Carbonyl Compounds ALDEHYDES, KETONES, AND CARBOXYLIC ACIDS - PART I Used as a solvent, starting material and reagent Benzaldehyde - Used in perfumery and in dye industries. Acetone and ethyl methyl ketone are common industrial solvents Acetaldehyde - Used primarily as a starting material in the manufacture of acetic acid, ethyl acetate, vinyl acetate, polymers and drugs Formaldehyde - Formalin (40%) solution used to preserve biological specimens and to prepare bakelite, urea-formaldehyde glues and other polymeric products Nomenclature of Carbonyl Group Structure of Carbonyl Group Uses of Aldehydes and Ketones Carbonyl group is a functional group composed of a carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen atom R H O R R O Aldehydes Ketones C O C + O - C σ-bond sp 2 sp 2 O .. .. C Л-bond sp 2 sp 2 O .. .. C 120 o 120 o 120 o O .. .. Aldehydes Ketones HCHO CH3CHO (CH3)2CHCHO Formaldehyde Acetaldehyde Isobutyraldehyde Methanal Ethanal 2-Methylpropanal 3-Methylcyclohexanecarbaldehyde 2-Methoxypropanal Pentanal Prop-2-enal Pentan-2-one 2,4-Dimethylpentan-3-one 4-Methylpent-3-en-2-one 2-Methylcyclohexanone Benzene- 1,2-dicarbaldehyde γ-Methylcyclohexanecarbaldehyde α-Methylcyclohexanone α-Methoxypropionaldehyde Valeraldehyde Acrolein Phthaldehyde m-Bromobenzaldehyde 3-Bromobenzenecarbaldehyde or 3-Bromobenzaldehyde Methyl n-propyl ketone Diisopropyl ketone Mesytil oxide CH3CH(OCH3)CHO CH3CH2CH2CH2CHO CH2=CHCHO CH3COCH2CH2CH3 (CH3)2CHCOCH(CH3)2 (CH3)2C=CHCOCHCH3 Structure Common Name IUPAC Name CHO H3C CHO CHO O CH3 CHO Br
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Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids...Carboxylic acids ALDEHYDES, KETONES, AND CARBOXYLIC ACIDS ˜ PART II • Methanal (HCHO) is a gas at room temperature • Ethanal (CH˚CHO)
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Carbonyl Compounds
ALDEHYDES, KETONES, AND CARBOXYLIC ACIDS - PART I
Used as a solvent, starting material and reagent
Benzaldehyde - Used in perfumery and in dye industries. Acetone and ethyl methyl ketone are common industrial solvents
Acetaldehyde - Used primarily as a starting material in the manufacture of aceticacid, ethyl acetate, vinyl acetate, polymers and drugs
Formaldehyde - Formalin (40%) solution used to preserve biological specimensand to prepare bakelite, urea-formaldehyde glues and other polymeric products
Nomenclature of Carbonyl Group
Structure of Carbonyl Group
Uses of Aldehydes and Ketones
Carbonyl group is a functional group composedof a carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen atom