ANALYSIS OF GOVERNANCE IN AGRICULTURE – A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK AND APPLICATIONS Suresh Babu International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington DC Devi Prasad Juvvadi Center for Good Governance, Hyderabad International Conference on "Governance and Service Delivery in Agriculture and International Conference on "Governance and Service Delivery in Agriculture and Allied Sectors" Hyderabad, December 18, 2014
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ANALYSIS OF GOVERNANCE IN AGRICULTURE – A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK AND APPLICATIONS Suresh Babu International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington DC.
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ANALYSIS OF GOVERNANCE IN AGRICULTURE – A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK AND APPLICATIONS
Suresh BabuInternational Food Policy Research Institute, Washington DC
Devi Prasad JuvvadiCenter for Good Governance, HyderabadInternational Conference on "Governance and Service Delivery in Agriculture and Allied Sectors"
International Conference on "Governance and Service Delivery in Agriculture and Allied Sectors"
Hyderabad, December 18, 2014
This presentation will cover
1. Emerging Issues in Agricultural Development and Why Governance in Agriculture is important
2. Definitions of Governance applied to agriculture
3. A conceptual framework for Analysis Governance in Agriculture
4. Applications to Agricultural Development Challenges
5. Specific Priorities and Constraints
6. Concluding Remarks
EMERGING ISSUES
•Recent Food Crisis and Food price volatility
•Sustainable Production Systems•Climate Smart Agriculture•Agricultural – Nutrition- Health Linkages
•Improving Markets and Trade in Agriculture
•Building Resilience in Food and Agriculture Systems
•Strengthening Institutions and Governance
•Resolving these require Good Governance
WHY STUDY GOVERNANCE IN AGRICULTURE?
• Poor governance in various subsectors stifle progress in agriculture development
• Large wastage of resources prevention spending on productive investments
• Low morality of the public servants• Low quality of inputs – seeds and fertilizers to the farmers
• Low standards and marketing regulations increase transaction costs and reduces income of the farmers
• Poor regulation of food safety laws affect consumers
• Unorganized regulatory system for biotechnology affects adoption of new technologies
• More examples could be said that are context specific.
DEFINITIONS OF GOVERNANCE
Several Definitions Exist:
•Governance as the manner in which power is exercised in the management of a country’s economic and social resources for development. (Asian Development Bank)
OVERSEAS DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE DEFINITION
•Formation and stewardship of the formal and informal rules that regulate the environment in which state and other players interact to make decisions (ODI).
UNDP DEFINITION
•Governance is the exercise of political, economic, and administrative authority in the management of a country’s affairs including mechanisms, processes, and institutions through which citizens and groups articulate their interests, exercise their legal rights, meet their obligations, and mediate their (UNDP)
WORLD BANK DEFINITION
•Traditions and institutions by which authority in a country is exercised such as selection of governments, capacity to formulate and implement policies and the respect for institutions that govern the interactions of the state and its citizens (World Bank).
AGRICULTURAL GOVERNANCE INVOLVES
•Agricultural development process which improves:
•Organization and management of Institutions
•Effective functioning of the institutions•Design and implementation of policies•Development of rules and regulations to support policies and laws
•Ensuring active participation of all stakeholders at all levels
MAJOR PRINCIPLES OF GOOD GOVERNANCE (UNDP)
•Participation•Consensus-orientation•Accountability•Transparency•Responsiveness•Equity and inclusiveness•Effectiveness and efficiency•Consistency with the rule of law.
INDICATORS OF GOOD GOVERNANCE
•Voice and accountability •Political stability and absence of violence
•Government effectiveness •Regulatory quality•Rule of law•Control of corruption
Source: Kraufmann, D. & Kraay, A. 2002. Growth without governance. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No.
2928.
GOVERNANCE IN AGRICULTURE
• Agricultural Governance depends on the governance of various sub sectors
• Land sector• Input supply systems – eg: seed, fertilizer, mechanization
• Output marketing systems• Market institutions
– Food processing sector– Food safety systems
• Agricultural education institutions• Agricultural research institutions• Agricultural extension institutions
ANALYSIS OF AGRICULTURAL GOVERNANCE
A Conceptual Framework for Analyzing Agricultural Governance
Agricultural Governance
Agricultural Subsectors
Land Sector
Input supply and Delivery
Output Supply systems
Marketing and Trade
Agricultural Research
Agricultural Educaiton
Agricultural Extension
Governance Indicators **********
Voice and accountability
Political stability and absence of violence
Government effectiveness
Regulatory quality
Rule of law
Control of corruption
AN HYPOTHETICAL EXAMPLE FOR DEVELOPING AN AGRICULTURAL
GOVERNANCE INDEX
•Enlist different sub sectors of the agriculture •Apply a set of indicators of governance to each of them – a range from 0-1
•Conduct a key informants interviews to find out the values of the indicators
•Combine them to form an index at the sub sector level
•Combine the sub sector indexes into aggregate level Agricultural Governance Index
•An example is given next – could be done for comparing – districts, states, countries.
AGRICULTURE GOVERNANCE INDEXCombining Governance Indicators for Sub-Sectors of Agriculture