An introduction to openness in education

An introduction to openness in education

Fabio NascimbeniUNIR

Content

1. Openness in education2. OER3. MOOCs4. Examples of Open Education Practices5. Spain and Latin America6. A glance on the future

1. Openness in education

• Alternative copyright Licensing

• A range of financial models

• Affordances of the Internet

• Change in philosophy

Social Technical

LegalFinancial

What has enabled Open Education?

The range of "Open"

eInfranet Report – FP7

Correspondence courses, Distance

Universities

open content (1998)

1st cMOOC (2008)

Open Universities (OUUK, OUNL, UOC…)

Increasing number of Open Access papers & journals

UK Finch report

1st EU MOOC platform

1985 1990-2000 2001-2002 2006-2011 2012 2013

OU

OER

OA

MOOCs

History of Open Education

1960's–1970's19th century

Alternative & Progressive education

Computer Assisted Instruction (1970)

Budapest Open Access Initiative

Non mainstreameducation

Digital learning

resources

FreeSoftware

/GNU

Creative Commons

(2002)

Open Classrooms/Ed

ucation

MIT OCW (2001)

OER Def. (UNESCO

2002) O

ER u

nive

risty

1st Stanford xMOOC (2011)

Certi

ficati

on

Voukkari 2013

2. OER

Open Educational Resources“...educational materials and resources

offered freely and openly for anyone to use and under some license to re-mix, improve and redistribute.”

Atkins et al. 2007; OECD & CERI 2007 or Cape Town Declaration, 2007 or UNESCO and COL 2011.

• Make and own copiesRetain• Use in a wide range of

waysReuse• Adapt, modify, and

improveRevise

• Combine two or moreRemix

• Share with othersRedistribute

The 5Rs

OER example: Open Textbooks

• Copy & paste, annotate, highlight √• Text to speech or hyperlink √• Format change √• Move material to other computer √• Print out √• Move geographically √• No expiry date √• Reuse/Remix/Mash √• Retain privacy and digital rights √√

Mc Greal 2014

Alternative copyright Licensing

3. MOOCs

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC)

• According to Oxford Dictionary, a MOOC is a course of study made available over the Internet without charge to a very large number of people

• MOOCs are appealing to the masses• Can bring a global perspective

Bonvillian, W., & Singer, S. (2013). The Online Challenge to Higher Education. Issues in Science and Technology. P. 23 – 30.

High profile MOOCs

https://wikipedia.org

Plourde, M.. Mathplourde on Flickr http://www.flickr.com/photos/mathplourde/8620174342/sizes/l/in/photostream/

Debate on MOOCs

4. EXAMPLES OF OPEN EDUCATION PRACTICES

The Khan Academy

YouTube (with CC licensing)

Wikipedia

OER Commons

Open learning object repository: Merlot

Open textbooks: Connexions

Wikimedia

5. Spain and Latin America

Villar-Onrubia, Daniel, Assessing Awareness on Open Education by Means of Online Research Tools (June 17, 2012). Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2085585 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2085585

Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México

The language gap is a significant obstacle. Yet even if OER is translated to the local language an adaptation would still be needed.

Contextualization of resources presents significant obstacles, where local content development is crucial.

“The simple existence of free and open material is necessary but

not sufficient for wide scale

adoption and use”

Source: Oportunidad project, 2013

A glance on the future…

The future…

• Challenging traditional institutions

• New business models emerging

• Need for appropriate pedagogies

• Disaggregation of education– High quality resources– Learning pathways– Support– Accreditation

Source: Coole, 2013

https://oerknowledgecloud.com/

www.emundusatlas.org