ANALYSIS OF 75 KW ROOFTOP MOUNTED SOLAR PANEL ...

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ANALYSIS OF 75 KW ROOFTOP MOUNTED SOLAR PANEL

IN GHRIEM, JALGAON.

Rohan Rane *1

, Vishal Patil *2

, Rohini Patil*3

, Durga Koli*4

,

Rajendra Sharma*5

, Prof. Bhagyashri Patil*6

*1,2,3,4,5 UG Student, Dept. of EEE, G. H. Raisoni Institute of Engineering and Management, Jalgaon, MH, India.

*6

Asst. Prof. Bhagyashri Patil, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, G. H. Raisoni Institute of Engineering and

Management, Jalgaon, India.

ABSTRACT

The objective of this paper work is to analyse the performance of a 75kw capacity rooftop solar panel installed

in GHRIEM, Jalgaon. Consumption of electricity is now increasing day by day over the world. The electric

power finds its application in all the sphere. Converting the solar energy from the sun into the electrical power is

one of the best and reliable way to reduce the consumption of conventional resources like fossil fuel. Owing to

the huge price and less efficiency of the solar panels, it is not used in most of the electrical applications. By

detailed analysis of plant, we could determine that the various performance aspects and make or recommends

changes accordingly to improve the efficiency and utilization of plant optimally.

The Paper that‟s includes the comparison of the current electricity bill with the bill before installation of solar

panel system and conducting detailed analysis to understand the Energy consumption (kWh). It also includes the

detail study and analysis of the direct and indirect advantages of installing a solar panel in this institution for e.g.

bill savings, tax savings and power being supplied return to the grid.

KEYWORDS: - PV Cell, Array, Solar Panel, String, Insolation, Performance Ratio.

I. INTRODUCTION

Solar Photovoltaic (PV) is a „clean and Green‟ energy because it harnesses energy from the sun which is one of

the Non-Conventional energy resource. Our planet earth is constantly receiving the abundant amount of the solar

energy from the sun, so why not utilize it? Overall solar Power is an Eco-friendly solution in a country that uses

large amounts of energy. Now the solar power generation system is trouble- free, long lasting and less costly

power solution. Lack of grid power, Unexpected power cuts, increasing power bills and maintenance




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requirement are history. What‟s more, Photovoltaic (PV) they are Environment friendly too!

Solar Photovoltaic (PV) System produce the power which is DC by harnessing the energy from the Sun. They

can be used either a single-module or multiple-module systems to achieve the current or voltage need of a wide

range of applications with its nominal power, it‟s mostly suited to utility grid systems and traditional

applications of the PV such as Telecommunications, grid connect and standalone systems. Inverter does the

function of converting DC power produced by the Solar modules to AC power along with many other

supporting operations required for proper functioning of PV system & export power to Grid. The good potential

of Solar Power and the trust given by the Central & State Government of India are utilizing the abundant Solar

Power in the State of Maharashtra for Power generation, G. H. Raisoni Institute of Engineering and

Management Jalgaon is proposing to set up to 75KWp Roof Top Solar PV based Power Plant in Maharashtra

state.

The main objective is to study the generated voltage and power in rooftop Solar PV station of 75KWp and to

connect the load requirements in GHRIEM Campus.

II. LITERATURE REVIEW

Prof. K.P. Varade et al. “Case Study On 100 Kw Solar Power Plant in SVIT College of Engineering, Nashik”,

International Journal of Advance Research and Innovative Ideas in Education (IJARIIE) (Volume 03) ISSN(O)-

2395-4396 Issue-2 2017 [1].

Solar photovoltaic (PV) is considered „clean and green‟ energy because it assesses energy from a Non-

Conventional resource: the sun. Our planet earth is continuously acquiring huge amount of solar energy from the

sun, so why we not utilize it? Overall solar is an Eco-friendly and cost effective solution in a society that uses

large amounts of energy. Now the solar power generation System is trouble- free, long lasting and cost effective

power solution. Lack of the grid power, Unpredictable power cuts, increasing the power bills and maintenance

requirement are history. What‟s more, they PV are Environment-friendly too!

