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New frontiers
in
Treatment of
Alzheimer’s Disease
(A.D.)
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Presented by
Dr. Sudhakar Kokate
Director PPRC, India
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Dedicated to
A.D. patients, relatives and carers
All over the globe
…. Director PPRC
Mumbai, India
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About A.D.
Chronic dysfunction of cortical and sub-cortical areas in
the brain
A.D. – Fourth leading cause of death in developed countries
A.D. affects > 12 million worldwide
> 4 million in U.S.
Expenses – health care costs > 80 billion / year
PPRC/INDIA 05
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A.D. ResearchDevelopment of promising Drugs
From natural source:
1. Terrestrial plants
2. Marine organisms
3. Micro organisms
4. Animal venoms
PPRC/INDIA 09
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Healthy neurons
PPRC/INDIA 10
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Physostigma venenosum L.
Chemical: physostigmine – an alkaloid
Family: Fabaceae
PPRC/INDIA 11
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PPRC/INDIA 13
physostigmine
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Lycopodium serratum Thunb. “Qin Ta”
Chemical: huperzine A, α-onocerin
Family: Lycopodiaceae
PPRC/INDIA 14
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PPRC/INDIA 16
huperzine A α-onocerin
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Galanthus nivalis “Snowdrop”
Chemical: galanthamine
Family: Amaryllidaceae
PPRC/INDIA 17
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PPRC/INDIA 19
galanthamine
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Leucojum aestivum L.
Chemical: lycorine
Family: Amaryllidaceae
PPRC/INDIA 20
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PPRC/INDIA 22
lycorine
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Pancratium maritimum
Chemical: tazettine
Family: Amaryllidaceae
PPRC/INDIA 23
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PPRC/INDIA 25
tazettine
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Corydalis ternata
Chemical: protopine – an alkaloid
Family: Papaveraceae
PPRC/INDIA 26
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PPRC/INDIA 28
protopine
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Evodia rutaecarpa
Chemical: dehydroevodiamine HCl
Family:
PPRC/INDIA 29
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PPRC/INDIA 31
dehydroevodiamine HCl
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Buxus hyrcana
Chemical: (+)-homo-moenjodaramine,
(+)-moenjodaramine
Family: Buxaceae
PPRC/INDIA 32
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PPRC/INDIA 34
(+)-homo-moenjodaramine
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Caragana chamlague
Chemical: stilbene oligoneers,(+)-α-viniferin,
kobophenol
Family: Fabaceae
PPRC/INDIA 35
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PPRC/INDIA 37
stilbene oligoneers
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Centella asiatica
Chemical: bornyl acetate, α-pinene,
β-pinene,γ- terpinene
Family: Apiaceae
PPRC/INDIA 38
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PPRC/INDIA 40
bornyl acetate γ- terpinene
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PPRC/INDIA 41
α-pinene,β-pinene
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Marine sponge - Reniera sarai
Chemical: 3-alkyl pyridinium polymer type
compounds, parazoanthoxanthin A
PPRC/INDIA 42
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PPRC/INDIA 44
3-alkyl pyridinium
polymer type compoundsparazoanthoxanthin A
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Micro organisms
PPRC/INDIA 45
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Aspergillus terreus
Chemical: territrems B
PPRC/INDIA 46
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PPRC/INDIA 48
territrems B
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Penicillium sp.
Chemical: arisugacins A
PPRC/INDIA 49
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PPRC/INDIA 51
arisugacins A
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Penicillium cyclopium
Chemical: cyclopenin
PPRC/INDIA 52
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PPRC/INDIA 54
cyclopenin
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Fusarium tricinctum
Chemical: visoltricine
PPRC/INDIA 55
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PPRC/INDIA 57
visoltricine
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Animal venom
PPRC/INDIA 58
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Green & Black mamba (Snake)
Chemical: fasciculins – peptides
Genus: Dendroaspis
PPRC/INDIA 59
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Monomorium minumum (Ant)
Chemical: 2,5-dialkylpyrrolidines
– alkaloidal tyoe of compound
PPRC/INDIA 61
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Thank you!!
“BE WITH US”