Alan Brinkley, Alan Brinkley, AMERICAN HISTORY AMERICAN HISTORY 13/e 13/e Chapter One: Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures The Meeting of Cultures
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Alan Brinkley, Alan Brinkley, AMERICAN HISTORY AMERICAN HISTORY 13/e13/e
Chapter One: Chapter One:
The Meeting of CulturesThe Meeting of Cultures
Chapter One: Chapter One:
The Meeting of CulturesThe Meeting of Cultures America Before Columbus America Before Columbus
The Peoples of the Pre-contact AmericasThe Peoples of the Pre-contact Americas MigrMigrations from Eurasia over Bering Straitations from Eurasia over Bering Strait The “Clovis” PeopleThe “Clovis” People Archaeologists and Population DiversityArchaeologists and Population Diversity The “Archaic” Period (8000 B.C.)The “Archaic” Period (8000 B.C.)
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Chapter One: Chapter One:
The Meeting of CulturesThe Meeting of Cultures
3How the Early North Americans Lived
Chapter One: Chapter One:
The Meeting of CulturesThe Meeting of Cultures America Before Columbus America Before Columbus
The Growth of Civilizations: The SouthThe Growth of Civilizations: The South Incas-Capital CuzcoIncas-Capital Cuzco Meso-AmericaMeso-America Olmec CultureOlmec Culture (1000 B.C.) (1000 B.C.) 11stst Complex Society Complex Society Maya Culture (800 A.D.)Maya Culture (800 A.D.) Mexica/Aztec Culture-1325Mexica/Aztec Culture-1325 All Had Complex Political, Religious, All Had Complex Political, Religious,
Cultural, and Agricultural Systems Cultural, and Agricultural Systems
The Mayan Pyramid of Kukulkan
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Iroquois Women (Library of Congress)
Chapter One: Chapter One:
The Meeting of CulturesThe Meeting of Cultures America Before Columbus America Before Columbus
The Civilizations of The Civilizations of
the Norththe North Complex and Complex and
Varied Civilizations Varied Civilizations Mobile Societies Mobile Societies
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Secotan Village, 1585 (Library of Congress)
Chapter One: Chapter One:
The Meeting of CulturesThe Meeting of Cultures America Before Columbus America Before Columbus
Tribal CulturesTribal Cultures Agricultural RevolutionAgricultural Revolution
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Chapter One: Chapter One:
The Meeting of CulturesThe Meeting of Cultures Europe Looks Westward Europe Looks Westward
Commerce and NationalismCommerce and Nationalism A Reawakening of CommerceA Reawakening of Commerce Most Europeans Unaware of the AmericasMost Europeans Unaware of the Americas Significant Population Growth in 15Significant Population Growth in 15thth
Century EuropeCentury Europe Centralized Nation-StatesCentralized Nation-States Portugal Preeminent Maritime PowerPortugal Preeminent Maritime Power Prince Henry the NavigatorPrince Henry the Navigator
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Marco Polo leaves for the Far East (Bibliothèque Nationale de France)
Chapter One: Chapter One:
The Meeting of CulturesThe Meeting of Cultures
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Chapter One: Chapter One:
The Meeting of CulturesThe Meeting of Cultures Europe Looks Westward Europe Looks Westward
Christopher ColumbusChristopher Columbus Columbus’s First Voyage-1Columbus’s First Voyage-1492492 Underestimated the Size of the EarthUnderestimated the Size of the Earth Columbus Thought He Was Near ChinaColumbus Thought He Was Near China Columbus’s Third Voyage-1498Columbus’s Third Voyage-1498 Discovery of Orinoco RiverDiscovery of Orinoco River Amerigo Vespucci-Florentine MerchantAmerigo Vespucci-Florentine Merchant Religious Motives Religious Motives
for Explorationfor Exploration Ferdinand Magellan (1519-1522)Ferdinand Magellan (1519-1522) Proves the World was RoundProves the World was Round Vasco de Balboa-1513Vasco de Balboa-1513 Claimed the Pacific Ocean for SpainClaimed the Pacific Ocean for Spain
