-
AMMA&S AM@ PETg
o) Yes, l do. l love thern so much l'd like to become azoologist
or an ethologist and l'd like to study animalbehaviou l,.
b) l love animals. ldon't think l could live without them. lhave
a dog, two cats and a budgie.
c) l don't like animats. l am afraid of them, especiallydogs. l
have been afraid of dogs since l was attackedand bitten by the
neighbour's dog when ! was threeyears old. l get frightened
whenever they come runningtowards me, even if they are wagging
their tails.
anmal ['renlmel] - llatzoologist [zulolad3rstJ - zoolgus (llatta
n-tuds)ethologist [ii0oled3rstJ - llati viselkeds kutatstudy
['stndi] - tanulrnnyozbehaviour [bthervje*] - visel kedswthout [wt
aut] - ntktilbudge ['bnd3iJ - torpepapagjbe afraid of ['freld] -
flespecially fi'speJeli] - kl,ilonsenattack [dtrck] - megtmadbite
[balt] - megharapneghbour ['nelbon] - szomszdget frightened
[tfraltend] - megrmtwag [wregJ - csvltail [terl] - farok
a) l have got a lot of favourites, but if l have to pick
onelwouId go for the tiger. l love tigers because they arevery
beautiful, majestic and independent creatures.Their cubs are
absolutety adorable.
b) My favourite animals are horses. They are strong
andintelligent. l love the way they took, smetl and soundand l love
riding them. My favourite breed is theArabian. lt is very graceful.
l enjoy feeding them andgrooming them; even cleaning their stable
is fun forme.
c) l've always loved dogs. l can't irnagine rny tife
withoutthem. They are loyal, and that's why we call them man'sbest
friends. They are adaptable and very intelligent.They are devoted
to the!r owners and protect thernagainst danger. They are clever so
they can easily learnto obey orders, and they can fetch and bring
backba lls.
pick [ptk] - kivlasztgo for - vlasztmajestic [moU3estrk] -
fensgesindependent [,rndlpendantJ - ftigeetlencreature ['kri:ta*J -
lnycub [knb] - kolyokabsoltrtely [,rebse'lu:tli] - teIjesen,
nagyonadorable [aUc:rablJ - imdnivalintelligent [rrttelrd3ent] -
intetl!genslook [lok] - kinzsmell [smel] - illata vansound [satlnd]
- hangja vanbreed [bri:dJ - fajtaArabian [e'rerbien] - arabgraceful
['grelsfo! - kecsesfeed [fi:dJ - etetgroom [grrr:m] - pol, kefleven
['i:ven] - mgstable ['sterblJ - isttlfun [fnn] - szrakozsimagne
[r'mred3lnJ - e!kpzelloyal ['lclel] - hisgesadaptable [oUrepteblJ -
a lka lmazkodbe devoted to [dlvecrtld] - ragaszkodikowne!,
[bt_rna*J - tulajdonosprotect [pra'tekt] - megvddanger [telnd3o*J -
veszlyclever ['kleva*J - okosobey [eu'ber] - engedelmeskedikorder
['c:da*] - parancsfetch tfet] - odahoz, rte megy
155
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20, AtvlMALs ANp Prrs
hdd?
a) l have never had a pet because my parents wouldn'tlet me have
one. l'd like to have a cat. cats are soft,cuddly, loveable and
extremely clean.
b) l have a hamster. Hamsters are cute, playful and veryeasy to
look after. The only problem with them is thatthey easily find ways
to escape from their cages andthen it takes forever to find
them.
c) l have had a lot of pets - hamsters,gulnea pigs andgerbils.
Now l have a little rabbit called Nyusz - she isthe most lovable
pet t have ever had.
pet - kedvenc kisllatlet - engedsoft - puhacuddly ['kndli] -
olelnivalloveable ['lnvebl] - szeretnivalextremely [rk'stri:mli] -
nagyonhamster ['hremste*] - horcsogcute [kju:t] - aranyosplayful
['plerfel] - jtkoslook after [b:fto*] - gondozway lwetJ - mde cape
[r'skerp] - elmeneklcage [keld3J - ketrecit takes forever [fdreve*]
- orokk tartgunea pig ['grni plg] - tengerimalacgerbil [\l3s:bel] -
futegrrabbit ['raebrtJ - ny l
Why?
l think dogs make the best pets. They are great fun. Theynever
let you down. lf you treat them with love you willhave a friend for
life. They can be trained to protect ourhomes, and they can be
taught to do amusing tricks.However, taking care of dogs is not
easy. you have tofeed them, train them, and walk them every day.
Theymust be bathed and groomed regutarly. But it is worthit. l have
a Golden Retriever, caIIed Rocky. t love beingwith him and he loves
being with me. He wakes me upevery morning by licking my face.
Definitely cats. They are very clean, they take careof
themselves. They are easy to house-train. Theydon't pee in the
house, but in a litter box. They helpkeep you calm: stroking a cat
is good for our health.No one can resist a purring cat. l have two
cats. sziszihas a white belIy and her feet are white, too.
charliehas golden and brown stripes. when l am unhappy, Istroke
them, cuddle them and then I feet much better.They love to play
with their toys and relax on the sofawith me. They love to chase
balls and feathers, orjust about anything dangling from a string.
They tendto disappear mysteriously, especialty at night,
butfortunately, they always come back.
make the best pet - a legjobb kisllatlet so down -
cserbenhagy
treat [tri:tJ - kezel, bnik veletrain [treln] -tant,
betantamusins [dmJu:zlg] - szrakoztattrick - trkktake care of
[kee*] - gondozbath [bc:O] - ftirdetit is worth [ws:OJ -
megriGolden Retrever [,gaulden rltri:va*J - golden retriever
kutyafajtawake [welkJ - felbresztlick [ltk] - megnyaldefi nitely
['deflnatli] - hat rozottanhouse-tran ['haostrernJ -
szobatisztasgra szoktatpee [pi:] - pisillitter box ['lrta*] -
alomdoboz / macskavccalm [ko:lm] - nyugodtstroke [streokJ -
simogathealth [helO] - egszsgresist [rlzrstJ - ellenllpurr [ps:] -
dorombolbelly [tbeliJ - hasgolden ['gauldan] - aranystripe [strarp]
- cskcuddle ['kndl] - megolelgetrelax [rtlreksJ - pihenchase
[t"[ets] - kergetfeather ['fe a*] - tolldanglns ['ddet]glrrl] -
fityegstrng [strrr3J - madzagtend - hajlamosdisappear [,drsdple*J -
elt nikmysteriou sly [nrlstreriesl i] - tito kzatosa nfortu nately
['fc: tJenetli] - sze rencs re
country?
l don't know, but l think dogs, cats, hamsters andguinea pigs
are the most popular pets.
popular ['popjula*] - npszer
There are lots of reasons why people keep pets. petskeep you
company and give unconditional love. Theymight even comfort you
when you are sad. They aregood listeners. And dogs, for example,
keep you fit,as you have to take them for a walk every day.
petsalso provide opportunities to meet new people.you can make
friends while walking around in theneighbourhood or taking part in
competitions.unfortunately, some people buy pets to took cooland to
impress other people. For them a pet is only astatus sym bol.
reason ['ri:zsn] - okkeep company ['knmpeni] - trsasgot ny
jtuncondtional [,nnkenudenol] - felttel nlktilicomfort ['knmfot] -
vigaszt ny jtlistener ['ltsener'J - ha llgatsgkeep so fit - edzsben
tartprovide [pra'vard] - biztost, ny jt
a)
b)
156
-
opportunity [,npe'tju:neti] - lehet sgneighbourhood ['nerbahud]
- korny ktake part - rsztveszcompetition [, kanrpdtrJen] - ve rse
nylook cool [ktr:l] - rnen nek nz kiimpress [tnr'pres] - leny
gzstatus symbol ['stettes,stnrbal] - sttusszimblum
Although pets can bring lots of happiness to our lives,keeping a
pet involves many responsibilities. you haveto train your pets, and
clean up after them. lt is a lotof work. keeping a pet is not cheap
either. you have tofeed it, and you need to buy the necessary
equipment- collars, cages, litter boxes, muzzles, bowls, toys
etc.pets need veterinary care: for example they have toget their
annual shots.
You can't always take your pet wlth you when you goon holiday
and it is difficult to find someone suitableto look after your pet
or suitable kennels where youcan leave your pet to be taken care of
while you areaWay.
although [c:l' etl] - brdisadvantage [,dtsed'va:nttd3] -
htrnyhappiness ['hreprnas] - boldogsginvolve [rrfvclv] - magban
foglalresponsibility [rt,sponslbrlrtiJ - felel ssgcheap [tJi:pJ -
olcsnot .". either [tar e*] - semnecessary ['nessseri] -
szksgesequpment [rk'wlpment] - feIsze relscollar ['kole*] -
nyakorvmuzzle ['mnzl] - szjkosrbowl [beol] - tlveternary care
['vetertneri] - llatorvosi elltsannual ['rnjuel] - vesshot [Jot] -
oltssuitable ['sju:tabll - alkalmaskennels ['kenelz] -
kutyapanzi
lthink children can learn a lot of things by having a pet.They
can learn responsibility, patience and empathy.They can also learn
how to take care of and took aftera living creature.
patience ['pedens] - ttirelemempathy ['empe0i] - belerzs,
egyrittrzslvng creature ['kri:to*] - l lny
a) l have got a dog. I feed him once a day in the evening,but l
regularly fill up his water bowl. l take him for awalk three times
a day. After school we spend at leastan hour together playing in
the park. l brush his coatto untangle the knots every day. l give
him a bath oncea month. ltake him to the vet for regular
check-ups.
