Ancient Egypt Dynasties & Pharaohs 1. The whole civilization of Ancient Egypt lasted from about 3100 B.C. to about 525 B.C. or just over 2500 years. If.

Ancient Egypt

Dynasties&

Pharaohs

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The whole civilization of Ancient Egypt lasted from about 3100 B.C. to about 525 B.C. or just over 2500 years. If you include the time during which the Egyptians were under the control of the Persians, Greeks, and Romans but were still basically following their own culture, then it is over 3000 years. During that time, there were at least 20 different dynasties with many different rulers. Historians divide the long history into different periods.

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Periods of Ancient Egyptian HistoryPre-dynastic Egypt (4000 B.C. – 3100

B.C.)Old Kingdom (3100 B.C. – 2600 B.C.)

First Intermediate Period (2600 B.C. – 2000 B.C.)

Middle Kingdom (2000 B.C. – 1786 B.C.)Second Intermediate Period (1786 B.C. –

1539 B.C.)New Kingdom (1539 B.C. – 1085 B.C.)

Third Intermediate Period (1085 B.C. – 525 B.C.)

Persian Rule (525 B.C. – 332 B.C.)Greek Rule (332 B.C. – 50 B.C.)

Roman Rule (50 B.C. to 700 A.D.)Islamic Rule (700 A.D. – 1500 A.D.)

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Old Kingdom

Lower Egypt crown Upper Egypt crown

Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt were once separate kingdoms

and the kings or pharaohs wore two different crowns.

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King Menes / Pharoah Narma

• United Upper and Lower Egypt into ONE kingdom

• Established the first capital of Egypt in Memphis.

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Sobek - the Crocodile God

Worshiped at the first capital of Egypt, named Memphis or sometimes called

Crocodilopolis 6

Pharaoh Djoser

• Pharaoh Djoser had his architect, Imhotep build a great burial tomb which started out as a mastaba, or tomb, but became the Step Pyramid.

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Pharaoh Djoser

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Imhotep - Pyramid Designer / Engineer

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Mastabas

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Step Pyramid of Djoser

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Step Pyramid of Djoser

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Pharaoh SneferuDeveloped the building of

Egyptian pyramids through practice.

• Built the pyramid at Meidum

• Built the Bent Pyramid• Built the Red Pyramid

where he was buried.

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Sneferu’s Pyramid at Meidum

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Sneferu’s Bent Pyramid

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Sneferu’s Red Pyramid

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Pharaoh Khufu / Cheops

• Son of Pharaoh Sneferu• Built the Great Pyramid on the Plateau of

Giza.• Largest of the Pyramids of Ancient Egypt

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Khufu’s Pyramid - The Great Pyramid

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Look at the size of the pyramid blocks...

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Khufu’s “Solar” Boat

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Pharaoh Khafre / Chephren

• Son of Khufu• Built 2nd largest pyramid on Giza Plateau• Built many statues including the Sphinx

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Khafre’s Pyramid

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Khafre’s Pyramid

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Khafre’s Sphinx

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Khafre’s Sphinx

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Khafre’s Sphinx

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Pharaoh Menkaure

• Son of Khafre• Built smallest pyramid on Plateau of Giza

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Menkaure’s Pyramid

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Menkaure’s Pyramid

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Periods of Ancient Egyptian HistoryPre-dynastic Egypt (4000 B.C. – 3100

B.C.)Old Kingdom (3100 B.C. – 2600 B.C.)

First Intermediate Period (2600 B.C. – 2000 B.C.)

Middle Kingdom (2000 B.C. – 1786 B.C.)Second Intermediate Period (1786 B.C. –

1539 B.C.)New Kingdom (1539 B.C. – 1085 B.C.)

Third Intermediate Period (1085 B.C. – 525 B.C.)

Persian Rule (525 B.C. – 332 B.C.)Greek Rule (332 B.C. – 50 B.C.)

Roman Rule (50 B.C. to 700 A.D.)Islamic Rule (700 A.D. – 1500 A.D.)

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Queen / Pharaoh Hatshepsut

• Wife of Thutmose II• When Thutmose II died, his son Thutmose

III was too young to rule, so Hatshepsut took the throne.

• Hatshepsut transformed herself from a queen to a Pharaoh.

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Queen Hatshepsut’s Mummy

Queen Hatshepsut’s mummy was found buried in her temple in a tomb in the Valley

of the Kings.

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Queen Hatshepsut’s Temple

Queen Hatshepsut had this temple built as a tomb for both her and her husband Thutmose II. It is located in an area called the Valley of the Kings where many other pharaohs are also buried.

• Wife of Pharaoh Akhenaten• Considered the “ideal” beauty in Egyptian society. • May have been even more famous than her husband, the

pharaoh.

Queen Nefertiti

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Queen Nefertiti

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• Known as the “boy king” because ruled and died at such a young age (maybe 18 or 19 years old).

• His tomb was untouched when found by Egyptologists in 1922.

• Famous for the amazing treasures found in his tomb.

• “The Curse of King Tut”

Tutankhamen / King Tut

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Curse of King Tut

• Video

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King Tut Burial Mask

Found in King Tut’s Tomb with

his mummy

The Valley of the Kings

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King Tut’s Sarcophagus

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A collection of the items found in King Tut’s tomb can be seen in a museum in Cairo,

Egypt.

King Tut’s Sarcophagus

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King Tut’s Mummy

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King Tut’s Mummy

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King Tut’s face recreated by a computer from his mummy

This is what Egyptologists think King Tut may have

looked like, based on a computer

reconstruction made from his mummy

Pharaoh Ramses II

• A strong military leader.• Participated in the first written treaty with

the Hittites.• Had many wives and more than 100

children.• Ruled over Egypt for 67 years… Pharaoh for

longest period.49

Pharaoh Ramses II Temple/Tomb

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Pharaoh Ramses II Statues

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Pharaoh Ramses II mummy

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Periods of Ancient Egyptian HistoryPre-dynastic Egypt (4000 B.C. – 3100

B.C.)Old Kingdom (3100 B.C. – 2600 B.C.)

First Intermediate Period (2600 B.C. – 2000 B.C.)

Middle Kingdom (2000 B.C. – 1786 B.C.)Second Intermediate Period (1786 B.C. –

1539 B.C.)New Kingdom (1539 B.C. – 1085 B.C.)

Third Intermediate Period (1085 B.C. – 525 B.C.)

Persian Rule (525 B.C. – 332 B.C.)Greek Rule (332 B.C. – 50 B.C.)

Roman Rule (50 B.C. to 700 A.D.)Islamic Rule (700 A.D. – 1500 A.D.)

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• Seen as the last true Egyptian Queen before Egypt was taken over by foreign invaders.

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Cleopatra

Periods of Ancient Egyptian HistoryPre-dynastic Egypt (4000 B.C. – 3100

B.C.)Old Kingdom (3100 B.C. – 2600 B.C.)

First Intermediate Period (2600 B.C. – 2000 B.C.)

Middle Kingdom (2000 B.C. – 1786 B.C.)Second Intermediate Period (1786 B.C. –

1539 B.C.)New Kingdom (1539 B.C. – 1085 B.C.)

Third Intermediate Period (1085 B.C. – 525 B.C.)

Persian Rule (525 B.C. – 332 B.C.)Greek Rule (332 B.C. – 50 B.C.)

Roman Rule (50 B.C. to 700 A.D.)Islamic Rule (700 A.D. – 1500 A.D.)

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