber C A, von Kodolitsch Y, Nicolas V et al 1993

The diagnosis of thoracic aortic dissection by noninvasive imaging procedures. N Engl J Med 328: 1–14

• Leonard JC (July 1979). "Thomas Bevill Peacock and the early history of dissecting aneurysm".

• Daily PO, Trueblood HW, Stinson EB, Wuerflein RD, Shumway NE (Sep 1970). "Management of acute aortic dissections". Ann Thorac Surg. 10 (3): 237–47

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