20, AtuIMALs AND PETs
b) l have got a hamster. I feed her apples, nuts, bananasand
vegetables. l regularly give her fresh water. l cleanher cage and
change the bedding every day. l play withher every day. She loves
getting a new toy.
fill up - feltoltbrush [brnj] - kefluntangle [nrftreOgl] -
kibontknot [not] - csomcheck-up - orvosi vizsglatbedding ['bedr1] -
alom
p| Can you keep d dog f you live n a Iat?a) ln my opinion, we
should not keep a dog if we live in
a flat. Dogs need lots of space to run around. If theydon't have
enough space to play, they feel trappedand they may become
aggressive and destructive.
b) Dogs are pack animals, social creatures" They belonginside
with their "pack." They need to be cared for andloved. They love
spending time with their family. Theymay get lonely outside. But if
you keep them inside,you have to take them out for walks several
timesa day and you mustn't leave them alone for a longtime.
opinion [e'plnjanJ - vlemnyspace [spels] - trtrap [trrep] -
csapdba ejtaggressive [a'gresrv] - aggresszvdestructive
[dlstrnktlvJ - krt okoz, rombolpack lprek] - falkasocial ['saoJel]
- trsasbelong [brloa] - tartoziklonely ['launliJ - magnyos
E What rules ao ioyour dog?
whenever you are waIking your dog in public you mustkeep it on a
lead. Don't allow it to jump on peopte orother animals. Don't allow
it to put his front paws onothers, even it is just playing,
especially if its paws aredirty or muddy. Don't let it attack or
snarl at people.you can allow your dog to run free in sign-posted
off-the-leash areas. Don't walk your dog in parks or areaswith a
sign saying 'No Dogs Allowed'.No one likes to step in dog poop.
clean up afteryour dog: pick up its waste. you can use
speciatbiodegradable dog poop bags. Dispose of the bag inone of the
bins in the street.
Aggressive dogs must be m uzzled in public. you haveto muzzle
your dog if you travel by public transport.
rule [ru:l] - szablyfollow ['folou] - kovet, betartin publc
['pnbltk] - nyilvnos helyenlead[li:d] -p rzallow [e'lar"r] -
engedpaw [pc:J - mancsmuddy ['mndi] - sros
L57
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20. Antnnals AND PETS
snarl [sno:rl] - megmorog, rvicsortsign-poted ['sarnpeostrd] -
kit blzottoff-the-leash [li:fl - prz nlklarea ['eerto*] -
terletslgn [satn] - tblastep - belelppoop [pu:p]- rlkbiodegradable
[,bareudr'greldrbl] - lebomlbln - szemetes
pet7
One of my neighbours has a tarantula. lt is a large andhairy
arthropod. lt is venomous, but it will bite onlyif it feels
threatened. My neighbour says it is easy totake care of a
tarantula, and it takes up only a littlespace,
Although his tarantula is really beautiful and l oftenwatch it
for hours, l think it is unfair to keep exoticanimals in the home.
lthink they should be left in theirnatural habitat.
own [ectn] - van nekiunusual [nn'ju:3uel] - szokatlantarantula
[te'rentjr_rle*] - tarantellapkhairy ['heari] - szrsarthropod
[b:Orepod] - zeltlbvenomous ['venemes] - mrgesthreatened ['0retend]
- fenyegetetttake up - elfoglalunfair [,rrifee*] - nem helyes,
mltnytalanexotic fg'zotrk] - egzotikusnatural habitat
[,nrctJeral'habltat] - termszetes lhely
o) l am afraid of dogs, l was bitten by our neighbour's dogwhen
l was two years old, l have been afraid of dogssince then.
b) l am scared of spiders. l feel almost paralysed if l seea
spider. l often imagine that l see spiders, even whenthere aren't
any. l start screaming when l see one. lknow it's crazy but when
the fear takes over, l can'tthink straight, Just thinking about
them gives megoosebumps. l know that most of them are harmless,but
for me they are s|mply disgusting and frightening.
c) l am afraid of bees and wasps because l am allergic totheir
stings.
be scared of ['skead] - flspider ['spalde*] - pkbe paralysed
['perelaIzd] - lebnulscream [skri:nr] - siktcrazy ['krerzi] -
rltfear [ie*] - flelemthink straight [strert] - tisztn
gondolkozikgoosebumps [!u:sbnmps] - libabrharmless ['ho:mles] -
rtalmatlansmply ['slmpli] - egyszerendisgusting [dIs'girstrg] - u
ndortfrightening ['frartenrg] - fle lmetes
158
bee tbi:] - mhwa p[wnsp] *darzsbe allergic to [a*le:d3rk] *
allergissting [st,q] * csps, fullnk
a) yes, l have. My grandparent tive in the country andthey have
a lot of animals. They have a pigsty with twopigs and in the yard
they have a chieken coop wherechickens lay their eggs. They also
have ducks, geeseand turkeys. They used to have cows in the barn,
butthey sold them a few year ago.
b) No, lhaven't, but lhave een farm animals in thezoo. you can
see farm animals native to Hungary inBudppest ZoQ. There are
spotted cattle, waltow-bellied woolly pig , sheep and horses in the
barns.
pigsty ['prgstal] - disznlyard [ja:ct] - udvarcoop Iku:p] -
tyrikketreclay an egg [lelJ - tojst tojduck [dnk] - kacsagoo e,
geese [gu:s, gi:s] - libaturkey ['ts:ki] - pulykacow [kauJ -
tehnbarn [bo:nJ - pajtanative [tneltrv] - honosspotted cattle
[,spotld 'kretl] - magyar tarka szarvasmarhaswallow-bellied woolly
pig ['swoleclbelrd'wcrli]
- mangalicasheep [Ji:p] - juh
tme you went to a zoo?yes, l have. The last time l went to the
zoo was aboutthree months ago. our biology teacher organised atrip
to Budapest Zao.
zoo [zu:J - llatkertbiology [batoledsiJ - biolgiaorganise [b:g
anatzf- szerveztrip - utazs, kirnduls
often do you vst that zoo? How much does t cost toget in?
a) The nearest zoo is in veszprm. t love going to,the zooso we
go there at least four or five times a year. Ticketsare quite
expensive, but you can buy an annuat seasonticket.
b) The nearest zoo is in Budapest. l love animals so Ivisit the
zao regularly. l have also adopted an animal- Jonas, the giraffe.
Anyone can adopt an animal inBudapest zoo and thus contribute to
the animal'sfeeding and care. ln return for your donation you get
apersonalised adoption certificate and two free ticketsto visit
your adopted animal twice a year, when thereare Adopters'
Meetings.
-
at least [li:stJ - legaIbbquite [tkwalt] - elgexp n ive
[lk'spenslvJ - drgaannual ['rcryuel] - vesea on ticket [,si:zn
'trkrt] - brlet
adopt [a'dopt] - orokbe fogadthusIns] -gycontribute
Ikarr'trrbjrr:t] - hozzj rulin return for [rlts:n] -
viszonzskppendonation [deo'nelenJ - adomnypersonalised
['pe:senolarzd] - szemlyre szladoption [otop"[an] - o rokbefoga d
scertificate [sdtlfrkot] - oklevladopter [e'ctopto*l - orokbefoga
d
pl ls it rght to keep anmals n d zoo?a) ln my opinion, there is
nothing wrong with keeping
animals in zoos, There are a lot of endangered species.lf they
are kept and bred in zoos they can be protectedand saved. Anirnals
in captivity live longer as they getthe necessary care and the
right food. lf they get sickor injured they get the necessary
treatment.
Another reason why l think zoos are useful is thatvisitors can
see animals from all over the world. Theycan study them without
travelling to distant countries.They can learn a lot about their
lives, habits andbehaviou r.
b) Ithink keeping anirnals in zoos is cruel" Anirnals kept
inzoos are taken from their natural habitats and put incages. Their
cages and enclosures are far too small, sothey don't have enough
space and they are deprivedof their freedom. l think animals should
be left in theirnatural habitat.
endangered [rnUelnd3ecl] - veszlyeztetettspeces ['spi:Jes] -
fajbreed [bri:dJ - tenysztcaptivity [kredtrvrti] - fogsgsick -
beteginjured ['rnd3ed] - srtilttreatment ['tri:tmant] -
kezelsvisitor ['vtztte*] - ltogatdistant ['drstant] - tvolihabt
['hrebrt] - szokscruel [tkru:alJ - kegyetlenenclosure [rrtklao3e*]
- kortilkertett helydeprive [dfprarv] - megfosztfreedom ['fri:dam]
- szabadsg
W Do you know about any endangered speces?Are there qny
endangered speces n your country?
There are many endangered species in the world. l'veread
somewhere that there are about 5,000 of themand at least one
species dies out every year. Since 1600about 500 species of animals
have become extinct,including the dodo and the tarpan. There are
manyendangered species today, such as the Siberian Tiger,the
Mountain Gorilla, the Blue Whale or the Black-
20. ArulMALs AND PETs
Footed Ferret. (www.ypte.org.uk/environmental/enda ngered-a ni
ma ls.of.the.worId/24)
There are many endangered and protected speeies inHungary too,
for example the black stork, the blackeagle, the wolf, the lynx,
the Hungarian meadow viperand others.
die out [da,] - kihalextinct [rk'stlr3ktJ - kihaltdodo
['cleudou] - dodtarpan ['tc:panJ - eurpai vadlhorseshoe ['ho:su:J -
patkbat [bret] - denevriberan [sartbrarien] - szibriai
Mountain Gorilla ['rnactnttn gdrllal - hegyi gorillawhale [wetl]
- blnablack-footed [,blrck'ft-rtldJ - feketel brjferret ['ferrt] -
menyt, gornystork [stc:kJ - glyaeagle ['i:glJ - saswolf [wul|J -
farkaslynx [lrlks] - hirjzmeadow viper [,medeu'valpet] - parlagi
vipera
W Can we do anythng to protect endangeredspeces?
We should preserve their natural habitat; we shouldn'tdestroy
the rainforests, for example" When we hike inforests we should
leave flCIwers, plants or bird's eggswhere we find them, w shotlld
follow fire regulationsand take our rubbish home. we can volunteer
toremove rubbish from oL!r forests, fields and parks. Wecan help
endangered birds by building birdhouses forthem and feeding them.
We shouId ban over-hunting.
preserve [prfzs:v] - meg rizdestroy [dtstrcl] -
lerombolrainforest ['retnforlst] - es erdhike[hatk] -t
rzikregulation [,regju'lerfan] - szablyozsrubbsh [trnbd] -
szemtvolunteer [,volarftle*] - onkntesnek jelentkezikremove
[rlmu:v] - eltvoltfield [fi:ld] - mezover-hunting [,eove'hnntrq] -
t lvadszat
@l Do you thnk people should buy and wedr urcoats?
a) l don't think people should wear animal furs. KiIIing
ananimal for its fur is cruel and unnecessary as we canbuy and wear
fake furs.
b) lf it's okay to eat animals and wear their skins in theform
of leather jackets and leather shoes, it is alsoa lright to wea r
fu rs.
fur [fsJ - bundaunnecessary [nrfneseseri] - szti ksgtelenfake
fur [ferk] - m sz rmeskin-b rin the form of - formj ba nleather
['leo*] - br (feldolgozott)
159
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ffi*.
