Antebellum Reform Movements › tmthomas › Ch11ref.pdf · Social Religious Methods of reform (how) Antebellum Reform Movements Motives – why here, why now? Rapid growth Rapid

Antebellum Reform Movements

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwj5gpfLy8XhAhWMm4MKHSQ_BGcQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=http://mo8ushistory.weebly.com/reform-movements.html&psig=AOvVaw0mFT2WYTEicBfHeqCi8iiD&ust=1554987921536017http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwj9o_bYy8XhAhUmjoMKHbHAAwgQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=http://www.marmorahistory.ca/temperance&psig=AOvVaw0mFT2WYTEicBfHeqCi8iiD&ust=1554987921536017https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwj9o_bYy8XhAhUmjoMKHbHAAwgQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https://abolitionnc.weebly.com/differing-views-of-slavery.html&psig=AOvVaw0mFT2WYTEicBfHeqCi8iiD&ust=1554987921536017

Antebellum Reform Movements

“Reform”

Positive change

Improve Society

Antebellum Reform Movements

Motives (why)

Types/areas of reform (what)

Social

Religious

Methods of reform (how)

Antebellum Reform Movements

Motives – why here, why now?

Rapid growth

Rapid growth of cities

Changing social order/mobility

Geographic mobility

Need for order in uncertain world

Antebellum Reform Movements

Motives – why here, why now?

Unhappy with present

Need to assess future

Desire to improve society

American “exceptionalism”

Religious Reform

“Second Great Awakening”

http://www.americanyawp.com/text/10-religion-and-reform/

“Camp Meeting”

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjI3oCFz8XhAhUq_4MKHZxqAqAQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tent_revival_during_the_Second_Great_Awakening.jpg&psig=AOvVaw07JJC9pUCIVh3qbXN1gmlz&ust=1554988842978755

Second Great Awakening

North

South

Emphasis on social reform

religious

Social Reforms

What are they reforming?

“Sins”

“Moral and social evils”

Social Reforms

Temperance Movement

“Demon rum”

Train ride to destruction

Social Reforms

Gambling

“Immoral acts” (e.g., prostitution)

Crime

Destruction of the family

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwihhbOx0MXhAhUM9YMKHS7DC5sQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/religious/the-temperance-movement/&psig=AOvVaw16i2M1Bf5k2wdUrMBphV2v&ust=1554989216336336

Social Reforms

Abolition

“Moral evil”

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwiM16D40sXhAhVD_oMKHcmmAGQQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https://www.americanantiquarian.org/nehsc/reform.htm&psig=AOvVaw0wsrrhZVBWagjsvg5EccMP&ust=1554989835500125https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwinm-Hc0sXhAhWa0YMKHQVfCJgQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https://danetteoneal.com/2015/07/04/on-july-4-1854-abolitionists-including-william-lloyd-garrison-sojourner-truth-lucy-stone-and-henry-david-thoreau-addressed-a-rally-sponsored-by-the-massachusetts-anti-slavery-soci/&psig=AOvVaw0wsrrhZVBWagjsvg5EccMP&ust=1554989835500125

Slavery/Abolition

Gradual vs. Immediate

Compensation

Social implications/”disruption”

American Colonization Society “colonizing” African Americans in

Africa

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwiGlpy31MXhAhXJ7IMKHebEA0UQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https://www.thoughtco.com/american-colonization-society-1773296&psig=AOvVaw0GicJYG1IRtVfrYNvfgN81&ust=1554990273290092https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjk1azs1MXhAhWwrIMKHTkoBkEQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https://www.gilderlehrman.org/content/american-colonization-society-membership-certificate-1833&psig=AOvVaw0GicJYG1IRtVfrYNvfgN81&ust=1554990273290092

American Colonization Society Liberia – est. 1821

Monrovia

http://todayinsocialsciences.blogspot.com/2013/04/the-origins-of-liberia.html

Racial Equality & Emancipation

William Lloyd Garrison

The Liberator

Frederick Douglass

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjF7r-g1cXhAhWDo4MKHVydB4cQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Lloyd_Garrison&psig=AOvVaw1gJVmgQJ99lUXMqvX5B9oL&ust=1554990511584114https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjfyODL1cXhAhVD2oMKHStcA-YQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https://www.nps.gov/frdo/learn/historyculture/frederickdouglass.htm&psig=AOvVaw2wu9T_VRH5S_5lZpWKhNdj&ust=1554990612043637