India is both lethargically populated and has high solar availability, providing an ideal combination for Solar

Power in India. Power is most essential for a development of the nation. In order to bring down the dependence

of finite fossil fuel for power generation, it is crucial to look into the growth of generating power locally using

Non-Conventional energy sources and mainly from the solar energy.

Auspiciously, India are lies in sunny regions of the world. Almost all parts of India received 4.7 kWh of solar

radiation per square meter per day with 300-325 sunny days in a year. India has ample solar resources, as it

receives about 3000 hours of sunshine every year, equivalent to over 5,000 trillion kWh. India can freely use the

available solar energy which is ample amount on the earth. Today the Government is reassuring generation of

electricity from various renewable energy sources such as wind, solar, small hydro, biomass by giving various

fiscal & financial incentives.

Government of India has separately build up a Ministry called MNRE - Ministry of New Renewable Energy for

the promotion of Power Generation through Renewable Energy. The Ministry has been fascinating the

complementing of broad spectrum program‟s including curb renewable power/ Energy (make use of one),




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renewable energy to rural areas for lighting, cooking and motive power, use of Non-Conventional energy in

urban, industrial and commercial applications and development of alternate fuels and applications.

III. MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY

Rooftop Photovoltaic (PV) system dwell of the various electrical and mechanical components which helps the

process of energy conversion efficiently and effectively. The components of PV system include the PV arrays

mounted on the roof, charge controller, and power converter devices. Fig. 1 shows the schematic view of the

solar PV system considered for this studies under the local parameters of Jalgaon, India. The details of the site

location are presented in Table I.

Table-1: PV Plant Site Location and Station Identification:

The specifications of the PV plant considered for simulation are show in Table II.

Table-2: Specifications of Rooftop PV Plant:

PARAMETER/COMPONENT VALUE

DC system size 5 kW 75Kw

Module type Multi Crystalline

Array type Fixed roof

Array tilt 18°

Loss Fraction 0.5 % at STC

Inverter efficiency 98.3%

DC to AC size ratio 1:1

Average cost of electricity Rs. 4.50/kWh

PARAMETER NAME OR VALUE

PV Plant Location Coimbatore, India Jalgaon, Maharashtra India

Weather Data Source (IN) Gridded 10 km Satellite Data 5.5

km.

Latitude 11.05 °N 20º 57‟ 42” N

Longitude 76.95 °E 75º 33‟ 11” E

Average annual solar radiation 5.99 Wh/m2/day




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IV. COMPONENT OF PV SYSTEM

Grid-connected systems: In this case, the solar power plant system is connecting with the grid system which

provides the output reference power source and is also an unlimited storage option which can be supply

electrical power whenever solar radiation is not available. The main components of the Grid-connected Rooftop

Solar Power Plant Generation System are as follows:

a) PV Module b) Inverter

c) Module Mounting Structure d) Balance of System

Fig-1(a): Typical view of solar PV system

Brief description of each of the components is presented below:

1. PV MODULES:

The Photovoltaic(PV) Panels are such a device that converts solar energy which is coming from the sun into the

electricity which is supplied to either grid system or to the storage system. PV modules are generally made by

combining the number of PV cells, Silicon are most commonly used for manufacture the PV module. After all

the different types of the PV modules have their different characteristics (in terms of their efficiency, cost,

performance in low irradiation levels, degradation rate), no single type is suitable for all projects. Good quality

PV Panel generally have a useful life is of about 25 to 30 years. It is important to determine the quality of PV

panel for use in the projects.

2. INVERTER:

The inverter is the device that's converts the DC power produced by the PV modules by absorbing solar

irradiance from the sun into AC power. The AC power is then either entered the grid system or consumed on

consumer site. For grid-connected rooftop solar power plant applications, inverters come are in the standard

sizes which is ranging from a few hundred watts to hundreds of kilowatts, depending on plant size. These

inverters are generally string inverters, which have smaller capacities (typically < 90 kW), Inverters also do

energy monitoring functions.




