An Assignment On UAVs AND MAVs & ANATOMY OF AN AIRCRAFT

An Assignment On

UAVs AND MAVs

&

ANATOMY OF AN AIRCRAFT

G. R. Krishna Chand Avatar

BE 1st Year (Aerospace Engineering)

SID : 14101033

DEFINITION

An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), commonly known as a drone and referred to as

a Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA) by the International Civil Aviation Organization

(ICAO), is an aircraft without a human pilot aboard. Its flight is controlled either

autonomously by onboard computers or by the remote control of a pilot on the ground or

in another vehicle. The typical launch and recovery method of an unmanned aircraft is by the

function of an automatic system or an external operator on the ground.

Historically, UAVs were simple remotely piloted aircraft, but autonomous control is

increasingly being employed. They are usually deployed for military and special operation

applications, but also used in a small but growing number of civil applications, such as

policing and firefighting, and nonmilitary security work, such as surveillance of pipelines.

UAVs are often preferred for missions that are too "dull, dirty or dangerous" for manned

aircraft.

CLASSIFICATION

UAVs typically fall into one of six functional categories:

Target and decoy – providing ground and aerial gunnery a target that simulates

an enemy aircraft or missile

Reconnaissance – providing battlefield intelligence

Combat – providing attack capability for high-risk missions

Logistics – UAVs specifically designed for cargo and logistics operation

Research and development – used to further develop UAV technologies to be

integrated into field deployed UAV aircraft

Civil and Commercial UAVs – UAVs specifically designed for civil and

commercial applications

APPLICATIONS

1. Remote sensing:

UAV remote sensing functions include electromagnetic spectrum (EM)

sensors, gamma ray sensors, biological sensors, and chemical sensors.

2. Commercial aerial surveillance:

Surveillance applications include livestock monitoring, wildfire mapping, pipeline

security, home security, road patrol, and anti-piracy.

3. Commercial and motion picture filmmaking

4. Sports:

Drones are starting to be used in sports photography and cinematography. For

example, they were used in the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi for filming skiing and

snowboarding events. Some advantages of using unmanned aerial vehicles in sports are

that they allow video to get closer to the athletes, they are more flexible than cable-

suspended camera systems.

5. Domestic policing & Maritime Patrol

6. Oil, gas and mineral exploration and production:

UAVs can be used to perform geophysical surveys, in particular geomagnetic

surveys where the processed measurements of the Earth's differential magnetic field

strength are used to calculate the nature of the underlying magnetic rock structure.

7. Disaster relief:

UAVs transport medicines and vaccines, and retrieve medical samples, into and

out of remote or otherwise inaccessible regions. Drones can help in disaster relief by

gathering information from across an affected area. Drones can also help by building a

picture of the situation and giving recommendations for how people should direct their

resources to mitigate damage and save lives.

8. Scientific research:

Unmanned aircraft are especially useful in penetrating areas that may be too

dangerous for manned aircraft.

9. Armed attacks:

The advantage of using an unmanned vehicle rather than a manned aircraft in

such cases is to avoid a diplomatic embarrassment should the aircraft be shot down and

the pilots captured, since the bombings take place in countries deemed friendly and

without the official permission of those countries.

E.g. MQ-1 Predator UAVs armed with Hellfire missiles are increasingly used by

the U.S. as platforms for hitting ground targets.

10. Aerial target practice in training of human pilots

11. Search and rescue:

UAVs have been tested as airborne lifeguards, locating distressed swimmers using

thermal cameras and dropping life preservers to plural swimmers.

12. Conservation:

UAVs are used to keep an eagle’s eye on the various protected areas meant for

flora and fauna to prevent its exploitation and possible poaching.

E.g. in June 2012, WWF announced it will begin using UAVs in Nepal to aid

conservation efforts following a successful trial of two aircraft in Chitwan National

Park, with ambitions to expand to other countries, such as Tanzania and Malaysia.

13. E-Commerce purposes:

UAVs are proposed to be used for the delivery of small consignments to the

people by e-commerce giants like Amazon, etc.

E.g. In December 2013, in a research project of Deutsche Post AG subsidiary

DHL, a sub-kilogram quantity of medicine was delivered via a prototype Microdrones

“parcelcopter,” raising speculation that disaster relief may be the first place the

company will use the technology.

GLIMPSES OF A FEW UAVs

DEFINITION

A micro air vehicle (MAV), or micro aerial vehicle, is a class of unmanned aerial

vehicles (UAV) that has a size restriction and may be autonomous. Modern craft can be as

small as 15 centimetres. Development is driven by commercial, research, government, and

military purposes; with insect-sized aircraft reportedly expected in the future. The small craft

allows remote observation of hazardous environments inaccessible to ground vehicles. MAVs

have been built for hobby purposes, such as aerial robotics contests and aerial photography.

CAPABILITIES

Remote reconnaissance and targeting

Remote observation of environments

Unmanned mission completion

APPLICATIONS

The applications of MAVs are similar to that of the UAVs.

GLIMPSES OF A FEW MAVs

The RQ-16 T-Hawk

ANATOMY OF AN AIRCRAFT

1. Parts of an aircraft :

(Front view, Top view, Side view)

2. Wing and tail assembly orientation:

3. Types of fuselages:

4. Types of wings:

5. Types of tails: