Answer this in your notebook: If you had the opportunity to get food from any restaurant or products from any store for free whenever you wanted, what.

Answer this in your notebook:

• If you had the opportunity to get food from any restaurant or products from any store for free whenever you wanted, what restaurant or store would it be and why?

Progressive Presidents and Imperialism

Ch. 9 & 10

Define with a Partner

• Imperialism

• Colonialism

• Nationalism

When you are finished, please sit quietly at your desk with your notebook open.

Causes of Imperialism

Cultural Political Economic

Duty to spread Western knowledge and ideas

Religion Culture White Man’s

Burden

source of troops strategic

military location power fear

Resources New markets Pop. Growth Work Control of

materials Trading Technology Industrialization Tourism

Japan

Early Imperialism: Japan Japan: 1850s-1900s• U.S. policy of isolationism

– avoid foreign involvement– facilitated oppositionexpansion

• Japan isolated itself like U.S.• Commodore Perry was sent to

secure “friendship, commerce, a supply of coal and provisions” in 1853– beat European powers to Japan– trade treaty signed in 1858

Early Imperialism: Japan Japan: 1850s-1900s• pro-trade Japanese leaders

– wanted Japan to industrialize

• Meiji Restoration in 1868– time of modernization– investment in industry and military– students in Western schools

• Japan invaded China in 1894– accessed Chinese markets

• Japan fought Russia in 1904– peace treaty signed; respect gained

Hawaii

Hawaii: Pacific Crossroads Hawaii: 1890s• early missionaries and trade• location, religion, tourism,

goods• sugar planters gained

political control in 1887; local worries– McKinley Tariff

economy collapsed– sugar shipped duty-free to US– subsidy to producers

Hawaii: Pacific Crossroads Hawaii: 1890s• Queen Liliuokalani in 1893

– new constitution brings revolt– US Minister calls in Marines to help– American businessmen support– success; planters form new gov.

• U.S. annexed Hawaii in 1898– territory in 1900; state in 1959

50th State

China

Market Central: China China: 1890s-1900s• Chinese Exclusion Act, 1887• 1895 marked weak point

– nation of prey

• spheres of influence– areas of foreign control on

trade and natural resources

• Open Door Policy– equal access to China

• strong resentment felt in China toward foreign influence and presence

Market Central: China China: 1890s-1900s• Boxer Rebellion, 1900

– Chinese nationalists harboring anti-foreign sentiments

– upset with management of the government and social strife

– foreign forces fought against and defeated the Boxers

– China had to pay settlement

• Open Door Policy was reinforced and remained intact for many more years

What is being represented in this political cartoon?

Before you leave…

• Name an example of imperialism from today’s lesson.–answer this

in your notebook

United States and the World

What did Roosevelt do to get his face on Mount Rushmore?

George Washington - the father of our country

Thomas Jefferson - author of the Declaration of Independence

Abraham Lincoln - the “Great Emancipator” who united the country during the Civil War

Teddy Roosevelt BIO• born in New York; sickly baby• lived through his childhood and

became an active young man (hunting, fishing, hiking swimming, boxing)

• eventually graduated from Harvard University

• Asst. Secretary of the Navy under President McKinley

• joined the U.S. Army– “Rough Riders” & the

Spanish-American War

Spanish-American War - 1898

Cuban Theater: June-August• U.S.-Spain relations strained

– naval bases and coaling stations

• U.S. thought Cuba should be free• U.S. sent ships to the Caribbean• USS Maine mysteriously explodes• Spain blamed for this incident and

war is soon declared by the U.S.• American advances leads to

Spanish surrender

Roosevelt and the Spanish-American War

Spanish-American War - 1898

Philippine Theater: May-August

• U.S.-Spain relations strained– naval bases and coaling stations

• U.S. destroyed Spain’s fleet in the Philippines (specifically Manila Bay)

• U.S. sent troops eventually so the islands could be occupied

• Manila was taken by U.S. troops– Filipino rebels also aided

• yellow journalism– exaggeration of stories in order to sell

newspapers (Pulitzer and Hearst)

Treaty of Paris, 1898: Cuba and the Philippines

Cuba• Teller Amendment (1898)

– no U.S. interest in Cuba

• Anti-Imperialist League– Americans against treaty

• U.S. military government– schools, sanitation

• Platt Amendment (1903)– limited Cuba’s ability to make

treaties; US intervention; US naval bases (Guantanamo)

• Was the U.S. right in this?