20. ArulMAts ANo Prrs
ToPlc_BAsED MINl DICTIoNARYHzi kedvencek - Petsa ra nyha l -
goldfi sh ['gacrldflj]botsska * stick insect
[-strklnsektJcsincsilla - chinchilla [tJrrrtJrleJfutegr - gerbil
[U3s:bal]gyk - lizard [tlrzod]hal - fish [fd]horcsog - hamster
['hremsta*JhtiIl - reptile ['reptarl]kanri - canary [kdneari]kgy -
snake [snerk]kutya / kutyakolyok - dog / puppy [dos / .pnpi]l -
horse [hc:s]macska / kiscica - cat / kitten [krct /.krten]ny
l-rabbit['rreblt]papagj - parrot ['prerat]pni - pony
['pacrni]tarajos g te - newt [nju:t]tarantella pk - tarantula
[te'rrentjtlla*]tekn s/tengeri tekn s-tortoise/turtle ['tc:tas /
ts:tl]tengerima|ac - guinea pig ['grni prgJtorpepapagj - budgie /
budgerigar ['bnd3i, 'bnd3erigo:]trpusi hal - tropical fish
['troplkelJllati testrs.etagancs - antler ['rentla*]agyar - tusk
[tnsk]bajusz (macska) - whiskers ['wrskez]cs r-beak[bi:k]farok -
tail [terl]kagyl - shell [Jel]kar (polip} - tentacle
['tentekl]karom - claw / talon [klc:, 'ttelan]kopolty - gill
lgrlJmancs - paw [pc]oll (rk) - pincers ['plnsoz]orrnny - trunk
[trnr3kJpata - hool hooves [hu:|Jpikkely - scale [skerl]sorny (l,
oroszln} - mane [meln]
160
szrny - wing [wrr3Jszarv - horn [hc:n]uszony - fin [fin]
akvrium - aquarium /fishbowl/ tank [dkweeriam, ,fiJbar_rl,
tre'kJ
alom - bedding ['bedr1]alomdoboz l macskavc - litterbox
['hteboks]azonost bilta - lD tag [,al.di: tregJbolha ellen vd
nyakorv - flea cotlar tfli:]etet - feed, fed, fed [fi:d, fed]etet
tl - food dish ['ftr:d dI]fs - comb [kat;m]hullajtja a sz rt - lose
/ shed hair [lrr:z]ivartalant - sterilize ['ste nlatz!jtkszer - toy
ltcrJjutalomfalatot adni - give them a treat for good behaviour
[tri:t, bthervjat]kalitka, ketrec - cage [keld3]kefe - brush
[brnJ]kikpez - train [treln]konzerv kutyaeledel - canned dog food
['krcnd]kosr - basket ['bo:sklt]kutyahz - kennel l doghouse
[.kenel]kutyatirl.ilk zacsk - waste removal / poop bag [rtmu:val,
pu:pJlenyr, rovidre vg - trim [trm]mikrochipet tetet be - have your
dog microchipped [,ma*retJrpt]nyakorv - collar [tkole*]olts - shots
lotsJprna - cushion ['kuJen]prz- leash / lead [li:J / Ii:dJsimogat
- stroke [stret_lk]szabadon enged - let off the leash to run free
tli:]szjkosr - muzzle [tmnzlJszraz kutyaeledel - dried dog food
[Urard]szobatisztasgra nevel - housetrain ['haustrernJtakar -
blanket ['blrejkrtJte rr riu m - terra rium [te'reeriem]torzskonyv
- pedigree ['pedrgri:]ttizel - be on heat [hi:t]veszettsg elleni
olts - rabies shot ['relbi:z]vizestl - water bowl [beul]
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WffiTHERAM@ @&IMATE
are the r cha racte ristics?
climates can be classified into five main groups: tropical,dry,
humid middle latitude, continentat, and polar.These groups can
further be divided into subtypeswith more specific characteristic
features; subtypesinclude subtropical, steppe, desert,
Mediterranean,oceanic, rainforest, monsoon, subarctic, tundra
orpolar ice cap. The characteristics of the five mainclimates are
the following: The tropical climate hasvery high temperatures all
year round; all monthshave average temperatures above t8" cetsius,
and avery large amount of rain. ln dry climates there is verylittle
rain and a huge daily temperature range. HumidMiddle Latitude
climates have warm, dry summersand cool, wet, mild winters.
continental climates areusually found inland, with warmer summers
and colderWinterS. ln Polar clirnate permanent ice and tundra
arealways present.
clmate [tklarmotJ - ghajlatcharacteristic [,krerakto'rrstlkJ -
jelle mzclassify ['kl.tsrfar] - osztlyozmain [mern] -ftropical
['troprkl] - trpusidry [drar] - szrazhumd mddle latitude
[hjtr:mtd,mtdl'lretrtju:dJ - nedves
kozp-sz lessgicontinental
[, kontlnentl] - sz ra zfo t d i/ko nti ne nt l ispolar ice cap
[,peulor'als kirp] - sarkvidkifurther ['fs: e*J - tovbbdivide into
[dtvardJ - felosztsubtype ['snbtatp] - altpusspecfic [spdslflk] -
jellegzete , jetlemz
subtropical [,snb'troprkl] - szubtrpusisteppe [step] -
sztyeppedesert [UezatJ - sivatagiM editerranea n [,medr tdretnien]
- fold kozi -tengerioceanic [,auJi'renrk] - cenirain forest
['relnforlstJ - es erd imonsoon [,morttsu:nJ - monszunsubarctic
[,snbb:ktlk] - az szaki sarkvidk s a mrskelt
gov kcizottitundra ['tnndre] - tundratemperature ['temprete*J -
h mrskletaverage ['revarld3J - tlagCelsius ['selsias] -
Celsiuslarge amount of rain [la:d3 a'maont ev,relnJ - nagy
mennyisg estemperature range ['temprete* relnd3] - h
mrsktet-
kti lonbsgbe situated ['srtfueltid] - elhelyezkedikinland
[,rrr'lrenct] - bels , belfoldpermanent ['pa:menent] - llandbe
present ['prezntl- jelen van
Hungary has a temperate continental climate that isinfluenced by
the Mediterranean sea and the Attanticocean. winters are cold,
cloudy and windy; the coldestmonths are January and February, with
a lot of snow.summers are sometimes very dry and hot; JuIy
andAugust are the hottest months.
temperate ['temperet] - meleg mrskeltinfluence ['mflusns] -
befolysolMediterranean Sea [,medrtdrernien si:] -
Foldkozi-tengerAtlantic ocean [ot'leentik,eoJnJ - AtIanti-cencloudy
['klaodiJ - felh s
161
-
2L WrarHER AND ctlMATE
windy ['wlndi] - szelesdry [drar] - szraz
r What sort of clmate would you lke to live n?a) As l really
like sunshine and hot weather, l would like to
live in a Mediterranean climate, like the one in Greeceor
Turkey. ln summer l like dry, hot days and gentlebreezes, with cool
evenings, Since l don't like snow, lprefer mild winters that are
rainy.
b) l'm satisfied with the climate in Hungary, I like havingfour
seasons, because every season has its ownpleasant feature for me.
However, sometimes l'm fedup with rain and wind, because l hate
getting wet.
sunshine ['snnfarn] - napstitsGreece [gri:s] - GorogorszgTurkey
['ta:ki] - Torokorszggentle [t3entl] - leybreeze [bri:z)- szell ,
szlprefer [prtfe:*] - vlasztmiid [marld] - enyherany ['rerni] - es
sbe satisfied with ['setlsfaldJ - elgedett valamivelown [eon] -
sajtpleasant ['pleznt] - kellemesfeature ['fi :tJa#l -
jellegzetessghowever [,lrau'eve*] - azonbanbe fed up with [,fedhp
wl ] - torkig van vmivelhate [hert] - utlget wet [get 'wet] -
megzik
p! What s the weather lke n Hungary n dIferentseasons? What's
the average temperature? Whchmonth gets the most ran?
The country has a continental climate, and as a result,winters
are usually cold, windy and very humid withsnowfall. The average
temperature is 0 to -15 oC.ln spring the weather is really
unpredictable andchangeable, sometimes very warm and
sunny,sometimes cool and windy with a lot of rain. Summersare dry
and hot, with a lot of sunshine. The averagedaytime temperature in
the summer is 23-27 oC,sometimes higher, 30"C or more. Autumns are
usuallycool, foggy and rainy, but there are some weeks atthe
beginning of autumn when the weather is verypleasant, with a lot of
sunshine and warm breezes.The average yearly rainfall is
approximately 600millimetres; November is one of the rainiest
months.
as a result [rtznlt] - ennek eredmnyekppenhumid ['trjtr:mtdJ -
nyirkos, nedvessnowfall ['snecrflc:l] - hessaverage ['rvartd3J -
tlagosunpredictable [,nnprrUlktebl] - megjsolhatatlanchangeable
["tJelnd3ebl] - v ltozko nyfoggy [tfoEi] - kodosrainfall
['retnfc:l] - csa padk(mennyisg}approximately [e'proksrmatli] -
kortilbell, megkozelt leg
I What's the weather like today?a) Today it's bitterly cold; the
temperature is 2l"C below
zero. lt's an unbearable winter day with a strong windand a
heavily overcast sky.
lt's a very pleasant spring day today. There's a lot ofsunshine,
the sky is clear and blue, a gentle breeze isblowing from the west
and the temperature is idealfor walking or gardening.
lt's scorching hot today. l think a heat wave has reachedour
country. l heard on the radio that everybody isadvised to stay
indoors and drink a lot.
d) Today is a really nasty autumn day with rain and astrong
north wind. The temperature is 7 nC, but it feelsmuch colder
because of the wind.
bitterly cold ['blteli] - metsz n hidegbelow zero [b1,leu
'zloreu] - fagypont alattiunbearable [nrr'beareblJ -
elviselhetetlenovercast [,eove'ko:st] - felh s, borultideal for
walking/gardening [atdi:el] - idelis (sthozl
ke rtszkedshez)scorching hot [tskc:tJrt]] - perzsel en forrheat
wave ['hi:twelv] - h hullmadvse [od'valz] - ajnl, tancsolindoors
[,rn'dc:zJ - otthon, a hzbannasty ['no:sti:J - ronda, utlatosstrong
(wnd} [strog] - er s szl
l Do you know any specal tradtons assocatedwith dfferent seasons
n Hungary?
