An Evaluation of the Wireless Internet Radio Network on the University of Nigeria, Nsukka Campus By Fifty 4th Year Students of the Department of Electronic.

An Evaluation of the Wireless Internet Radio Network

on the University of Nigeria, Nsukka Campus

ByFifty 4th Year Students of the Department of Electronic Engineering,

University of Nigeria, Nsukka.

Lecturer: Prof. A Nzeakor

January 2008.

EXPECTATIONEXPECTATION

Produce a signal-strength map around each of the radio hotspots, using a laptop/notebook or any measuring instrument of their choice. The monitoring/recording shall be on daily basis, and the map produced on weekly basis.

Explain/determine/investigate/develop the basic scientific principles underlying this signal strength variation around the hotspot, giving mathematical models (expressions), measuring parameters and the best methods and instruments for the measurement.

Comment on the quality of service of the overall radio network within the campus and proffer solution for better quality of service.

GENERAL

GROUPLEADER

ATA ONA N.

SUB GROUP 1LEADER

EKWUNIFE CHINEDU

SUB GROUP 2 LEADER

AMADI ANTHONY C.

SUB GROUP 3 LEADER

AJAH GENESIS N.

SUB GROUP 4 LEADER

EZE CHIOMA

SUB GROUP 5

EZE AMUCHE

SUB GROUP 6LEADER

ATA ONA N.

SUB GROUP 7LEADER

ASIEGBU CHIAGOZIE

SUB GROUP 8 LEADER

ELEKE CHUKWUDI

EKEH ABEL

ALEKE AUGUSTINE

AGALAMANYI CHUKA

ABADOM OSMOND

AGBO CORNELIUS

EDOZIE NWABUEZE

ANYANWU OKECHUKWU

AGBO A. O.

AGHAHOVWIA BLESSING

AGU CHRISTOPHER

AGBO EKENE C

EZE CORNELIUS

AMARAIHI EMMASON

AGOSI REMY CHIKA

EZE ANTHONY

BEREFAGHA PAGAYE

AGBO CHIBUZO

AHANEKU UCHE

AKAI STEPHEN

ALADINO NATHAN EFE

ANOSIKE FRANCIS

AMOBI CLEMENT

EGE JUDE

ANAKA N. O.

ANUEYIAGU VIRTUS

ADINDU PRINCE

ARUAH BRENDAN

ASOGWA B. C.

ASONYE J. C.

EGWUONWU FREDRICK

EZEAH CHIOMA

AZUMARA CHARLES

CHINWEZE B. C.

CHUKWU SAMUEL

EGERSON JESSE

EGBINE FREDRICK

ATABA FLORENCE

AJAWUIHE VICTOR

ETIKO CHIJIOKE

EKEH SAMSON O.

ENETE CHRISTIAN

EZE E. I.

PLANNING

LOGISTICS

8 MEASURING TAPES FOR EACH SUB-GROUP 4 LAPTOPS WITH WIRELESS NETWORK

CARDS MEASUREMENTS TAKEN IN STEPS OF 50M PEGS FOR DENOTING PARTICULAR

DISTANCES

WIRELESS TERMINOLOGIES

Wireless Technology Hotspots MAC address verification Wireless Client Devices Wireless Access Points SSIDs

The MIS Building

The MIS Building

MIS Building

MIS ANTENNA(SECTORISED ARRAY ANTENNA)

Wireless

Causes of Signal Variation

The signals are transmitted through wireless medium, which cannot be represented as an Ideal Band Pass Filter

Signal band Received band

REASON

This is because our medium of data transfer is not a lossless medium. On the contrary, loses occur as a result of the following phenomena:

Attenuation Interference Multi-path scattering

Attenuation is the weakening of a signal as it gets farther away from the source.

Distance is a major cause of attenuation in transmission, as demonstrated below:

The effect of distance on the strength of electromagnetic waves in free space is given by the following equation:

P (proportional to) 1/r2

For Terrestrial transmission the equation is


Interference is the extraneous transmission of two signals and its effect is generally more destructive than constructive.

The wireless radio network on the campus operates on the 2.4GHz microwave band, which incidentally, is the band for Bluetooth.


For Terrestrial transmission the equation is


Interference is the extraneous transmission of two signals and its effect is generally more destructive than constructive.

The wireless radio network on the campus operates on the 2.4GHz microwave band, which incidentally, is the band for Bluetooth.