Philippines• $20 million to Spain• naval, commercial value• Filipino guerilla war• Philippine Government Act

– allowed some gov. control

• full independence will be gained in 1946

• Was the U.S. right in this?

Imperialism: Puerto Rico

Puerto Rico: 1900-1917

• Foraker Act (1900)– PR becomes “unincorporated territory”– not US citizens; import duties

• Insular Cases (1901-03)– “Does the Constitution follow the flag?”– Congress decided rights; duties legal

• Jones Act (1917)– full territorial status given to PR– import duties removed– elect their own local legislators/leaders– PR votes for the House but not the

President

•President McKinley was elected as the 25th President of the United States

•He had selected Teddy Roosevelt as his Vice President to secure more votes

•In 1901, he was shot and killed by an anarchist

SO……

In 1901, Teddy Roosevelt took over as President of the United States

At first, Teddy was not liked at all by many of the current government officials!

Social Reformer• Teddy fought to reform

some of the many problems the industrial revolution had brought to the US business world

• worked on making slaughter houses, textile mills, and other industrial complexes safer for the common man

• established himself as a proponent of conservation

- Gifford Pinchot

Political Strength• Teddy implemented the

idea of arbitration—a formal meeting to talk about and settle disagreements– United Mine Workers

• Teddy also implemented an idea called the Square Deal—his plan for the government to treat everyone fairly– begins the idea of “trust-

busting” (builds reputation)Trustbusting

Roosevelt and Latin America

• Panama Canal (1904-1914)

– diseases; money; dangerous conditions; terrain

– $375 million in 1914 (roughly $8,635,500,000 today)

• Roosevelt Corollary– the U.S. will police

wrongdoings by nations in the Western Hemisphere

Before you leave…

• Explain the impact of imperialism on the local population of colonized nations.–answer this

in your notebook

The White Man’s Burden: What is meant by the term white man’s burden?

Second Term•muckraking refers to “raking up the muck” of society (scandal/corruption)•Pure Food and Drug Act banned the manufacture, sale, or transportation of mislabeled or contaminated food or drugs

– Meat Inspection Act; FDA

•bully pulpit refers to Teddy using his powers to “bully” Congress into getting his way

•Excerpt from The Jungle (1906):“…There would be meat that had tumbled out on the floor, in the dirt and sawdust, where the workers had trampled and spit uncounted billions of germs. There would be meat stored in rooms and thousands of rats would race about it. A man could run his hand over these piles of meat and sweep handfuls of dried rat dung. These rats were nuisances, and packers would put poisoned bread out for them; they would die, and then the rats, bread, and meat would go into the hoppers together…”

“Speak softly and carry a big stick”

In terms of presidential style, Roosevelt introduced "charisma" into the political equation. He had a strong rapport with the public and he understood how to use the media to shape public opinion. He was the first President whose election was based more on the individual than the political party.

Review: Teddy Roosevelt• “Rough Riders” & the Spanish-American War

• Cuba and the Philippines freed from Spain

• Progressive reforms = help the common man– fixed problems from Industrial Revolution; safer

• Square Deal = fair treatment from the gov.– arbitration (disputes) and “trustbusting”

• Panama Canal; “big stick” diplomacy• Roosevelt Corollary = international policeman

• Bully pulpit– muckraking; FDA

Things Up To This Point

• “Animal Countries” Political Cartoon (NB)

• IMPERIALISM Acrostic (NB)

• “White Man’s Burden” Political Cartoon (NB)

• Day 2 – Crossword Puzzle (handout)

• Day 3 – Checkpoint Review (handout)

• Mr. Pratt’s PP&I Questions (handout)– Remember: this is taking the place of the Section

Reviews but you still have to do Vocabulary and Identification for your notebook check on test day

Answer this in your notebook:

• Explain how a tariff works.–Consider:

• Perspective

• Import vs. Export

• Low vs. High Rates

So Who’s Next???

– In 1904 Teddy declares that he won’t run for reelection in 1908

– He hand-selects the next President, his good friend William Howard Taft.

