Anatomy of the heart

Anatomy of the Heart

1Anatomy of the Heart

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3 The heart

The heart is the organ that supplies blood and oxygen to all parts of the body. It is about the size of a clenched fist, weighs about 10.5 bounces and is shaped like a cone. The heart is located in the chest cavity just posterior to the breastbone, between the lungs and superior to the diaphragm. The heart is surrounded by a fluid filled sac called the pericardium. Blood is pumped away from the heart through arteries and returns to the heart through veins. The major artery of the body is the aorta and the major veins of the body are the vena cava4

The pericardium

The pericardium is the fluid filled sac that surrounds the heart and the proximal ends of the aorta, vena cava and the pulmonary arteryFunction: Keeps the heart contained in the chest cavity. Prevents the heart from overexpanding when blood volume increases. Limits heart motion.

5Blood Vessels

Blood vessels are networks of tubes that transport blood throughout the entire body. Types of vessels: Arteries Veins Capillaries Sinusoids

6Structure of the Heart Wall

8 (1)Epicardium

The epicardium is the outer layer of the wall of the heart. It is composed of connective tissue covered by epithelium. The epicardium is also known as the visceral pericardium.Function: Provides an outer protective layer for the heart9(2) Myocardium

Myocardium is the muscular middle layer of the wall of the heart. It is composed of spontaneously contracting cardiac muscle fibers which allow the heart to contract.Function: Stimulates heart contractions to pump blood from the ventricles and relaxes the heart to allow the artria to receive blood.

10(3) Endocardium

The endocardium is the inner layer of the heart. It consists of epithelial tissue and connective tissue.Function: Lines the inner cavities of the heart, covers heart valves and is continuous with the inner lining of blood vessels. Purkinje fibers are located in the endocardium. They participate in the contraction of the heart muscle.

11Chambers of the heart

Lt.AtriumLt.Ventricle14(1)Atria

The heart is divided into four chambers that are connected by valves. The upper two chambers of the heart are called the left atrium and the right atrium. Function: Right Atrium: Receives blood returning to the heart from the superior and inferior vena cava. Left Atrium: Receives blood returning to the heart from the pulmonary veins15(2)Ventricles

The heart is divided into four chambers that are connected by valves. The lower two chambers of the heart are called the left ventricle and the right ventricle. Function: Right Ventricle: Receives blood from the right atrium and pumps it to the pulmonary artery. Left Ventricle: Receives blood from the left atrium and pumps it to the aorta.

16Valves of the heart

18 Valves are flap-like structures that allow blood to flow in one direction. The heart has two kinds of valves, atrioventricular and semilunar valves. The atrioventricular valves are thin structures that are composed of endocardium and connective tissue. They are located between the atria and the ventricles The tricuspid valve is located between the right atrium and the right ventricle. Mitral valve between left atrium and left ventricle.The semilunar valves are located between the aorta and the left ventricle and between the pulmonary artery and the right ventricle.

19Cardiac Conduction systemConducting System of the Heart

The conducting system of the heart consists of specialized cardiac muscle This system consist of Sinuatrial node The atrioventricular node The atrioventricular bundle and its right and left terminal branches The subendocardial plexus of Purkinje fibers

SA nodeAV nodeAV bundlePurkinje fibersLt.branchRt. branch2122Coronary Arteries The coronary arteries are the first blood vessels that branch off from the ascending aorta.Function: Carry oxygenated and nutrient filled blood to the heart muscle

Rt.Coronray arteryLt.coronary artery24Pulmonary Veins Function: Brings oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium 25Vena Cavae Function: Superior Vena Cava: Brings de-oxygenated blood from the head, neck, arm and chest regions of the body to the right atrium. Inferior Vena Cava: Brings de-oxygenated blood from the lower body regions to the right atrium.

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