Effect of Interference

Wireless

Multi-path scattering is a phenomenon where a signal reaches a receiver from multiple paths due to part of the signal bouncing off from various objects. If these signals arrive at the receiver out of phase, they can cancel each other.

Multi-path scattering

Metallic objects particularly buildings do not allow much penetration of EM waves

A scientific explanation was provided by Scientist Karl Friedrich Gauss, using his metal sphere analogy. Gauss Law states that the charge enclosed by a closed surface is a result of the cumulative electric field density in the enclosure.

D.ds = Q In metallic enclosures, there is negligible

electric field density and therefore little or no electric field strength or signal.

FIELD WORK ANALYSIS

The field work was done on the basis of random statistics. (The various readings were taken from hotspots at different times of different days which helped in providing a generalized variation of the Quality of Service (QoS)).

Distance Covered

At Base Point (Reference point) 50 meters 100 meters 150 meters 200 meters

MEASUREMENT PARAMETERS

Channel Number Mac Address Frequency variations (were generally 2.4GHz.)

OTHER NETWORKS DETECTED

unnEducation unnEngineering unnHomeScience Hiconet ictCenter Linksys

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

Distance

Day1(16th)

Day2(17th)

Day3(18th)

Day4(19th)

Day5(20th)

Day6(21st)

Day7(22nd)

Days

Engineering Signal Variation

Distance

Signal Strength

Signal

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

Distance

Day1(16th)

Day2(17th)

Day3(18th)

Day4(19th)

Day5(20th)

Day6(21st)

Day7(22nd)

Days

Arts Signal Variation

Distance

Signal Strength

Signal

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

Distance

Day1(16th)

Day2(17th)

Day3(18th)

Day4(19th) Day5(20th)

Day6(21st)

Day7(22nd)

Days

Education Signal Variation

Distance

Signal Strength

Signal

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

Distance

Day1(16th)

Day2(17th)

Day3(18th)

Day4(19th)

Day5(20th)

Day6(21st)

Day7(22nd)

Days

Abuja Signal Variation

Distance

Signal Strength

Signal

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

Distance

Day1(16th)

Day2(17th)

Day3(18th)

Day4(19th)

Day5(20th)

Day6(21st)

Day7(22nd)

Days

VET MED Signal Variation

Distance

Signal Strength

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

Distance

Day1(16th)

Day2(17th)

Day3(18th)

Day4(19th)

Day5(20th)

Day6(21st)

Day7(22nd)

Days

Jimbaz Signal Variation

Distance

Signal Strength

Signal

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

Distance

Day1(16th)

Day2(17th)

Day3(18th)

Day4(19th)

Day5(20th)

Day6(21st)

Day7(22nd)

Days

Home Scence & Nutrition

Distance

Signal Strength

Signal

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

Distance

Day1(16th)

Day2(17th)

Day3(18th)

Day4(19th)

Day5(20th)

Day6(21st)

Day7(22nd)

Days

Social Science Signal Variation

Distance

Signal Strength

LIMITATIONS DURING SURVEYLIMITATIONS DURING SURVEY

Inaccessibility

Limited materials

Poor measuring materials

Inexperience

PROBLEMSPROBLEMS

Obstacles

No signal inside buildings

Poor signal in lower elevations

Excellent signals, no internet service

PROFERRED SOLUTIONSPROFERRED SOLUTIONS

Higher transmission power

Indoor transceivers

Height of Installed antenna

Manpower

Quality of Service (QoS)

End-user’s satisfaction

Service availability

Value for money

Support services for the end-user

CONCLUSION

Conclusively, in delivering an efficient hotspot service, some requirements must be met.

CoverageSignal qualityAvailable internet service; among others

University of Nigeria, Nsukka already has a good platform, all that is necessary is to improve their services

REFERENCESREFERENCES

Jeffrey Wheat, Itisei Randy, Tockey Jackie, Neely Alicia, McCullough Andy “Designing a wireless.pdf”. Syngress Publishing Inc., Rockland, MA 02370, 2001.

Campus Network Fundamentals, Copyright 2006, Cisco Press.

Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi), www.about.com

All About Wireless Networks, www.howstuffswork.com

Thank you for listening

An Evaluation of the Wireless Internet Radio Network on the University of Nigeria, Nsukka Campus By Fifty 4th Year Students of the Department of Electronic.

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