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3. MODULE MOUNTING STRUCTURE:

The mounting structure, or solar tracking system, is the support structure that holds the PV panels at some angle

in which it can absorbed large amount of energy more efficiently from the sun and increase generation, and have

a stable structural support in various weather condition. Mounting structures which holds the solar panel which

can be either fixed or tracking. Fixed tilt mounting systems are very simple, lesser in maintenance and cost

effective than tracking systems. Due to these reasons, the fixed tilt mounting structures are generally used in

India.

4. BALANCE OF SYSTEM:

Balance of system (BOS) consist of cables, switchboards, junction boxes, meters, etc. Electricity meters record

the amount of electricity consumed and/or produced (in KWh and KVAh) by a customer within premises. In

extension to the metering of the net energy consumption or production of a grid-connected rooftop solar PV

system, most regulations in India on metering also stipulate the location of a n energy meter for measuring the

generation of the PV array.

V. PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS

Capacity utilization factor = Energy measured in (kwh) / (365*24*installed capacity)

Performance ratio = Energy measured in (kwh) / (Generated energy *Active area* module efficiency)

Table-3: Performance Statics:

SR. NO. Month Measured Energy

(Mwh)

Performance Ratio

(%)

1 JUN 2.35 51

2 JULY 2.85 62

3 AUG 2.07 45

4 SEPT 2.21 48

5 OCT 2.49 55

6 NOV 2.76 60

7 DEC 3.22 70

8 JAN 2.39 52

9 FEB 2.95 64

10 MAR 2.58 56

11 APR 2.58 56

12 MAY 1.83 40

Total 2.53 54.91




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Fig-1(b): Performance Graph.

KEY FINDINGS:

Proper distance between inverter and panel:

The distance between the panel erected and the inverter is proper which reduces high dc power losses in cable.

Shorter the cable length will less is the power losses so inverter to panel distance is kept small.

Proper selection of module technology:

Efficiency and performance of solar plant also depends upon the module technology selected. The selected

technology is PHOTOOVOLTAIC which is cost effective and efficient in today world.

Less optimization due to fixed tilt angle:

The plant commissioned is at fixed tilt angle 15 degree so we cannot optimize plant at its full efficiency. This

we can see in performance analysis.

Inverter down time should consider:

As this plant is grid connected due to the various power quality aspects inverter trips too frequently which

increases the down time of plant results in poor optimization.

Operating temperature should consider:

Inadvertent of other seasons in summer the operating temperature of photovoltaic (PV) cells crosses the critical

operating temperature which will decrease the efficiency of solar plant due to semiconductor loss.

Storage system unavailable:

The solar plant which is grid connected so this plant is only useful in day time. In night campus needs to be

depend on the MSEB supply only as there is no storage system.

Irregular spacing between the modules- effect of shadow:

The plant erected does not meet the proper distance a measurement so there is shadow effect occurs on panel.




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So, afternoon 2 hours' energy generation are get affected by this shadow effect.

VI. BILL COMPARISION AND SOLAR IRRADIANCE

Compare GHRIEMJ electricity consumption and present payable unit after installation of the solar plant. The

reduction in payable units is substantial and the same is also depicture in figure IV:

Table-4: Compares GHRIEMJ Electricity Consumption and Present Payable Units:

Month Import

from

Grid

(Kwh)

Export

to Grid

(Kwh)

Solar

Generation

By

GHRIEMJ

(Kwh)

Solar

Consumption

(Kwh)

GHRIEMJ

Consumption

To Be Paid

by

GHRIEMJ

(Kwh)

Reduction

in Payable

Units By

GHRIEMJ

(%)

May 17057 525 6302.14 5777.14 22834.14 16532 27.599

Jun 12645 1038 6100 5062 17707 11607 34.44

Jul 13666 914 6919 6005 19671 12752 35.17

Aug 12325 1536 7994 6458 18783 10789 42.55

Sep 10559 2967 8722 5755 16314 7592 53.46

Oct 8899 3398 9682 6284 15183 5501 63.76

Nov 7598 4693 8975 4282 11880 5501 75.54

Dec 8683 3974 9808 5834 14517 2905 67.56

Jan 8942 3756 9537 5781 14723 5186 64.77

Feb 12519 2099 10852 8753 21272 10420 5101

Mar 13649 1622 11624 10002 23651 12027 49.14

Apr 12148 1756 11547 9791 21939 10392 52.63




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Fig-2(a): Monthly Electricity consumption and payable unit

Fig-2(b): Solar Irradiance data of Jalgaon after solar installation at GHRIEMJ.

VII. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Photovoltaic (PV) which is also called solar cell was first discovered in 1954 after the lot of research around

photoelectric technologies and beginning to use the sun‟s energy for other purposes. Now, the solar is

continuously used around all over the world in many of the application like water heating, cooking etc. and this

will have verified as a cost effective and consistently work well. like the most of other technology, solar has

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9Solar Irradiance

Solar Irradiance

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr

Bill Comparision

GHRIEMJ Consumption To be paid by GHRIEMJ




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enhanced immensely over time, gaining more efficiency and becoming a more viable option for homes and

businesses. Solar PV can be ambitious to understand, especially when you are thinking about using it for your

home or business use. There is a long list of the various things that will be required to be consider, but the first

step is to the understand the basic technology behind the panels. Solar panels or module is the various

combination of solar cells that engrossing heat energy from the sun. Once this energy is captured, an inverter

which is used to convert the solar power which is captured from the sun into electrical power so that it is used

within our home to power. Though you may not be able to produce the enough energy to meet 100% of appeal

of the electricity for your home, solar PV can still help you save a lot of money. Solar photovoltaic (PV) module

or panels generally produce DC electricity. They may be used in single-module and multiple-module systems to

meet the current or voltage requirements of a wide range of applications with its nominal power, it‟s well-suited

to the utility grid systems and traditional applications of photovoltaic such as Telecommunications, grid connect

and standalone systems. Inverter does the function of converting the DC energy produced by Solar panel or

module to Alternating Current (AC) power along with many other approving operations required for the proper

functioning of solar power plant system & export power to the Grid system.

Solar energy is the ultimate alive and efficient way to make our nation independent and self-sufficient from

electrical Power. most of the industrialized country like India have installed solar power plant that compelling

solar power capacity into their electrical grids system to supplement or provide an alternative to conventional

energy sources while an increasing number of less developed nations must be turned to solar to reduce

dependence on expensive imported fuels. Germany, Japan, China and the United States are major markets for

solar cells. With tax incentives, the solar electricity can often pay for itself in five to ten years.

Solar power in India:

In the developing countries like our India, solar and power energy is a growing need for the progress of the

country. As power inadequacy are continue, peak shortage is a critical problem that has stifled industrial growth,

and back-up generation is becoming increasingly expensive. effective major is being taken and now solar energy

in India has become the fast-growing industry. International equipment suppliers are pay more attention to the

Indian market and are developing specific pricing and product strategies for India. India are ranked number one

in solar electricity production per watt installed, with an insolation of 1700 to 1900 kilowatt hours per kilowatt

peak (kWh/KWp). India‟s first solar power project (with a capacity of 5 MW) are registered under the Clean

Development Mechanism. The project is in Sivagangai Village, Sivaganga district, Tamil Nadu. India saw a

sudden rise in use of solar electricity Energy. Recent growth has been over 3,000 MW per year and is set to be

increase yet further.

VIII. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

A) Advantages:

Solar panel or Module supply Direct Current which is clean and green energy. the solar cell does not

produce any greenhouse gas emissions during operation thus solar PV is Eco-friendly.

The energy which is convoke from the sun is free and available in huge amount. the grid connected solar

systems which is also called ON-grid are very economical and the easy to install on rooftops of Educational

Institutions without any interference to Institutional lifestyle.




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Solar panels cost is currently on a fast reducing track and it is expected that the cost of solar panel are

reducing in the next few years consequently the solar PV panels has absolutely a highly promising future

both for economic viability and environmental sustainability.

Operating and maintenance costs for the PV panels are become low, almost negligible as compared to the

costs of other energy sources like wind, Tidal etc.