Christopher Columbus
(Library of Congress)
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Chapter One: Chapter One:
The Meeting of CulturesThe Meeting of Cultures
European Exploration and Conquest, 1492-158310
Chapter One: Chapter One:
The Meeting of CulturesThe Meeting of Cultures Europe Looks Westward Europe Looks Westward
The ConquistadoresThe Conquistadores Hernando CortHernando Cortéés Conquers the Aztecss Conquers the Aztecs Mexica Decimated by SmallpoxMexica Decimated by Smallpox Fall of Tenochtitlan-1521Fall of Tenochtitlan-1521 Brutality and Greed Brutality and Greed
Spanish America- Largest Empire in the WorldSpanish America- Largest Empire in the World Ordinances of DiscoveryOrdinances of Discovery Gold and Silver Mines Extremely LucrativeGold and Silver Mines Extremely Lucrative Catholic Missions-Forcibly Converted the NativesCatholic Missions-Forcibly Converted the Natives
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Chapter One: Chapter One:
The Meeting of CulturesThe Meeting of Cultures
Spanish America12
Chapter One: Chapter One:
The Meeting of CulturesThe Meeting of Cultures Europe Looks Westward Europe Looks Westward
Northern OutpostsNorthern Outposts St. Augustine-1565St. Augustine-1565 First Permanent Spanish Settlement First Permanent Spanish Settlement
in the U.S.in the U.S. Juan de Onate-1598Juan de Onate-1598 Encomienda SystemEncomienda System Labor and Tribute System Forced on the Labor and Tribute System Forced on the
NativesNatives Pueblo Revolt of 1680Pueblo Revolt of 1680 Spanish Suppressed Native RitualsSpanish Suppressed Native Rituals Rebellion Led by PopeRebellion Led by Pope
Pueblo Ruins in New Mexico (CORBIS / Royalty-Free)
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Chapter One: Chapter One:
The Meeting of CulturesThe Meeting of Cultures
Europe Looks Westward Europe Looks Westward The Empire at High TideThe Empire at High Tide
Spain’s Vast EmpireSpain’s Vast Empire Rigid Royal ControlRigid Royal Control A Collision ofA Collision of
CulturesCultures
Mexico, California, and Florida, 1600 (Royalty-Free / CORBIS)
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Chapter One: Chapter One:
The Meeting of CulturesThe Meeting of Cultures
De Soto in North America (Rare Books Division, Library of Congress)
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Chapter One: Chapter One:
The Meeting of CulturesThe Meeting of Cultures Europe Looks Westward Europe Looks Westward
Biological and Cultural ExchangesBiological and Cultural Exchanges Increasing Levels of ExchangeIncreasing Levels of Exchange Small Pox and other European Diseases Small Pox and other European Diseases
Decimate the Native Populations (90%)Decimate the Native Populations (90%) Demographic CatastropheDemographic Catastrophe Deliberate Subjugation and ExterminationDeliberate Subjugation and Extermination New Crops and Agricultural TechniquesNew Crops and Agricultural Techniques The Columbian ExchangeThe Columbian Exchange A Complex Racial HierarchyA Complex Racial Hierarchy Mestizos-Largest Segment of the PopulationMestizos-Largest Segment of the Population Mulattos and ZambosMulattos and Zambos Reasons for IntermarriageReasons for Intermarriage Varied Labor SystemsVaried Labor Systems
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Chapter One: Chapter One:
The Meeting of CulturesThe Meeting of Cultures Europe Looks Westward Europe Looks Westward
Africa and AmericaAfrica and America Ghana and MaliGhana and Mali Benin, Congo, and Benin, Congo, and
SonghaySonghay Matrilineal SocietiesMatrilineal Societies Growth of theGrowth of the
African Slave TradeAfrican Slave Trade Portuguese Lead the Slave TradePortuguese Lead the Slave Trade
1633 Map of Atlantic (Royalty-Free/CORBIS)
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Chapter One: Chapter One:
The Meeting of CulturesThe Meeting of Cultures The Arrival of the EnglishThe Arrival of the English