To tell the truth, l'm not very interested in traditions,but l
can rnention two things that are associated withseasons. The first
one takes place in Mohcs, in thesouthern part of Hungary every
February, and it'scalled the Busjrs. At that event local people
dressup in woolly costumes, with scary masks and make afrightening
noise. They want to bury the winter andthey also commemorate the
defeat of Ottomans inthe ].3th century. The other tradition takes
place inautuffif,, it's grape-harvesting, and that's not a
localtradition, everywhere in the country people
havegrape-harvesting festivals where they wear traditionalHungarian
folk costumes and celebrate the new winewith dance and music.
tradition [tre'drJn] - hasyomnyassocate [a'seuJiert] - trst,
kapcsolatban vanevent[t'vent] -e emnylocal ['ler_rklJ - helyidress
up [,dreshp] - feloltozikwoolly ['wr-rli] - gyapjcostume
['kostju:mJ - jeImezscary ['skeeriJ - ijesztmask [mc:sk] - maszk,
larcfrightening ['frartnlj] - rmisztnoise [nctz] - zajbury ['beri]
- eltemetcommemorate [kaimemerert] - mege mlkezikdefeat [drfi:t] -
legy zsOttoman ['otemenJ - torok
b)
c)
$,t}iIl
fifriiii:iiililj|*i!l;'
Iiiliiii!i:iiiiliiil
titilffi
$lflj
s{tsFffilsii{ffit
-
century ['sentJari] - szzadgrape harvesting [grerPho:vrstlnJ -
sztiret (sz l )festival ['festrvl] - tjnnepsgfolk costume
['farrk,kostju:nrJ - npviseletcelebrate ['seltbrertJ * rjnnepel
a) My favourite season is spring. After the cold and darkwinter
days l always become very happy when the firstspring flowers start
to blossom and we have longerdays with a lgt of sunshine. The
weather in spring isideal for walkiflg, hiking and just sitting in
the gardenand l really like doing these things.
b) As l'm mad about skiing, winter is my favourite season.l like
snow very much and whenever l can, l go skiingeither with my family
or my friends. usually we go toslovakia for the weekends or to
Austria or slovenia fora week.
c) My favourite spare-time activities are sunbathing
andwindsurfing, so the best season for me is summer. lalso l!ke
this season because there is no school for twomonths.
d) I like autumn when the trees become colourful andthere're a
lot of beautiful fallen leaves ln the forests.l often go hiking
with my friends and l enjoy thewonderful view of the hills.
blossom ['blosam] - virgzik, kiviru lhiking ['harklqJ -t rzikbe
mad about [mred e'baotJ - meg rril valam!rteither ... o .., ['aI
at, 'i: e*J [c:*] - Vagy ... Vagy ...pare time [speaxttarm] -
szabadid
sunbathing ['snnbel rry] - napozswindsurfi ng ['wlndss:fig] -
szorfozs
a) The season t really hate is autumn. There are severalreasons
for my dislike. First of all, the school year startsin september
and l don't like school at all. secondly,l don't like chilly and
damp weather with rain, soautumn is my pet hate with its rainy
days. Last but notleast, the days get darker and darker, the teaves
faltfrom the trees and everything starts to perish.
b) ln recent years there have been roasting hot days
withunbearable sunshine in summer, so l don't like thisseason at
all. l would like to live in a country wheresummers are a bit
cooler.
c) As ldon't like snow, ice and slushy streets in the
city,winter is the season I like the least.
dslke [dls'lark] - utlatchilly ['tfili] - h vos, hideg,
bartsgtalandamp [dremp] - nyirkospet hate [pet 'hert] - legutltabb
dologperish ['perrJ] - elmrilikroasting hot ['reustlJ] - perzsel en
forrslushy lslntJ - lucskos
2I,. WrnrHER AND cLIMATE
weather?
There are everal way of getting information aboutthe weather.
There' a weather forecast on televisionafter every news programme,
you can listen to aweather forecast every hour on the radio, you
can alsoask your mobile cornpany to send you text messagesevery day
about the weather, you can read weatherreports in daily newspapers
and you can visit differentwebsites on the lnternet that can give
you accurateinformation on the weather condition in
particularplaces,
weather forecast ['we a* ,fc:ko:sq * ad jrs-jelentsweather
report ['we e* rt,pc:t] - id jrs-jelentsdaily new paper
[,derli'nju:zpelpa*J - napilapaccurate ["inkjerot] *
pontoscondition [kan'dln] - llapot, helyzetparticular [pe'trkjalo*]
* konkrt, egyedi
your cty on the lnternet?a) Yes, l have: actually l check it
every day, because l like
going to school by bike, so l want to know what theweather will
be like the next day.
b) yes, l have: once or twice a month l go hiking withmy family
or friends and I always check the weatherbefore that.
reports?
a) l always try to check the weather for the next day and lplan
my day accordingly. l also try to get dressed basedon the weather
reports.
b) l don't depend on the weather reports at att, l nevercheck
the weather and l'm not interested in weatherforecasts. ljust look
out of the window and that's al!.
depend on [dtpend Dn] - ftigg valamit lplan [plren] -
tervezaccordingly [e*kc:dl]liJ - megfelel enbased on [berst on] -
alapjn
chdnge your plans?
a) l don't think we can believe in weather forecasts 100%,so l
would not change my plans based on them.
b) lf l plan an outdoor programrne and the weatherforecast says
there will be a lot of rain or storffis, Ialways change my plans
and do something else.
believe n [btli:v rn] - hinni valamibenoutdoor ['aot,dc:*] -
szabadtri
163
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2I', WrnrHER AND cLIMATE
condtons in advance?
First of all, there are some very simple, practicalreasons: for
exampl , you can plan what to wear, orwhat kind of programmes to
have for the day. Anothervery important factor is that people can
prepare forextreme weather conditions and natural disasters,
likehurricanes, tornadoes, typhoons, or floods.
practical ['prrekttkl] - gya ko rlatirea on ['ri:znJ - okfactor
['fiekte*J - tnyezprepare [prtpee*] - felksztjl, el kszrilextreme
[rk'stri:m] - szls sgesnatural dsaster [,nietJral dlzo:ste*] -
termszeti
katasztrfahurricane ['hnrrkon] - hurrikn, forgszttornado
[tclneldeu] - torndtyphoon [taffrr:nJ - tjfun, forgszlflood [flnd]
- rads
natural disasters?
Many natural disasters are related to the weather.Floods happen
after heavy rains or when snow meltstoo fast. Hurricanes are
serious tropicaI storms thatgather heat and energyfrom seawater.
Tornadoes comefrom violent thunderstorms and they are
rotating,funnel-shaped clouds. Typhoons are powerful tropicalstorms
with very strong winds. Thunderstorms arevery dangerous as well;
lightning kills several peopleevery year. ln some parts of the
world winter storms,blizzards and heavy snowfall cause natural
disasters.
relationship [rtle{nJrp] - ka pcsotatrelated to [rtlertrd te] -
kapcsolatos, kothetmelt [melt] - olvadserious ['steries] -
komolygather ['ge e*J - syl:jtheat [hi:t] - henergy ['ened3i] -
energiaseawater ['si:wc:te*] - tengervzviolent ['valelent] - durva,
heves, er sthunderstorm ['0nndastc:m] - mennydorgs, viharrotating
[reu'teltrrt] - forg, porgfunnel-shaped ['fnnl,JeIptJ -
totcsralaklightning ['lartnllJ - villmlsblizzard ['blrzod] -
hviharcau e[kc:zJ -okoz
which are caused by weather?yes, there are, but luckily, they
are not so severe asin other parts of the world. Fiooding is a
threat everyyear when the snow melts, but fortunatety, it
doesn'tclaim human lives. Thunderstorms and hail are quitefrequent
in the summer and they sometimes damagepeople's houses.
severe [slvre*J - kemny, stilyosthreat [0ret] - veszly,
fenyegetsclaim [klelrn] - kovetelhuman lives [,hju:marr'lalvzJ -
emberi letekhal [hetlJ - jgesfrequent ['fri:kwent] - gyakoridamage
[trenrrd3] - megrongl
If so what do you thnk s cdusng these changes? Doyou thnk thdt n
recent years we have been losngour four dstnct seasons?yes, l think
weather patterns are changing. There aretwo reasons for it: one of
them is global warming andthe other one is climate change. Experts
often warnpeople of these changes: that the Earth is gettingwarmer
and warmer and the polar ice caps are melting.We are definitely
losing our four distinct seasons. lf welook back over the past few
years, we can say that wedidn't have real spring seasons, because
in April andMay we have temperatures as high as 23-27 "C, whichwe
used to have only in summer.
weather patterns ['we o*,pret nzl - id j rsi rendszerekdistinct
[dtstrgkt] - vilgosan megkrilonboztethetrea on ['ri:zn] - okglobal
warming [,glaubl'wc:mlrJ] - globtis felmelegedsclimate change
['klalmet tJemds] - klmavltozsexpert ['eksps:t] - szakrtwarn [wc:n]
- figyelmeztetdefi ntely [tefinetliJ - ktsgkvtil, hatrozottan
people feel? Are you affected by the weather?people are often
affected by the weather in manydifferent ways. Just to give some
examples, l'd startwith the changes in air pressure, because they
cancause changes in our attention and short term memoryfunctions.
lt can become very hard to study, work orconcentrate when
atmospheric pressure changes. Thenext feature is temperature,
because our body finds ithard to cope with extreme temperatures,
especialtywhen it's hot for a very long period of time.