William Howard Taft BIO

• Ohio boy! –born in 1857• Yale graduate; law school• 6 feet tall, 350 pounds• served as a judge in a variety of

courts• handpicked by Roosevelt to

continue his progressive policies• turned out to be a cautious man

– hesitated to use the “bully pulpit”

• tariffs (taxes) and conservation were among his first problems

Taft and Tariff Issues• Taft’s campaign was

based on lower tariffs, but inexperience hurt his efforts in this

• the Payne Bill lowered rates on manufactured goods

• Payne-Aldrich Tariff– lowered many tariffs but

raised others– was called “best bill the

Republican party ever passed”

Taft and Conservation Issues

• Ballinger (Interior) and Pinchot (Forestry Service) ***Department vs. Ministry

• Pinchot discovered Ballinger was going to help friends’ companies mine coal on federally protected land with the promise of kickbacks (business perks) for himself

• Pinchot went to Taft, who ended up allowing the contracts to stand

• Pinchot and Taft argue, ending with Taft firing Pinchot; he goes to press

• animosity developed between Taft and the Progressives, which ultimately resulted in them splitting from the Republican Party

Taft and Latin America

• dollar diplomacy– influence Latin American

governments through economic intervention

• improved financial opportunities for American businesses through the use of private capital

• order and stability abroad promotes America’s commercial interests

Answer this in your notebook:

• If you were running for President in 1912, what issues would you address as part of your agenda in order to get elected?– Consider:

• Role of the US since the Spanish-American War• Issues dealt with by past presidents• Direction in which the country is heading (WW1)

Election of 1912• Four parties nominate candidates in 1912

Progressive Party:

Theodore Roosevelt

Democratic Party:

Woodrow Wilson

Republican Party:

William Howard Taft

Socialist Party:

Eugene V. Debs

The Progressive

Party &Former

President Theodore Roosevelt

The Progressive

Party &Former

President Theodore Roosevelt

People should rise above People should rise above their sectarian interests to their sectarian interests to promote the general good.promote the general good.

In 1912, the Republican Party splits at its convention:Why did they support or oppose Taft?

Progressives:• Bull Moose Party (because

Roosevelt claimed he was “as strong as a bull moose”) and New Nationalism (business)

• Opposed Taft because he signed and defended the Payne-Aldrich Tariff (a weak bill that raised tariffs, but not enough to protect American big business)

• Opposed Taft because he seemed to oppose conservation (Ballinger-Pinchot Affair)

• Opposed Taft because he supported the more conservative members of the republican senate

Conservatives:• Supported Taft because they

opposed progressivism, Teddy Roosevelt’s Square Deal programs and low tariffs

• Supported Taft because he favored big business

The Republican

Party &

President William H.

Taft

The Republican

Party &

President William H.

Taft

The Socialist Party

& Eugene V. Debs

The Socialist Party

& Eugene V. Debs

““The issue is Socialism versus The issue is Socialism versus Capitalism. I am for Socialism Capitalism. I am for Socialism because I am for humanity.”because I am for humanity.”

The Democratic Party &

Governor Woodrow Wilson

(NJ)

The Democratic Party &

Governor Woodrow Wilson

(NJ)

GOP Divided by Bull MooseEquals Democratic Victory!

Wilson Wins in 1912

• The split between Taft and the Progressives hurt the Republican Party

• The Socialist Party wasn’t as strong or popular as the Democrats and Republicans

• The Democrats win by Wilson receiving a majority of the electoral votes

The Mexican RevolutionThe Mexican RevolutionEmiliano ZapataEmiliano Zapata

Francisco I Madero Francisco I Madero

Venustiano Carranza Venustiano Carranza

Porfirio Diaz Porfirio Diaz

Pancho Villa Pancho Villa

Victoriano Huerta Victoriano Huerta

Mexican Revolution – 1910s

• Diaz ruled Mexico for 30 years- few rich; many poor

• Madero overthrew Diaz - Taft supported a stable gov.

