Anatomy of the Heart Ian N. Cost
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Anatomy of the HeartIan N. Cost
Where the Heart is
Right atrium is positioned roughly along the midline of the body
Generalized borders:Esophagus posterior Substernal fat anteriorLiver inferiorLungs laterallyGreat vessels superior
Orientations
Pleura
Pericardial sac
Sup. vena cava
Arch of aorta
Subclavian A
Vagus N
Phrenic N
Pulmonary trunk
Brachiocephalic A
L common carotid A
The Pericardial Sac
Fibrous parietal pericardium(superficial)
Serous parietal pericardium(deep)
Pericardial Sinuses
Transverse pericardial sinus: site of arterial vesselsOblique pericardial sinus: site of pulmonary veins
Pericardium and Cardiac Tamponade
• Inflamed pericardium: Pericarditis• Removal of fluid: Pericardiocentisis• Mechanical constraint: Cardiac
Tamponade ContrastFluid
Coronary Arteries
Coronary Veins
6 Most Common Sites of Arterial Occlusion
23
1
(1-3 account for 85%)
Sympathetic trunk
Superior cervical ganglion
Ventral ramus of spinal nerveDorsal root
Cardiac nerve
T2
Referred pain from Heart
Coronary BypassThree Main Sources:
• Veins (Saphenous is common)• Internal Thoracic (Mammary) A.• Polyurethane supported
epithelial cells
Conducting system of mammalian heart.
Conditions of the Heart: Fetal to Adult Circulation
1. Overriding aorta
2. Pulmonary stenosis
3. VSD4. Right side hypertrophy
Patent DuctusArteriosus
Conditions of the Heart: Tetralogy of Fallot
Fetal Neonatal
Right atrium:
High pressure
Left atrium:
Low pressure
Septum secundum
Septum primum
Foramen ovale
Blood flow
Septum secundum
Septum primum
Fossa ovalis
Left atrium:
High pressure
Right atrium:
Low pressure
Conditions of the Heart: Foramen Ovale
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