Anotherfactor affecting us is humidity. on hot humid days wehave
poorer reaction times and our activity is muchslower. we also have
to mention sunshiff ,.becausewe tend to feel better when the sun is
shining. somepeople also say that wind drives them crazy.|'m
sometimes affected by the weather, especialtywhen it's about to
rain. t become very sleepy and I findit very difficult to do my
homework or pay attentionat school.
affect l'fekq - befolysolair pressure ['ee,preje*J -
lgnyomsattention [a*tenJnJ - figyelemshort term memory
[,Jc:ttt3:m,memeri] - rovid tv
memriaconcentrate ['konsntrertJ - koncentrl
L64
-
atmospheric [,retmes'ferrkJ - lgkoricope with [kocrp wr J-
megbirkzikreaction time [ri'rkJn talm] - reakciidmention ['nrenjn]
- emlttend to [tend teJ - hajlamos valamiredrive sb crazy [dralv'k
retzi!- meg rjtpay attention [per e'tenJn] - figyelni
choosing where to go on vacaton?a) As we like sunbathing,
swimming and diving, my
parents always choose a place for our vacation wherethe climate
is hot and sunny. we usuatly go to theseaside or to an island in
the Mediterranean.
b) l really like rock climbing and mountaineering, so lalways
try to choose a place with high mountains. Theclimate is much
cooler in the mountains, so it is ideatfor my activities.
c) My parents and l are mad about skiing, so we alwaysgo for a
winter holiday and we choose a place with aIot of snow, usually in
France or ltaty.
diving ['darvrj] - brjvrkods, merlssland ['allenclJ - szigetrock
climbing ['rok,klarmrlJ - sziklamszsmountaineering [tmaontdnlarl0]
- hegymszs,
alpiniz mus
actvty?
a) To tell the truth, l hate snow, especiatly when itbecomes
slushy and all the streets in the city are dirty.lt's not Very
difficult to guess that my favourite winteractivity is sleeping and
relaxing in our warm livingroom or going to a sauna with my
friends.
b) l love snow. l always look forward to winter, becausel like a
lot of activities you can do then, for exampleskiing, snowboarding,
snowshoeing, cross-countryskiing, ice skating or ice surfing.
guess [ges] - kitallsauna ['sc:ne] - szaunalook forward to
[luk'fc:wad teJ - nagyon vrsnowboarding ['sneobc:dlr3] - snowboa
rdozssnowshoeing ['sneuJu:Il]J - htalpas t rzscross-country sking
Ikros'knntri,ski:rrJ] - sfutsice skating ['ats skertr1] -
jgkorcsolyzsice surfing ['als sa:filJ - jgszorfozs
summer actvty?a) l love sunshine and summer as well. tn summer I
like
doing several different activities like sunbathing,swimming,
windsurfing, diving, wakeboarding, goingon boat trips and
sailing.
2L. WenrHER AND cLIMATE
b) l like sunshine when it's not too hot, because myfavourite
summer activities are hiking and ctimbingmountains.
wakeboarding ['werkbc:drg] - wakeboardozsboat trip [baut'trlpJ -
hajkzssailing ['selhlJ - vitorlzshking ['harkrlJ -t rzs
mean?
An lndian summer is a period of calm, dry, sunnyweather in late
autuffifi, not long before winter. lt canlast for a few days or
extend to a week or more.
lndian ummer [,lndian'snma*J - vnasszonyok nyaraperiod
['pteried] - id szakcalm [ko:mJ - nyugodtextend [tk'stend] -
elhrizdik (id ben)
Hungary?yes, it is, several types of weather have an effect
ontraffc. The most dangerous one is sleet, because a lotof drivers
lose control over their vehicles. snow andice also cause a lot of
trouble on roads; especially todrivers who don't have winter tyres
on their wheels.Fog is also dangerous: people drive a bit slower,
butthey usually keep a shorter distance from the car infront and
this increases the risk of crashes. Rain is alsoan important factor
to mention, as in big cities wealways have huge traffic jams during
rainy periods,
effect F'fekq - hatssleet [sli:t] - nos eslose control [lu:z
kerr'treulJ - elveszt az uralmtvehicle [tvi:rkal] - j rmwinter tyre
['wtnte,tata*J - tli gumiwheel [wi:lJ - kerkbe in trouble [ttrnbl]
- bajban vandistance from the car in front [UrstensJ - kovetsi
tvolsgincrease [rr'kri:s] - novelrisk [r,sk] - eslycrash [krafl -
ritkozs, karamboltraffic iam ['trrefik d3rem] - forgalmi dug
165
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21. WrnrHER AND cLIMATE
ToPIC_BASED MlNl DICTIoNARYld jrs - Weather ['we at]ghajlat -
Climate ["klarmot]az szaki sarkvidk s a mrskelt gov kozotti -
subarctic
[,snb'o:ktlkJes erd i - rain forest
['retnforlst]foldkozi-tengeri - Mediterranean
[,medrta'rernien]meleg mrskelt - temperate ['temperet]monszun -
rnonsoon [,morr'su:n]nedves kozp-szlessgi - humid middle
latitudeceni - oceanic [,at-rJi-aenlk]sarkvidki - polar ice cap
[,peolor'ats krepJsivatagi - desert [ktezat]szraz - dry [drarJsz
razfo Id i/ko nti ne nt l i s - co nfi ne nta l [,
kontlnentlJszubtrpusi - su btropica l [,snb'troprkl]trpusi, forr
govi - tropical ['troprkl]tundra - tundra ['tnndra]M ellknevek -
Adjectivescstiszs - slippery ['shpari]elviselhetetlen - unbearable
[nrrtbeerebl]enyhe - mild [marld]es s-rainy['rerni]fagyaszt -
freezing cold ["fri:zrq]fagypont alatti - below zero/subzero
[br,lau 'ztareu]
[,snb'ztarar_l]fagypont feletti - above zero [e,bnv 'zterau]
166
felh s - cloudy ['klat-rdi]felh s, borult - overcast
[,etlvdko:stJfelh s, komor - duII [dnl]forr, meleg - hot
[hot]fullaszt, fojtogat - stifling ['starflrq]ftjlledt, leveg tlen
- close [kleos]hideg - coId [kouldJh vos - cool [ku:l]h vos, hideg,
bartsgtalan - chilIy ['tJrli]idelis (sthoz/kertszkedshez) - ideal
(for walking/
gardening) [atdi:el]jeges - icy ['arsi]j - good [sud]kedvez ,
viharmentes - fair [fea*Jkegyetlen, kemny, zord - harsh
[ho:JJkellemes, j - nice [narsJkellemesen nedves - moist [mcrst]kit
n - perfect [tps:fikt]kodos - foggy ['fogi]lucskos - slushy
[slnJt]megjsolhatatlan - unpredictable [,nnprfdlktabl]rneleg - warm
[wc:mJmetsz n hideg - bitterly cold ['brteli]napos - sunny
['snniJnedves - wet [wet]nyirkos - damp [daemp]nyirkos, nedves -
humid ['hju:mldJnyomott, ftilledten meleg - muggy ['mngi]prs, kdos
- hazy [therzi]
-
perzsel en forr - scorching hot ['skc:tJrgJperzsel en forr -
roasting hot ['reostrg]pocsk - rotten [trotn]pomps, remek (nap) -
lovely (day) ['lnvliJronda, utlatos - nasty ['no:sti:Jrossz - bad
[bred]siralmas - miserable ['nrrzrebl]szakad (es ) - torrential
[to'renJlJszeles - windy [-wrndiJ
er s szl - strong (wind) [strog]enyhe szl - slight (wind)
[slartJszaki szl - north (wind) [nc:O]
szp, kit n - fine [farn]szorny , szeles, es s, viharos - foul
[faul]tikkaszt - swelteri ng ['swelterrry]tikkaszt, rekken - sultry
['snltri]tiszta (nap/gboIt) - clear (day/sky) [kha*Jt zforr -
boiling hot ['bcrlrq]t zforr - baking hot ['belkrgJv ltozkony - cha
ngeable ['tJernd3eblJf nevek - nounsrads - flood
[flndJcsapadk(mennyisg} - rainfall ['relnfc:lJes - rain [reln]es
csepp - raindrop ['rerndropJvszak - season ['si:znJfagy, hideg, z
zmara - frost [frost]felh - cloud [klaudJfelh szakads - downpour
[Uaonpc:*]felh szakads - cloudburstfok - degree [dr'gri:Jftistkod,
szmog - smog [smog]harmat - dew [dju:]hidegfront - cold front
[keuld frnntJh - snow [sneu]htf vs - snowdrift ['sneudrlft]hess -
snowfall ['snaufc:lJh hullrn - heat wave ['hi:twervJh mr -
thermometer [0e'momrta*]h rnrsklet - temperature
['tempretJe*lhpehely - snowfl a ke ['snar-rflerk]h sg - heat
[hi:tJhvihar - blizzard ['blrzed]hurrikn, forgszl - hurricane
['hnrlkan]id jrs eI rejelzs - weather forecast ['we a* ,fc:ko:st]id
jrsjelents - weather report ['we e* rt,pc:t]je - ice [als]jgcsap -
icicle ['alsrkl]jgdarab (jges kor) - hailstone ['herlstar_rnJjges -
hail [herl]k d-fog[fog]kod - mist [mIstJk d, pra - haze [lrelz]
2L, WrnrHER AND ctlMATE
men nydorgs - thu ndercla p [*OnndeklepJmennydorgs, vihar -
thunder(storm} ['0nndastc:m]napos id szak - sunny spell ['snni
spel]napstits - sunshinenedvessg, nyirkossg - humidity
[hjulmrdetiJnos es - sleet [sli:t]pra - vapour ['velpa*Jsr - mud
[nrnd]szrazsg, aszly - drought [ctraut]szell , szl - breeze
[bri:zJszitl es - drizzle [UrrzlJszivrvny - rainbow
['relnbooJtjfun, forgszl - typhoon [tar'ftr:nJtornd - tornado
[tc:tneldooJvnasszonyok nyara - lndian summer [,rndiorfsnme*]vihar
- storm [stc:mJviharos szl - gale [getl]vi!lm - lightning
['lartnrry]villm(csaps) - thunderbolt ['0nndabecllt]zpor, zivata r
- shower [Jar_re*]igk - verbbefagy - freeze over [fri:z
'eoveJbefelh sodik - cloud over [klar"rd 'er-lva]b rig zik - get
drenched [get UrentJt]b rig zik - get soaking wet [get 'sauktj
wetJcsriszik - slip [slrpJfagy - frost [frost]f j-blow[blau]havazik
- snow [snou]jges esik - hail [horl]kitisztul - clear up
[,klrerhpJkodbe borul, elhomlyosodik - fog up [foghp]lecsendesedik,
csillapul - settle [setlJmegzik - get wet [get 'wet]olvad - melt
[melt]olvad, enyhl - thaw [0c.]noses esik - sleet [sli:t]prolog -
evaporate Pvaperert]permetezve, szitlva esik - drizzle
[UrrzlJzuhog, omlik - pour [pc:*Jzuhog, s rin esik - shower
[Jaoe*]ld jrssal kapcsolatos kifejez ek - Expressons related to
weatherAz vszakhoz kpest szokatlanul hideg van, nem? - Very
chilly
for the time of year, isn't it?Befelh sodik. - lt's clouding
over.Micsoda rmes id ! - What dreadful weather!Nagyon e ik. - lt's
pouring with rain. Ilt's pouring down. / lt's
raining heavily.Szp napunk van, ugye? - Lovely day, isn't
it?Tisztul az id . - lt's clearing up.ey tnik, esni fog. - lt looks
like rain.
