MOALF/SHEP PLUS Smallholder Horticulture Empowerment & Promotion Project for Local and Up - Scaling (SHEP PLUS) Prepared by SHEP PLUS “Changing Farmers’ Mindset from “Grow and Sell” to ”Grow to Sell” ” Japan International Cooperation Agency Agriculture and Food Authority Horticultural Crops Directorate Presented to the County & AFA (HCD) Staff in charge of the SHEP PLUS Model Farmer Groups during the FT - FaDDE PASSION FRUIT PRODUCTION Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries State Department for Crop Development & Agricultural Research
72
Embed
“Changing Farmers’ Mindset from “Grow and Sell” to …...“Changing Farmers’ Mindset from “Grow and Sell” to ”Grow to Sell”” Japan International Cooperation Agency
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
• Does well in the lower midland and lowland zones
• Is more vigorous and produces larger fruits of 5 – 7 cm in diameter
• More acidic- used for juice extraction
• Resistant to Fusarium Wilt
• Tolerant to Phytophtora Root Rot, Nematodes and Brown Spot
• Used as rootstock for purple passion fruit
1.2 Common Varieties Cont’
6
MOALF/SHEP PLUS
Altitude 1,200 – 2,000 masl (purple)
0 – 800 masl (yellow)
Rainfall 900 – 2,000 mm annually
Growing
Temperature
Purple Passion: 18 – 25 0C
Yellow Passion: 25 – 30 0C
Soils •Loamy soils which are
deep and well drained
•pH range 5.5 – 6.5
1.3 Optimal Ecological
Requirements
7
MOALF/SHEP PLUS
8
2. G20 technologies Make sure to support farmers carry out G20
techniques for any crop
1. Market survey
2. Crop planting
calendar
3. Soil testing
4. Composting
5. Use of quality
planting materials
6. Recommended land
preparation practices
7. Incorporating crop
residues
8. Basal application of
compost/ manure
9. Recommended
practices of seedling
preparation/
seedlings from
registered nursery
MOALF/SHEP PLUS
9
2. G20 technologies
10.Recommended
spacing
11.Recommended
fertilizer application
rate
12.Supplementing
water
13.Timely weeding
14.Top-dressing
15.IPM practices
16.Safe and effective
use of pesticides
17.Use of harvesting
indices
18.Appropriate post
harvest handling
containers
19.Value addition
techniques
20.Keeping farm
records
MOALF/SHEP PLUS
1st top-
dress
150 g CAN
per / plant
Training,
staking &
pruning
Weed,
pests
& diseases
control
2nd top-
dress
100 g NPK
per plant
1 debe (15kg0
Compost
/manure
Training,
pruning
Weed,
pests
& diseases
control
Harvesting
starts 7-8
months
Sorting &
grading
Yields 4,000-
5,000kg per
acre
Marketing
Peak demand
for Passion
Fruits
A Sample of a Passion Fruit Planting Calendar
CROP PLANTING CALENDER
3.1 Crop Planting Calendar
Dec Jan Feb
Transplant
30 – 45 days
after Grafting
Spacing
2m x 3m or
3m x 3m
Training,
Staking &
Pruning
Land
Preparation
Preparation
Of holes
45 x 45 cm
Mix top soil
With 15kg
FYM + 125
g DSP
Fill holes 3
Weeks b4
trans-
planting
Mar Jul Dec Jan Mar
10
……. …….