Women’s Rights

“feme covert”

Legal doctrine

Married woman subservient

to husband

“Coverture”

Could not own property

Could not sign legal document

Could not enter into a contract

Woman suffrage

Lucretia Mott Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Woman suffrage

Seneca Falls - 1848 a convention “to discuss the social, civil, and

religious condition and rights of woman”

Organized by female Quakers

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwiI_dubmsbhAhXgHzQIHejYBVsQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https://www.pinterest.com/pin/258394097341093518/&psig=AOvVaw3AcXFVJgZ9byLXsxg02VWG&ust=1555008909085932

Seneca Falls

“Declaration of Sentiments”

“When, in the course of human events, it becomes

necessary for one portion of the family of man to assume

among the people of the earth a position different from that

which they have hitherto occupied, but one to which the laws

of nature and of nature's God entitle them, a decent respect

to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare

the causes that impel them to such a course.

We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men and

women are created equal; that they are endowed by their

Creator with certain inalienable rights; that among these are

life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness; that to secure these

rights governments are instituted, deriving their powers from

the consent of the governed.”

Methods of Reform

Collective action

Voluntary associations

Benevolent organizations

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjqkJDNo8bhAhW1HTQIHfwVBcUQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=/url?sa%3Di%26rct%3Dj%26q%3D%26esrc%3Ds%26source%3Dimages%26cd%3D%26ved%3D%26url%3Dhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woman's_Christian_Temperance_Union%26psig%3DAOvVaw3OdAZY8vd-vjzDd6PiMsJF%26ust%3D1555011546355499&psig=AOvVaw3OdAZY8vd-vjzDd6PiMsJF&ust=1555011546355499http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjqkJDNo8bhAhW1HTQIHfwVBcUQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=/url?sa%3Di%26rct%3Dj%26q%3D%26esrc%3Ds%26source%3Dimages%26cd%3D%26ved%3D%26url%3Dhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woman's_Christian_Temperance_Union%26psig%3DAOvVaw3OdAZY8vd-vjzDd6PiMsJF%26ust%3D1555011546355499&psig=AOvVaw3OdAZY8vd-vjzDd6PiMsJF&ust=1555011546355499https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/Wctu_logo.png

Methods of Reform

Education/schools

Universal

Non-sectarian

Free

Horace Mann

“Common school”

(public school) movement

Catharine Beecher

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjqkJDNo8bhAhW1HTQIHfwVBcUQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=/url?sa%3Di%26rct%3Dj%26q%3D%26esrc%3Ds%26source%3Dimages%26cd%3D%26ved%3D%26url%3Dhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woman's_Christian_Temperance_Union%26psig%3DAOvVaw3OdAZY8vd-vjzDd6PiMsJF%26ust%3D1555011546355499&psig=AOvVaw3OdAZY8vd-vjzDd6PiMsJF&ust=1555011546355499

Methods of Reform

In the home

Role of women

“Cult of True Womanhood”

“Cult of Domesticity”

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwi_5vXymNLhAhUP2qwKHb8jBKkQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https://apprend.io/apush/period-4/cult-of-domesticity/&psig=AOvVaw1tUsMtTwNGFaAneQf_Xy9m&ust=1555420996433701https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwiMjf2AmdLhAhVGSq0KHa2JC-IQjRx6BAgBEAQ&url=https://csivc.csi.cuny.edu/history/files/lavender/386/truewoman.pdf&psig=AOvVaw1tUsMtTwNGFaAneQf_Xy9m&ust=1555420996433701https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwiAqciNmdLhAhUJSq0KHRw4DLwQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https://mstartzman.pbworks.com/Cult-of-Domesticity-(5)&psig=AOvVaw1tUsMtTwNGFaAneQf_Xy9m&ust=1555420996433701

Methods of Reform

Utopias

Communal living

Seeking perfection

Oneida Community

Brook Farm

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwiywt73p8bhAhV2HDQIHc5IAtIQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https://fineartamerica.com/featured/brook-farm-19th-century-granger.html&psig=AOvVaw0wwFbKa5xIqmeo9oYGG05K&ust=1555012696851492

Methods of Reform

Spiritualism

Seeking knowledge from spirits

8 million followers

by 1900