167
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irillll
EMVIR@MM EMTA& PR@@uEM s
Et What gre the biggest problems fac:ing uienvronment?
There are many environmental problems today, forexample
pollution, global warming, climate changeand the greenhouse
effect.
facing ['lelsl4] - amivel szembe kell nznieenvironmental
[ln,valeredmentel] - kornyezetipollution [pa'lu.en] - sze
nnyezsglobal warming ['gleubelJ - globlis felmelegedsclirnate
change [tklarnret] - ghajlatvltozsgreenhouse effect [r'fekt] -
riveghzhats
The temperature of the Earth has increased and thishas caused
climate changes. Global warming is causedby an increase in the
greenhouse effect. Because ofglobal warming, the icecap at the
North pole and theglaciers are melting and the sea-level is
rising.
temperature [ttemprotj3*] - h mrskletEarth [s:0] - Foldincrease
(v} [rrr'kri:s] - megnincrease (n} ['lnkri:s] - novekedscause
|kc:z]- okozNorth Pole [peol] - szaki-sarkicecap ['ankrep] -
jgsapkaglacier ['glresio*] - gleccserrnelt - megolvadlevel ['levolJ
* szintrise [ralz] - emelkedik
The greenhouse effect keeps the Earth warm enoughfor hurnans to
live there. The greenhouse effectmeans that certain gases in the
atmosphere (watervapour, carbon dioxide, methane etc.) trap the
energyfrom the sun and this makes the Earth warmer. lf
thegreenhouse effect becomes stronger, it could make theEarth
warrner than usual, which may cause problemsfor humans, plants and
anirnals.partly because of the greenhouse effect the ozonelayer
around the Earth has become thinner and theultraviolet rays of the
Sun can reach the Earth's surface.uv rays are responsible for
burning and are the main
168
cause of skin cancer. That's why it is important to keepout of
the sun during the peak hours of 10 a.m. to 4p.m. when the sun's
rays are strongest.
(http: l le p a . gov/c l i m a t e c h a n gel k i d s/g re e n
h o u s e. ht m ! )
human ['hju:menJ - emberduring I djr-lerr1] - alatt (id
ben)certain ['sa:tn] - bizonyosgas [gres] - gzatmosphere
['retmasfia*J - lgkorvapour ['vetps*] - pracarbon dioxide [,ko:ben
dafoksald] - szndioxidmethane [tmi:Oeln] - metntrap [trrep] -
csapdba ejtenergy ['ened3iJ - energiathan usual ['ju:3uelJ - mint
ltalbanpartly ['po:tli] - rszbenozone layer ['eozaon,lela*J -
zonrtegthin [ftn] - vkonyultraviolet [,nltre'vateletJ -
ultraibolyaray [ret] - sugrreach [ri:tJJ - elrsurface [-sa:fis] -
felsznresponsible [rfsponslblJ - felel sburning ['bs:nlr3] - gsmain
[nreln] - fskin cancer ['krensa'tJ - b rrkkeep out of - tvol marad,
kitrpeak hours [pi:k auazl- csticsid
Pollution is something that makes the air, the water orthe land
dirty or unsafe. we cause pollution when weuse electricity or burn
fuel or when we buy somethingthat was produced or transported using
electricity orfuel. Chemicals released by factories and vehicles
alsopo|Iute the air and water. People who smoke pollute theair too.
we also pollute the air when we use aerosols.They say that even
cows pollute the air when they belchbecause whenever they do,
methane gets into the air.
land[lrcndJ -f lddirty ['ds:ti] - piszkosunsafe [nrtser|| - nem
biztonsgoselectricity [r,lek'trrsrti] - villanyramfuel [fjuel] -
tizemanyagproduce [prdu:s] - gyrt
-
transport [trrerr'spc:tJ - szlltchemcal [tkenrrkel] -
vegyianyagrelease [rtli:sJ - kibocstfactory ['frektari] -
gyrvehicle [tvi:rkl] - jrmpollute [pa'lu:t] - szennyezaerosol
[beraosDl] - aeroszolos palack (hajtgzas)belch [beltJ] - bofog
atmosphere?
Many greenhouse gases come from things we do everyday. whenever
we use an electric appliance, e.g. watchTv or dry our hair, we send
greenhouse gases into theair. whenever we go by car or use public
transport, ware adding greenhouse gases to the atmosphere.
electric [r'lektrrk] - elektromosappliance [*plalens] -
berendezs, eszkozpublic transport [,pnbhk'tro:nspc:t] -
tomegkozlekedsadd [redJ - hozzad
we can save energy and water if we use them onlywhen we need
them. we should switch off tights, ourcomputer or television when
we don't use them. weuse low-energy bulbs. we save water by turning
offthe tap while brushing our teeth.
we can walk or ride a bike instead of taking the bus ordriving
our car, we can car pool - when we take turnsdriving each other to
and from work or school. we canuse alternative energy sources, such
as solar energy toheat our houses or to make electricity.
To reduce greenhouse gases we can p|ant trees, whichproduce
oxygen and absorb carbon dioxide.we can collect hazardous waste,
such as usedbaeries, separately. we shouldn't throw them away:we
can use rechargeable batteries instead.we shouldn't just throw away
things we don't needanymore, but recycle them. we can reuse them
orgive them to sorneone who needs them. we can buyrecyclable
products instead of non-recyclable ones.Recyclable products are
usually made out of thingsthat already have been used.
The three Rs are very important - reuse: keep usingthe same
things as many times as you can, reduce:reduce the amount of things
you buy, recycle: makenew things from the things we have already
used.
reduce [n dju:s] - csokkentsave [selv] - megsprolswitch off
[swrtfl - lekapcsollight [lart] - lmpalow-energy bulb
[,lsr-l'ensd3i bnlb] - energiatakarkos
villanykorteturn off [ts:nJ - elzrtap [tap] - csapinstead of
firtsted av] - helyett
22. EruvlRoNM ENTAI pRoBtErvls
car pool ['ko:prr:l] - egy autban tobben utaznakalternative
[ol'ts:netrvJ - a lte rnatvenergy source [sc:s] - energiaforrssolar
energy ['seule*] - napenergiaheat[hi:t] -f tplant [plo:nt] -
tiltetproduce [pro'u:sJ - termeloxygen ['oksrd3en] - oxignabsorb
[eb'zc:b] - elnyelhazardous ['hrezedes] - veszlyeswaste ['welst] -
hulladkbattery ['bretari] - elemseparately ['seperetli] - el kri
lon tverechargeable [,riitJo:d3obl] - jra feltolthetrecycle
[,rilsarkl] - jrahasznostreuse [,riJu:z] - jrahasznlrecyclable
[,rilsalkleb! - jrahasznosthatproduct ['prod^kt] - termkamount
['mauntJ - mennyisg
Recycling is when we collect rubbish to create newproducts out
of the materials from the old ones. wecan recycle newspapers, milk
cartons, bottles, cansand plastic bags, for instance.
we should buy products that contain recycledmaterials. Many
brands of paper towels, gdrbagebags, greeting cards, and toilet
paper are made fromrecycled materials.
we should separate our rubbish and take ourrecyclables
(newspapers, bottles and cans etc.) to aselective waste collection
point in the city where thereare different sorting containers. The
blue containersare for paper and cardboard, the yellow ones are
forplastic waste, the white ones are for white glass, thegreen ones
are for mixed glass and the grey ones arefor metal waste. lt is
important to rinse out bottlesbefore disposing of them.
rubbish ['rnbd] - szemtcreate [kri-ertJ - ltrehozmaterial
[me'tlerielJ - anyagcarton ['ko:tan] - paprdobozcan [krenJ - fm dt
sdobozplastic bag ['plrestlk] - m anyagzacskcontain [korr'ternJ -
tartalmazbrand [brrend] - mrkatowel ['tauel] - torrilkozgarbage bag
['go:brd3J - szemeteszskgreeting card ['gri:trq] - tidvozl
lapseparate rubbish ['seperertJ - elkrilontve gy jti a
szemetetselective waste collection [sllekttv, ke'lekJenJ -
szelektv
hulladkgy jtssorting container ['sc:tlj ken,terne*] - kuka,
melyben
ktilon lehet gy jtenicardboard ['ka:dbc:d] - ka rtonpaprmixed
[mrkstJ - vegyesmetal ['metal] - fmrinse out [rlnsJ - kiobltdispose
[dlspaoz|- kidob, megszabadul t le
169
-
ld
22. EruvlRoNMENTAL pRoBLEMs
p[ ttow can you reuse things?When we go shopping we can take a
cloth bag with us,which we can use again and again. We can use
clothnapkins instead of paper napkins. We can use bothsides of
writing paper.
Butter and margarine tubs, coffee jars and shoe boxescan be used
to store things.
We can give things, clothes or toys we don't want anymore, to
friends or take them to charity collectionboxes.
cloth bag [kloO] - textilszatyornapkin ['nrepkrnJ - szalvtatub
[tnbJ - m anyag dobozjar [d3o:*] - tjvegstore [stc:*] - tnol
lige cties do to improve the qualtyof their dr?
l think the most important thing would be to improvethe public
transport system and ban cars from the citycentre. They shou|d also
build new cycle lanes.