Solar PV panels does not contain any mechanically moving parts, except in cases of sun-tracking

mechanism. consequently, they have far less deterioration or require less maintenance than other renewable

energy systems (e.g. wind turbines)

Solar PV panels are completely silent it does not produce any sound during operation consequently, this are

an excellent solution for urban areas and for Institutional applications.

Because of the solar energy is correspond with energy needs for cooling, PV panels or module can provide

an excellent solution to energy appeal peaks – especially in the hot summer months where energy demand

is in a peak.

Though solar energy panels prices have seen a drastic reduction in the past years, and are still falling, solar

panels are one of most renewable energy systems or Non- Conventional system that are promoted through

the government subsidy funding (FITs, tax credits etc.); thus, because of financial encouragement for PV

module. The Photovoltaic panel make solar energy is an attractive investment alternative.

B) Disadvantages:

Out of all Renewable energy sources, only the solar energy has intermittent issues that it is not shining at

night but also during daylight there may be cloudy or rainy weather.

Because of unpredictable nature of solar energy and its intermittency the solar panel are less reliable.

Solar energy panels are required additional equipment (inverters) to convert direct electricity (DC) to

alternating electricity (AC) in order to be used on the power network.

For the uninterrupted supply of electric power, especially for grid connected system, Photovoltaic panels

require not only Inverters but also storage batteries; thus, increasing the investment cost for PV panels

considerably

Solar panels efficiency levels are become relatively low (between 14%-25%) compared to the efficiency

levels of other renewable energy systems.

The solar panels are fragile and can be damaged relatively easily; additional insurance costs are also most

important to safeguard a Photovoltaic (PV) investment.

IX. CONCLUSION

Efficiency of solar power plant can be enhanced by using the above proposed techniques or solution which

is about 15 to 30 percentage.

Thus, the college campus can look forward towards full independency from the MSEB supply.

While implementing the enhanced techniques capital cost increases but return period is significantly

decreases which is indirectly beneficial.

Although solar power is good earning potential to college by giving extra energy to grid through net

metering by increasing current energy generation.




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ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Whenever we are standing on most difficult step of the dream of our life, we often remember the great Almighty

God for his blessing and kind help. And they always help us in tracking off the problems by some mean in our

lifetime. We feel great pleasure to present the Case study on “Analysis of 75 Kw Rooftop Mounted Solar

Power Plant at GHRIEM, Jalgaon”. Foremost, we would like to show our heartfelt indebtedness to my Guide

Prof. B. S. PATIL whose valuable guidance has helped us to make this case study a reality. We would like to

convey my sincere gratitude to the H.O.D. Prof B. S. PATIL and all staff members of ELECTRICAL

DEPARTMENT for their support and valuable help which they have always provided me.

X. REFERENCES

[1] Prof. K.P. Varade et al. “Case Study On 100 Kw Solar Power Plant in SVIT College of Engineering,

Nashik”, International Journal of Advance Research and Innovative Ideas in Education (IJARIIE)

(Volume 03) ISSN(O)-2395-4396 Issue-2 2017.

[2] Prof. Alper Nabi Akpolat et. al. In August 2019, “Performance Analysis of a Grid-connected Roof Top

Solar Photovoltaic System.”

[3] Prof. Rezaul Karim et. al. In 2015, “Solar PV System Design & Installation at Roof Top to Partial

Fulfilment of Elevators and Common Load,” Global Engineering, Science & Technology Conference,

18-19 Dec 2015, BIAM Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

[4] Trishan Esram and Patrick L. Chapman, “Comparison of Photovoltaic Array Maximum Power Point

Tracking Techniques,” IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, Vol. 22, No. 2, June 2007.

[5] Hung-I Hsieh, Jen-Hao Hsieh, et al., “A Study of High-Frequency Photovoltaic Pulse Charger for Lead-

Acid Battery Guided by PI-INC MPPT”.

[6] K.H. Hussein, I. Muta, T. Hoshino and M. Osakada, “Maximum photovoltaic power tracking: an

algorithm for rapidly changing atmospheric conditions,” IEEE Generation Transmission and Distribution,

Vol. 142, No. 1, Jan. 1955.

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