- power struggle continued

• Huerta took power and had Madero killed in 1913- Wilson refused to recognize the Huerta regime

• Carranza began a revolt- Wilson claimed he would help establish government if a free election is held; Huerta refuses the offer

Mexican Rev – Continued• Pancho Villa and Zapata help

- led rebels in the north and south

• President Wilson - lifted arms ban to Mexico

- blockaded the Gulf of Mexico

• Carranza, Villa, and Zapata wanted to overthrow Huerta

- they weren’t close allies, though

• U.S. sailors were arrested and a German supply ship incoming

- U.S. troops captured Veracruz to block Huerta from getting supplies

Mexican Rev – Continued• Mexicans angered; tensions high

- ABC powers offered to arbitrate

• fighting forced Huerta to flee - Carranza took over Mexico City and

set up a new government in 1915

- Wilson recognized this government and the troops withdrew by 1916

• Villa and Zapata continued revolts- they turned against the US to gain popular support of the Mexican people

• John J. Pershing sent to fight- chases Villa but doesn’t catch him-Carranza approves constitution in 1917 that brings peace

Mexican Revolution*skip ahead to 2:05*

Answer this in your notebook:

• Identify the causes of the Mexican Revolution of 1910 and its effects on Mexico and the United States.– Consult the graphic organizer on

page 311 to help organize your thoughts

The Results

Open your books…

• 1: Election of 1912

• 2: Wilson in Office and Economic Reforms

• 3: Reforming the Banking Industry

• 4: Regulating Big Business

• 5: Social Policy and Wilson’s Progressivism

*these numbers correspond with Group numbers

What to do today…

• Number off into 5 groupsJigsaw Reading

• Read through pages 277-283– try to have each person read

• Answer the Reading Checks as you go– jot down your group conclusions in notebooks

• Complete the Jigsaweveryone shares– this serves as the notes for the day

• 3-5 bullets of notes on each section; GROUP NOTES

– the video on Wilson will be supplemental

Before you leave…• Considering business

reform, presidential activism, and conservation, compare and contrast Teddy, Taft, and Wilson.– answer this

in your notebook

Things Up To This Point

• Tariff explanation (NB)

• Election of 1912 – Issues (NB)

• Compare Teddy, Taft, and Wilson (NB)

• Day 4 – Crossword Puzzle (handout)

• Day 6 – Checkpoint Review (handout)

• Mr. Pratt’s Progressive Presidents & Imperialism Questions (handout)– Remember: this is taking the place of the Section

Reviews but you still have to do Vocabulary and Identification for your notebook check on test day

Things Up To This Point• Day 2 – IMPERIALISM Acrostic (handout)

• Day 2 – Crossword Puzzle (handout)

• Day 3 – Checkpoint Review (handout)

• Day 4 – Crossword Puzzle (handout)

• Day 6 – Checkpoint Review (handout)

• Mr. Pratt’s Progressive Presidents & Imperialism Questions (handout)– Remember: this is the Section Review but you

still have to do Vocabulary and Identification

• All extra handouts that are completed and turned in together = extra credit.

RISK: Imperialism Edition

RISK: Imperialism Edition• Pull aside 3 students to be Bankers.

• Students number off by 6, then get into those groups and await further instruction.

• Hand out rubrics to every person. This activity is to be taken seriously; a regular essay test can easily be substituted if there is too much fooling around.

• Groups ELECT their Leader, who will then APPOINT his/her Dice, War, and Economic chiefs; any remaining group members will be extra advisors to the chiefs.

RISK: Imperialism Edition

• Once teams have established their Leader and Cabinet, each team is assigned a country and receives its game card. – Teams should carefully read over the card’s

information, as it should be used to form strategy and will be vital to the results of the game.

• Please keep in mind that losing the game does NOT affect your grade.

• When the teams have formed their initial strategy, game play directions will be given.

RISK: Imperialism Edition

• Teams carefully place their Capital in a territory they currently occupy.

• Teams carefully place their Troops anywhere they’d like in their territories. Keep the Mission in mind as you place your troops.

• Resource and Power cards are handed out.

• Team Leaders play Rock, Paper, Scissors to see who gets to make the first move.

• Play begins. A team’s turn can continue as long as it wants and if it has the resources/power.

RISK: Imperialism Edition

• Teams expand by winning dice rolls.– Dice Chiefs roll their dice 3 times and add it up.– the highest sum wins (defends or advances).

• If the aggressor team wins the roll, it moves into that territory (and gains Resources and Power).

• If the aggressor team loses the roll, it remains in the same territory (and loses the Resources and Power it risked to successfully invade).

• Defending teams don’t gain or lose anything.

• Taking your opponent’s capital wins the game.