Another good idea would be to build new parks andplant a lot of
trees.
improve [m pru:vJ - javtquality ['kwolrtlJ - min sgsystem
['srstemJ - rendszerban [bren] - kitiltcycle lane ['salkl leln] -
kerkprtit
L7a
-
Hungary is located in the carpathian BasinEurope; we can atso
say that it can be foundheart of Europe.
of centralin the very
be situated ['srtJtrertrdJ - elhelyezkedikbe located
[leo'kertld] - elhelyezkedikCarpathan Basin [belsn] - Krpt
medencein the ,:ry heart of [rn o 'veri hc:t ovl - valaminek a
sz v be n
The area of Hungary is 93,000 square kilometres.
area ['earie] - terriletquare kilometre [skwee 'kllgmi:to*] -
ngyzetkitomter
Hungary is bordered by seven countries; slovakia tothe north,
the ukraine and Romania to the east, serbiaand Croatia to the
south, and Slovenia and Austria tothe west.
bordering country ['bc:doru3 knntrr] - hatrot orszgbe bordered
[.bc:ded] - hatjrolnorth [nc:0] * szakeast [i:stJ - keletsouth
[sauO] - dlwest [westJ - nyugatlovakia [sleu.vaekia] - Sz!ovkia
Ukrane fiu:'kreln] * UkrajnaRomania [ru'melnioJ - Romniaerbia
[-ss:bre] * Szerbia
Croatia [k rau'ere] - Horvto rszglovenia [statl.vi:nia] * Szlovn
ia
Austria ['ostrio] - Ausztria
the largest cities in Hungary?The capital city of Hungary is
Budapest; it has aPoPulation of about 2 mi!lion people. The largest
citiesare Budapest, Debrecen, Miskolc, Szeged, Pcs andGy r, all of
which are re8ional centres.
capital city [,kiepltl.srt{ - f vrospopulation [,popjdlerJn] -
npessgregional centre ['ri:d3enlJ - rgis kozpont
The highest point in the country is kkes, which canbe found in
the Mtra Mountains. lt is L,,O!4 metresabove sea level.
the highest pont [,hatest'pctnt] - a legmaga abb pontsea level
['si: levlJ - tengerszint
lakes n Hungary?The two longest rivers are the Tisza (its length
inHungary is 596 kilometers) and the Danube (+rfkms).Their sources
are outside the country.Hungary can boast the largest freshwater
lake inEurope: Lake Balaton, which has an area of 595
quarekilometres, and is a very famous tourist destination.The
second biggest lake in the country is Lake Tisza, anartificial lake
with an area of I27 square kilometre .river ['rtva*J - folylake
[lelk] * ttength [lery0] - hossz(rjsg)ource [sc:sJ - forrs
boast wth [beust wl ] - dicsekszik valamivelfreshwater
['freJwc:tei] - d esvzr]
17I
-
23, HuruaARy & THr EU
tourist destination [,tclertst,destt'nelJn] - turisztikai riti
clarfificial [o:ttfrl] - mestersges
Hungary?
There are six major geographical regions in Hungary;they are the
following:
the Great Hungarian Plain, the Little Hungarian Plain,The
Transdanubian Hills, The Transdanubian MediumMountains, The
Northern Medium Mountains andAlpokalja.
geographical [,d3i:e!rrefikl] - foldrajziregion ['ri:d3en] -
rgi, tjegysgfollowing ['foleolg] - kovetkezGreat Hungarian Plain
[grert hng'geerian pleln] - AlfoldLittle Hungarian Plan [htl
hng-geerian pleln] - KisalfoldTransdanubian Hills
[trrenzdrcnJu:blan hrlz] - Dunntrjli
dombsgTransdanubian Medium Mountains [trrenzdrenJu:btan
,mi:diam ,mauntanzj- Dunnt li kozphegysgNorthern Medum Mountains
['nc: en ,mi:diam
,maont anzJ- szaki kozphegysg
Hungary has a population of about 10 million people.About 20% of
the citizens live in the capital city.
citizen ['sltzn] - (llam)polgr
The currency of Hungary is the Hungarian forint, whichis divided
into 100 fillr, but the fillr has not beenused since 1999.
Depending on the economic situationHungary will be able to adopt
the euro between 2012and 2Ot4.
currency ['knransi] - pnznemdivide into [dtvard] - felosztdepend
on [dtpend] - frigg valamit leconomc [,i:ko'nomrk] - gazdas giadopt
[aUppt] - alkalmaz, bevezeteuro [Jt-roracrJ - euro
The official language of our country is Hungarian,which is a
uralic language, part of the Finno-ugriclanguage family.
official [e'ftJl] - hivatalosUralic [Joerehk] - urliFinno-Ugric
[,finoo'ju:grrk] - fi n nu gor
Hungary has been a parliamentary republic since1989.
,,illl
form of governrnent [fc:nr av tgnvennrent]
- llamformaparliamentary republic [,po:la'mentri rtpnblrk]
- pa rla ment ris kozt rsasg
Hungary?
ln the Hungarian parliament there are two majorpolitical parties
at the present time: the HungarianSocialist Party and Fidesz
(Alliance of Young Democrats)
Hungarian Civic Union. There are three smallerparties with a
number of seats in the Parliament: theAlliance of Free Democrats,
the Christian DemocraticPeople's Party and the Hungarian Democratic
Forum.
Major ['merd3a*J - nagyobb, fontosabb, f bbpolitical party
[pa'lrtrkl,po:ti] - politikai prtat the present time ['preznt] -
jelenlegHungarian Socialist Party [hng,gearien'saofeltst po:tiJ
- Magyar Szocialista PrtAllance of Young Dernocrats [e,latens ov
jngtemekrretsJ
- Fiatal Demokratk SzovetsgeHungarian Civic Union
[hng,georiarlsIvrk ju:nian]
- Magyar Polgri Szovetsgseat [si:t] - kpvisel i mandtumAlliance
of Free Democrats [a,latans ov frildemekrrets]
- Szabad Demokratk SzovetsgeChristian Democratic People's Party
[krrstJan
,demdkrptlk pi:plz po:ti] - KeresztnydemokrataNpprt
Hungarian Democratic Forum [hng,gearien,demdkrret*'fc:ramJ -
Magyar Demokrata Frurn
The Hungarian flag has three equal horizontal bands ofred, white
and green.
flag [flregJ - zszlequal ['i:kwalJ - egyenlhorizontal
[,hDrt'zontlJ - vzszintesband [brendJ - sv
Hungary has a temperate continental climate that isinfluenced by
the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlanticocean. winters are cold,
cloudy and windy; the coldestmonths are January and February, with
a lot of snow.summers are sometimes very dry and hot; JuIy
andAugust are the hottest rnonths.
temperate ['temperot] - meleg mrskeltcontinental [,kontfnentl] -
szrazfoldi/kontinentlisinfluence [\nfluens] -
befolysolMediterranean Sea [,medrtdrernien si:] -
FoIdkozi-tengerAtlantic Ocean [et'leentik,er-rfn] - AtIa
nti-cencloudy ['klaodi] - felh swindy ['wrndiJ - szelesdry [drar] -
szraz
L72
-
@l Could you summarize the hstory of the countryin a ew
sentences?As it is a very hard task to summarize the history of
acountry in just a few sentences, I will speak only aboutthe
milestones of Hungarian history.
. The Magyar tribes occupied a considerable part of
theCarpathian Basin in 896, led by rpd.
. The first king, lstvn (Saint Stephen) (997-1038) madeRoman
Catholicism the state religion . ln !24L-42 theMongols devastated
the country; this is mentioned inHungarian history as the Tartar
invasion.
. From the beginning of the 15'h century the TurkishEmpire
threatened the country. ln L456 the TurkishArmy was defeated at
Nndorfehrvr by theHungarians under the leadership of Jnos
Hunyadi.
o During the reign of King Matthias (1458-1,490) Hungarybecame
one of the leading cultural states of Europe.
o ln 1526 the Turks destroyed the Hungarian army atthe battle of
Mohcs; Hungary was split into threeparts and most of the country
came under Turkishdomination for more than 150 years.
o ln 1686, the Austrian lmperial and Hungarian armiesrecaptured
Buda and by the end of the century theTurks were driven out of the
country.
o Between L703 and L7LL there was a nationalindependence
struggle Ied by Ferenc Rkczi, whichaimed at gaining independence
from the Habsburgs,but it was unsuccessful. Habsburg rule
becarneconsolidated in Hungary.
o The Hungarian Reform Period started in the 1820sand various
new laws were enacted by the Parliament.Count lstvn Szchenyi
recognized the need formodernization and became one of the
reformleaders.
o On 15 March 1848 the national independence struggleled to a
revolution and a war of independence beganin Hungary, which ended
in August 1849 when Russiantroops came to help Austria and the
Hungarians'struggle for independence was defeated.
o By the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of L867 the dualMonarchy of
Austria-Hungary came into existence.
o ln 1918 there was a radical bourgeois revolution and arepublic
was proclaimed, but in 1919 the CommunistParty of Hungary came to
power and proclaimed theHungarian Soviet Republic.
o During the regency of Horthy Mikls between 1919and 1944
Hungary was a kingdom without a king,governed by a conservative
elite.
o At the end of the Second World War in 1945 Hungarywas
"liberated" from the German forces and conqueredby the Soviet Army.
A period of strong Soviet pressureand interference began.
o ln 1956 there was a national uprising against sovietdomination
and a democratic revolution against
23. HuNGARv & THE EU
communist rule, but it was defeated by the Soviettroops.
ln 1989 Hungary opened its borders to Austria and letpeople from
East-Germany go to the West, and with theProclamation of the
Republic of Hungary the SocialistPeople's Republic ended.
The first free parliamentary election was in 1990. ltwas won by
the conservative 1-|ungarian DemocraticForuffi, under Prime
Minister Jzsef Antall.
ln 1999 Hungary joined the NATO.
On 1 May, 2004 Hungary joined the European Union.
su mmarize ['snmor aruj- osszefogla lmlestone ['marlsteun] -
mrfoldktribe [tralb] - torzsoccupy ['okjupatJ -
elfoglalconsiderable [kartslderabl] - jelent s, szrnottevlead, led,
Ied [li:d, led] - vezet , irnytRoman Catholicsrn [,reoman
ke'Oolesrzom] - rmai
katolicizmusstate [stelt] - llamirelgion [rtlrd3en] -
vallsMongolian [mog'gecrlian] - mongoldevastate ['devestelt] -
elpusztt, letarolTartar invason [trfvel5nJ - tatrjrsthreaten
['0retn] - fenyegetdefeat [dtfi:tJ - legy z, megverleadership
['li:doJtpl - vezets, vezrletrule [ru:l] - uralkodsleading
['li:drry] - uralkoddestroy [dtstrcrJ - megsemmist, elpuszttarmy
['o:mi] - hadseregbattle ['bret! - csatasplit (split, split} into
[splttJ - feloszt, rszekre osztdomination [,domfnelnJ -
uralomrecaptu re [,rilkaptfe*] - visszafogla ldrive out
[,drarv'aot] - ki z, kikergeti n depende nce [,mdfpendans] - f ti
ggetl e n sg(i )struggle ['strngl] - ktizdelem, harcaim at [elm et]
- szndkozik, igyekszikgain [gem] - elnyer, megszerezunsuccessful
[,nnsak'sesfl] - sikertelenconsolidate [kertsohdert] - rneger st,
megszilrdtlaw [lo:] - torvnyenact [r'nrcktJ - torvnybe iktatcount
[kaunt] - grfrecognize ['rekognau] - felismerleader ['li:de*] -
vezetrevo|ution [,revdlu:fn] - forrada lomtroop [tru:p] - sereg,
csapatcompromise ['kompramauJ - kiegyezsdual I dju:al] - kett
smonarchy ['monoki] - monarchiacome into existence [knm mta
tg'ztsten ]- ltrejonradical ['rredrkl] - radiklisbourgeois
['boe3wo:] - burzsoproclaim [pra'klelmJ - kikiltcommunist
['komjenrst] - kommu nistacome to power [knm te 'paua*J - hatalomra
jutregency ['ri:d5onsi] - kormnyzsgkingdom ['krqdam] -
kirlysggovern ['gnvn] - kormnyoz, vezet, irnyt
173
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23. Hurueanv a rxr EU
conservative [kan sa:vetrv] - konzervatv ffi F|shermen's Bastion
['fiJemenz,bastien] - HalszbstYaetite [eili;t] - elit ffi Matthias
Church [md0ares,tJs:tl - MtYs temPlomliberte [,libarert] _
felszabadt ffi Heroe, quare [,hrereuz skwee*] _ Hsk tere.onqu"r
l.kopke;] _ tegyz, meghdt & open space [,eopen,spets] _szabad
terletpr"rrur" 1'p.1.*i- nyoms ffi zoo [zu:] - llatkertinterre.en."