MOALF/SHEP PLUS
11
• Aggressive perennial weeds such as
Kikuyu grass should be eliminated before
planting
• Land preparation is done mechanically
(ploughing) or by use of herbicides such
as glyphosate
3. Cultural Practices:
3.2 Land Preparation
(GHCP&PHHT20: Q6)
MOALF/SHEP PLUS
12
Preparation of Holes:
• Dig holes 45 x 45 x 45 cm separating the top and sub-soils
• Spacing : 2 x 3 m (640 plants/acre)
• Mix the topsoil with a debe (15 kg) of Farm Yard Manure (FYM) and 125 g of Triple Super Phosphate (46 % P2O5)
• Fill the hole with this mixture at least 3 weeks before transplanting
3. Cultural Practices:
3.2 Land Preparation Cont’
MOALF/SHEP PLUS
13
Preparation of Poles:
• Number of poles per acre: 350
• Pole size: 2.5 – 3 m high with thickness of 150 mm
• Galvanized wire: 120 kg of plain galvanized wire
• Sisal twine: 10 kg
• 4-5 inch Nails: 5 kg
3. Cultural Practices:
3.2 Land Preparation Cont’
MOALF/SHEP PLUS
Sowing Seeds:
• Seeds are selected from well-developed ripe fruit
• Seed Rate: sow at least 2 seeds per bag
After Sowing:
• Weeding: weekly
• Watering: daily in dry season
• Maintenance of constructions
• Discard weak rootstock, pest or diseases & affected plants weekly
• Root pruning: monthly14
3.3 Raising Seedlings:
3.3.1 Open Nursery
MOALF/SHEP PLUS
Grafting:
• Select a young, healthy vine the same diameter as the rootstock from which to cut scions
• Cut a scion at the node in a long angle with a budding knife
• Cut about 2.5 cm slit into the rootstock vine with a grafting knife
• Slide the angle of the scion into the slit in the rootstock, pairing the two pieces up in size
• Wrap grafting tape tightly around the union
• Seal the graft union with grafting compound. The graft union should be at least 45 cm above the soil level 15
3.3 Raising Seedlings:
3.3.1 Open Nursery Cont’
MOALF/SHEP PLUS
Grafting Cont’:
• Brush a layer of the compound over the grafting tape
Labeling:
• Labeling of the improved plants as labels may get lost
Record Keeping:
• Daily, weekly; number grafted, taken grafts, sold fruit trees, expenses and selling
16
3.3 Raising Seedlings:
3.3.1 Open Nursery Cont’
MOALF/SHEP PLUS
Management of Nursery:
• Harden the improved cultivars before planting as the environment in the field after planting is less controlled than that of the nursery
• Remove/reduce shade in a stepwise manner
• Remove grafting tape after 8 weeks as it can strangle the scion
• When the colour of the leaves become dark green, remove shade completely
• Prick out, weed and water carefully
17
3.3 Raising Seedlings:
3.3.1 Open Nursery Cont’
MOALF/SHEP PLUS
18
3-1
Passion fruit nursery
3.3 Raising Seedlings:
3.3.2 Screen House
Source: SHEP PLUS
MOALF/SHEP PLUS
19
• Raise seedlings under an insect proof screen house
• Source seeds from recommended sources or collect healthy mature fruit of recommended Yellow Passion Fruit from parent with a history of good bearing capacity; extract seeds by fermenting for 3 days to ease separation of pulp and seed and then dry the seed under shade
• Sow the seed shallowly into prepared beds or eco bags filled with sterilized soil
• Bags should be 5 by 9 inches (12.7 x 22.9 cm)
• Germination starts after 14 – 21 days
3.3 Raising Seedlings:
3.3.2 Screen House
MOALF/SHEP PLUS
20
3.4 Transplanting/Field
Establishment
• One month after grafting, the seedlings are ready for transplanting in the field
• Transplanting should be done early morning or late in the evening
• It should be done at the onset of rains or anytime under irrigation
MOALF/SHEP PLUS
21
• The top dressing fertiliser should be applied in
two splits per year
• Application of 100g NPK (17-17-17/20-20-20)
per plant at start of every rainy season.