John CabotJohn Cabot
The Commercial IncentiveThe Commercial Incentive The Enclosure MovementThe Enclosure Movement Population Increasing in EuropePopulation Increasing in Europe Available European Farmland DecliningAvailable European Farmland Declining Incentives for Colonization Incentives for Colonization Chartered CompaniesChartered Companies MercantilismMercantilism Richard Hakluyt’s Argument for ColoniesRichard Hakluyt’s Argument for Colonies
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John Calvin (Portrait Gallery)
Chapter One: Chapter One:
The Meeting of CulturesThe Meeting of Cultures The Arrival of the EnglishThe Arrival of the English
The Religious IncentiveThe Religious Incentive Doctrine of PredestinationDoctrine of Predestination Martin Luther and John CalvinMartin Luther and John Calvin The English ReformationThe English Reformation Dispute Between Henry VIII and Catholic ChurchDispute Between Henry VIII and Catholic Church Puritan SeparatistsPuritan Separatists Puritan DiscontentPuritan Discontent
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Martin Luther
King Henry VIIIAnne Bolyn
Chapter One: Chapter One:
The Meeting of CulturesThe Meeting of Cultures The Arrival of the EnglishThe Arrival of the English
The English in IrelandThe English in Ireland Subjugation of IrelandSubjugation of Ireland The Plantation ModelThe Plantation Model Rigid Separation Between Rigid Separation Between
the English and the the English and the Native people Native people
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Chapter One: Chapter One:
The Meeting of CulturesThe Meeting of Cultures The Arrival of the EnglishThe Arrival of the English
The French and the Dutch in AmericaThe French and the Dutch in America Coureurs de BoisCoureurs de Bois Fur TradeFur Trade IntermarriageIntermarriage Henry HudsonHenry Hudson New Amsterdam-1624New Amsterdam-1624
A French Map of North America, 1656 (Royalty-Free/CORBIS)
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Chapter One: Chapter One:
The Meeting of CulturesThe Meeting of Cultures The Arrival of the EnglishThe Arrival of the English
The First English The First English SettlementsSettlements The Spanish Armada-1588The Spanish Armada-1588 Defeat of Spain Opened Sea Defeat of Spain Opened Sea
Routes to England Routes to England Gilbert’s Expedition to Gilbert’s Expedition to
NewfoundlandNewfoundland
A Galleon in Flames (The Palma Collection / Getty Images)
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Sir Frances Drake
Chapter One: Chapter One:
The Meeting of CulturesThe Meeting of Cultures The Arrival of the EnglishThe Arrival of the English
RoanokeRoanoke The First Roanoke Colony-1587The First Roanoke Colony-1587 Establishment of VirginiaEstablishment of Virginia New Colonial ChartersNew Colonial Charters Jamestown-1607Jamestown-1607 First Permanent English SettlementFirst Permanent English Settlement
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Queen Elizabeth I“ Virgin Queen ”
Chapter One: Chapter One:
The Meeting of CulturesThe Meeting of Cultures
America in the World: America in the World:
The Atlantic Context of Early The Atlantic Context of Early American HistoryAmerican History
1587 Map of the Americas (Fototeca Storica Nazionale / Getty Images )
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Chapter One: Chapter One:
The Meeting of CulturesThe Meeting of Cultures
Where Historians Disagree: Where Historians Disagree:
Why Do Historians So Often Differ?Why Do Historians So Often Differ?
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Chapter One: Chapter One:
The Meeting of CulturesThe Meeting of Cultures
Where Historians Disagree: Where Historians Disagree:
The American Population Before The American Population Before ColumbusColumbus
The Mayan Pyramid of Kukulkan (Royalty-Free/CORBIS)
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