[jnte,freiens] - beavatkozs ffi funair [,f,rnfee*] -
vidmparkuprising [hp,iarzrj] - felkels ffi gallery [!eleri] -
galriapio.1",ition 1,proitamerln1- kikilts ffi fine arts [arn\r:ts]
-
szpmvszetparliamentaryiectlon1.po:6mentri]-parlamentivlasztsffijoin
ldscln] - belp, csatlakozik m ca wi iam some typical
traditional
_ ffi
Hungarandshesanddfinks?WTypicalHungarianfoodisquitespicy:hotpaprika,
in Hungary? ffi onions and lard are often used. other very
commonFirst of all, the most popular tourist destination ffi
ingredients include garlic, black pepper, parsley,in Hungary is
definitely the capital, Budapest. The ffi thymg marjoram, vinegar
and a thick sour creamsecond place visited by thousands of tourists
every ffi called 'tejfl'. The most famous dishes are Fish SouP,year
is Lake Balaton. As it is very close to Budapest, a ffi Goulash
Soup and Jkai Bean Soup, Chicken PaPrikalot of tourists go to the
Danube bend and visit places ffi with small dumplings, meat and
vegetable stews,like Szentendre, Visegrd and Esztergom. Big cities
ffi stuffed cabbage and stuffed peppers, HortobgYilike pcs,
Debrecen and Szeged are also popular with ffi pancakes filled with
veal stew, and some sweets liketourists. There are some sites that
are part of the ffi Dobos cake, Floating island and Tr Rudi (a
chocolateWorld Heritage and thus they are Very famous all over ffi
bar filled with sweet quark cheese ).the world, for example the Old
Village of Hollk, the W Typical traditional Hungarian drinks
include the whiteBenedictine Abbey of Pannonhalma, the Caves of the
ffi dessert wine called Tokaji, red wines from Villny andAggtelek
Karst, Hortobagy National Park, the Cultural Eger, a very famous
liquor called Unicum, and Plinka,Landscape of Lake Fert and the
Tokaj Wine Re8ion, l *ii.t i, a kind of fruit brandy.ctose to
[\leus ta] - kzel ffi Some Hungarian mineral Waters are also
well-known,DanubeLend ttanju:b bend]-Dunakanyar such as
Szentkirlyi, Ave and Kkkuti.popular with ['popjela wt] - npszer
valakik krben ffisite tsar] _ nejvszin ffi typical [,trprk{
_tipikus, jellemzworid Hritage [,ws:ldherrtrd3] -Vilgrksg
traditional[tre\{anl] - hagyomnyosthus [^s] * gy, iiy mdon M dish
[dd] - telfamous [iferrnss] - hres ffi drink [drrrlk] -
italBenedicne [,bjnrktrn] _ bencs ffi quite [kwart] - elg(e)abbey
["abi] -aptsg ffi splcy ['sparsi]-fszerescave [kew] _ barlang hot
paprika [hDt pdpri:ko] _ ers paprikanational part t,npt'po:k] -
nemzeti park * onlon [hnjen] - vrshagymalandscapl 1wnaskerpf _
vioet ffi lard [lo:d] _ sertszsrwine region [warrtri:3an] - borvidk
ffi common ['komen] - gyakori ingredlent [rnlri:diant] -
hozzval
w,,,ll i:;,j:ii;T,I]-":il.,. oo,,in Budapest? ffi parsley
['po:sli] - petrezselyemMost tourists coming to Budapest visit the
following ffi thyme [tarm] - kakukkfsights of the city: Buda Castle
with the Castle District $ marjoram ['mo:d3arem] -
majornnainituding the Fishermen's Bastion and Matthias
vinegar['vmlga*]-ecetChurch, Gellrt Hill, Margaret lsland, Heroes,
square, thlck[OIk]-srthe parliament, st. stephen,s gasirica,-the
;,; X ;i,i'j|nTrl;.',T;l!ffi;;'i'o'House and Vcistreet. The City
Park is also.popular, ffi eoutasni[.gri:lrf,su:p]_gulyslevesas it
is the largest open space in BudaPest and You can Jkal Bean soup
c:kqr bi:n su:p] -Jkai bablevesfind the zoo, the funfair and the
Vajdahunyad Castle Chkken paprlka [,t$krn pe'pri:ke]-
csirkepapriksthere. The most visited museums in the capital are the
smatt dumplings [smc:l'd,rmplrrlzl - nokedliHungarian National
Museum, the National Gallery, the # meat tew [mi:t'stjuN -
prkltAquincum Museum and the Museum of Fine Arts. # vegetable stew
[ved3tabl'stjud - fzelk stuffed cabbage [st^ft'ksbld3] -tlttt
kposztafollowing [,foleorg] - kvetkez stufed peppers [stnft'pepaz]
- tlttt paprtkasight [sart}- nevezetessg, ltnival & floating
lsland [,flarrtrrJarland] - madrtejGastl; [,ko:l] - vr ffi quark
cheese [kwo:k'tJi:z] - trcastle distrlct [lrstrlkt] - vrkerlet
fitted [fild]- tltttincluding [rrtklu:drp] - magban foglal &
tiquor ['hke*] - likr
u4
-
Ell* ,-
tl
l,.
n
,
11
itl,
.a
fruit brandy [,fru:t'brrcndi] - gymolcsplinkamineral water
[tnrtnoral wc:ta*] - sv nyvzwell-known [,wel'neon] - jl ismert
Hgw mgny member stcrtes are there in the EU?
Our country joined the EU on ].'t May, 2004. There are27 member
states in the EU (in 2009).
member state [,memba'stert] - taglla m
W What is the European lJnon? Whai ai tne maingims of the EU?
What is the name of the commoncurrency in the EU? Whqt's the
European ITag like?What's the European Anthem? When s the
EI!'sbirthday?
The European Union is a unique economic and politicalpartnership
between 27 democratic Europeancountries. The EU's main aims are
peace, prosperityand freedom for its citizens - in a fairer, safer
world.The euro is the EU's sing|e currency. The European flagis
blue with twelve yellow stars in a circle in the middleof the flag.
The twelve stars symbolize the idea of unity,solidarity and harmony
among the peoples of Europe.The melody of the European Anthem comes
from the
'ialS:., 'fiffiToPlc filN:lB
firstly,l cou l d,]also,,,'m,Bafiiohi
23. HtlNGARy & THE EU
Ninth Symphony by Beethoven. When it is used as theEuropean
Anthem, it has no words. The EU's birthdayis Europe Day, on the 9th
of May, because the idea ofthe European Union first came up on 9
May 1950 in aspeech made by the French Foreign Minister, RobertSch
uman.
unique [jdni:k] - egyed lll, egyedipartnership ['po:tnatp] -
trsasgdernocratic [,denre'krretrk] - demokratikusmain [nreln] -
taim [etnr] - clpeace [pi:s] - bkeprosperity [prdsperati] - jlt
::Tffi Tl';*J ;-H:,1tli.,',,, - kozos va l utasyrnbolize
['stnrbelarz] - je lkpezidea [ar'dla] - eszme, gondolatunity
[)u:neti] * egysgsolidarity [,solrtmretiJ - osszeta rtsharmony
['hc:nrani] - harmniapeoples ['pi:plzJ - npekanthern ['ien0enr] *
himnuszmelody ['nreledi] - dallamsymphony ['stnrfani] -
szimfniacome up [,knnr\pl - felmerrilforeign minister
[,forerr'nrtntsta*J - k lrigyminiszter
Mtys templom - Matthias Church [me'Oares,tfs:tJ]Nemzeti 6alria -
the Nationa! Gallery [,nreJnol'grelariJNemzeti M zeurn - the
National Museum [,nrefnel mju:-ziomJOperahz- the Opera House ['opra
haus]Parlament - the House of Parliament
['po:lament]Szabadsg-szobor * the Liberty Monument
['hboti,mon!umant]Szent lstvn Bazilika * 5t" Stephen's BasiIica
[be'zllrko]Szpm vszeti M zeum - the Museum of Flne Arts
[farnb:ts]Vrhegy - the Castle Hill ['ka:sl 1rrl]Vrkeret - the
Castle District ['ka:sl,dntrrktJJVrosliget - the City Park
[,sltlpo:k]
n,
S e COnd lYl...l,,,, l llll'':t h r dly ;:.,,,,,"',,,,u,.,;fi n
ally',,', .'',..,ll..'.,il:',,l,I.rt9all',,,;,,.,i,,,
it is h ighly,,'''l,ikel
ToPIC-BASED MINI DlcTloNARYF,evezetessgek Budapesten - Tourist
attractions in Budapesti
" Cai vr - the Royal Palace of Buda [,rctol'pnlas]- |adella -
the Citadel ["srtodelJ-- -. apart - the Danube bank
ltrerr:u:b,brcryk]!".sbet hd - EIizabeth Bridge [r,lrzaba0'brrd3]-;
szbstya - the Fisherrnen' Bastion ['fifemenz,biestian]- js jk tere
- Heroes' Square ['hlarauz skweo*J_: - :h d - Chain Bridge
[tJerrtbrrdr]','3 "8it hd - Margaret Bridge [,ma:grrfbrld3J',' :
.3it-sziget - Margaret lsland [,mo:grrt'allend]
L75