• This could be at least four times in a year
• 1 debe (15 kg) of well decomposed manure per
plant per year is applied before the rains begin
• Spraying with foliar feed and trace elements
every three months is recommended
3.5 Top-dressing (GHCP&PHHT20: Q14)
MOALF/SHEP PLUS
22
Trellised Passion Fruit plants
3-2
3.6 Crop Management:
3.6.1 Staking & Trellising
Source: SHEP PLUS
MOALF/SHEP PLUS
3.6 Crop Management:
3.6.1 Staking & Trellising
• The common system of support is by use of plain wires strung on posts (trellis)
• The trellis should be erected immediately after transplanting
• Post for trellising should be about 3.0 m long and 15 cm in diameter: they are dug 60 cm deep and spaced 6 m apart in the row
• A single strand of wire is tightly stretched over each row of posts and fixed firmly to the end posts
23
MOALF/SHEP PLUS
24
Well trained and pruned Passion Fruit plants
3.6 Crop Management:
3.6.2 Training and Pruning
3-3
Photo: SHEP PLUS
MOALF/SHEP PLUS
25
3.6 Crop Management:
3.6.2 Training
• A light stick is driven into the ground close to the plant or a piece of sisal twine from the base of the young plant to the wire above
• Two healthy shoots at the base of the plant are then selected and trained up the stick or the sisal strands by twining them regularly
• All other shoots below the wire and side branches that emerge are removed regularly until the shoots reach the wire
MOALF/SHEP PLUS
26
3.6 Crop Management:
3.6.2 Training Cont’
• The two shoots are then trained along the wire in opposite direction by twining and tying regularly
• It should be ensured that the laterals which bear fruit hang down from the wire
MOALF/SHEP PLUS
27
3.6 Crop Management:
3.6.3 Pruning
• Secondary shoots, old shoots which have produced fruit and dead wood should be removed
• Additionally, laterals reaching ground level should be cut off 10 – 15 cm above ground as well as entangling tendrils
MOALF/SHEP PLUS
28
Kale intercropped with Passion Fruits
3.6 Crop Management:
3.6.4 Intercropping
3-4
Source: SHEP PLUS
MOALF/SHEP PLUS
29
3.6 Crop Management:
3.6.4 Intercropping
• Passion Fruit may be intercropped with vegetables such as Beans, Cabbage and Tomatoes during the first year
• Crops for intercropping should be supplied with their own nutrition to avoid competing with Passion Fruits
• Cucurbits (cucumbers, pumpkin, and squashes) are not recommended due to the woodiness virus and fruit flies
• In addition, maize, cowpea, sorghum, okra, sweet potatoes and other creepers should be avoided
MOALF/SHEP PLUS
30
• The following are the major pests of Passion Fruits in
• They cause curling, wrinkling or cupping of infested leaves, deforming plants
• They spread viruses and excrete honeydew, which coat the plants and leads to growth of sooty mould, which can diminish the photosynthetic capacity of plants
MOALF/SHEP PLUS
33
3.7.1.A: Aphids Cont’
Control:
• Usually controlled by natural enemies
• Pesticides: Oxydemeton-Methyl (HATTRICK EC®)
• Avoid applying too much nitrogenous fertilizer, as this will make the plants juicy and attractive to aphids
• Fruits are harvested when they are ≥ 75 % turning yellow or purple
• They are packed in 4.5 and 6 kg fibreboard cartons, sometimes in one or two layer traysor cell packs
5.2 Value Addition Techniques: Sorting, Cleaning & Grading (GHCP&PHHT20: Q19)
• Sorting and Grading: Fruits should have a diameter of 5 to 8 cm for Purple Passion Fruits and 6 to 8cm for Yellow Passion Fruits
MOALF/SHEP PLUS
70
Processing:
• The fruit is easy to process
• The fruit is cut in half (lengthwise) and the seedy pulp is scooped out
• The resulting rich juice (natural concentrate), can be sweetened and diluted with water or other juices (especially orange or pineapple), to make cold drinks
• The seeded pulp is made into jelly or is combined with pineapple or tomato in making jam
5. Post-Harvest Handling Cont’
MOALF/SHEP PLUS
Reference• The proposed agrochemicals are in accordance with “Products Registered for Use on
Crops Version 1_2018”. The registered agrochemicals are subject to change. Please
refer to the latest registered agrochemicals by Pest Control Product Board.
• Wikipedia: Passion fruits (Last accessed on 1 Dec 2016)