Alabama High School Graduation Exam (Social Studies) Ch.1 - The Pre-Colonial and Colonial Eras

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THE CRUSADES ENCOURAGEDTHE CRUSADES ENCOURAGED

EUROPEANS TO TRAVEL TO EUROPEANS TO TRAVEL TO DISTANT LANDS FOR TRADE. DISTANT LANDS FOR TRADE.

WHAT DID THE CRUSADES HAVE WHAT DID THE CRUSADES HAVE TO DO WITH THE DISCOVERY OF TO DO WITH THE DISCOVERY OF AMERICA?AMERICA?

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WHAT ITEMS WERE TRADED IN THE WHAT ITEMS WERE TRADED IN THE TRIANGULAR TRADE ROUTE?TRIANGULAR TRADE ROUTE?

WHAT WERE THESE ITEMS USED WHAT WERE THESE ITEMS USED FOR?FOR?

AHSGE Chapter 1AHSGE Chapter 1

• CrusadesCrusades

Holy wars to regain the Holy Land from Holy wars to regain the Holy Land from the Muslims.the Muslims.

Why are the Crusades important to Why are the Crusades important to American History?American History?

ResultsResults – created a desire for Asian spices – created a desire for Asian spices and silks. and silks.

RoutesRoutes – Land routes took too long. – Land routes took too long. Europeans began looking for Europeans began looking for a sea route to Asia.a sea route to Asia.

Prince Henry of PortugalPrince Henry of Portugal

(Henry the Navigator) established a school (Henry the Navigator) established a school for navigation.for navigation.

Henry’s Navigation SchoolHenry’s Navigation School used used – – caravelcaravel (strong sailing ship), (strong sailing ship), astrolabeastrolabe (instrument to determine location by using (instrument to determine location by using the stars), the stars), compasscompass magnetized needle magnetized needle which points north. which points north.

Renaissance and ReformationRenaissance and Reformation

RenaissanceRenaissance – – (rebirth)(rebirth) great cultural great cultural developments and societal changes during developments and societal changes during the 14the 14thth through 17 through 17th th centuries. centuries.

What did the Renaissance encourage What did the Renaissance encourage people to do and why was this people to do and why was this important?important?

It encouraged people to It encouraged people to read the bibleread the bible and the early writings of the and the early writings of the church. church. People wanted to People wanted to reform the churchreform the church by by

abolishing any religious practices abolishing any religious practices

that were not found in the Bible. that were not found in the Bible.

Martin LutherMartin Luther

Began the Protestant Reformation.Began the Protestant Reformation.

Protestant ReformationProtestant Reformation

movement to reform the Catholic movement to reform the Catholic Church. Many Church. Many broke awaybroke away from the from the Catholic Church to form Catholic Church to form their own their own churcheschurches..

How did the Catholic Church feel How did the Catholic Church feel about the Protestant Reformation about the Protestant Reformation and what did they do?and what did they do?

To defend the CatholicTo defend the Catholic

faith many missionaries faith many missionaries

were sent to the were sent to the

New World in search ofNew World in search of

conversions among the conversions among the

Native Americans. Native Americans.

Columbus and the Columbian ExchangeColumbus and the Columbian Exchange Christopher ColumbusChristopher Columbus An Italian explorer representing Spain in search of a An Italian explorer representing Spain in search of a

new sea route to Asia. new sea route to Asia.

Why was his voyage important?Why was his voyage important? It marked It marked the beginning of colonization effortsthe beginning of colonization efforts by by EuropeanEuropean countries in the Americas. countries in the Americas.

Columbian ExchangeColumbian Exchange A A mixture mixture of European and Western Hemisphere of European and Western Hemisphere

cultures.cultures.

What were some of the good What were some of the good items exchanged?items exchanged? Europe Europe brought, sugar, coffee, horses, and brought, sugar, coffee, horses, and firearms.firearms.

New World offered New World offered tobaccotobacco, , potatoespotatoes, , corncorn and and chocolatechocolate..

What were some of the bad things What were some of the bad things exchanged?exchanged?

Europeans brought communicable Europeans brought communicable diseases. These diseases. These diseasesdiseases killed almost killed almost 80% of Native Americans because 80% of Native Americans because theirtheir

immune systems immune systems

were not able to were not able to

fight them off. fight them off.

European Rivalry and European Rivalry and Exploration in the New WorldExploration in the New World

What did the New World offer European What did the New World offer European people that Europe did not?people that Europe did not? Opportunities for Opportunities for wealth, power, adventure and more territory. wealth, power, adventure and more territory.

What did Spain and Portugal seek?What did Spain and Portugal seek? Gold, riches and conversions to the Catholic faith.Gold, riches and conversions to the Catholic faith. GOD,GOD, GOLD,& GLORYGOLD,& GLORY

What did France and England seek?What did France and England seek? France France was mainly interested in the fur trade. England was mainly interested in the fur trade. England

wanted to establish permanent settlements (13 wanted to establish permanent settlements (13 original colonies).original colonies).

Bartolomeu DiasBartolomeu Dias – First to sail around the – First to sail around the tip of Africa (Cape of Good Hope).tip of Africa (Cape of Good Hope).

Vasco Da GamaVasco Da Gama – First European to find a – First European to find a sea route to Asia (by sailing around tip of sea route to Asia (by sailing around tip of Africa).Africa).

Amerigo VespucciAmerigo Vespucci – First to realize the New – First to realize the New World was an entirely new continent. World was an entirely new continent. America is named after him.America is named after him.

Vasco de BalboaVasco de Balboa – First to reach the Pacific – First to reach the Pacific Ocean.Ocean.

Ferdinand MagellanFerdinand Magellan – Led first expedition – Led first expedition that sailed around the world. He died in that sailed around the world. He died in route. route.

Spanish Colonization of the AmericasSpanish Colonization of the Americas ConquistadorsConquistadors Spanish explorers Spanish explorers (conquerors).(conquerors).

Hernando CortezHernando Cortez – conquered the – conquered the Aztec Empire.Aztec Empire.

Francisco PizarroFrancisco Pizarro – conquered the – conquered the Inca Empire.Inca Empire.

Francisco CoronadoFrancisco Coronado – explored the area – explored the area of present day New Mexico in search of of present day New Mexico in search of Seven Cities of Gold.Seven Cities of Gold.

Hernando De SotoHernando De Soto – explored present day – explored present day

Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi.Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi.

Ponce De LeonPonce De Leon – explored Florida looking – explored Florida looking for The Fountain of Youth. for The Fountain of Youth.

St. AugustineSt. Augustine

First European city in North America. First European city in North America. Established to control Spanish trade. Established to control Spanish trade.

French, Dutch, and English ColonizationFrench, Dutch, and English Colonization

The French settle where?The French settle where?

Lands around the St. Lawrence and Lands around the St. Lawrence and Mississippi River (Louisiana).Mississippi River (Louisiana).

The Dutch Settle?The Dutch Settle?

Around the Hudson RiverAround the Hudson River

(New York area).(New York area).

The English settle?The English settle? Eastern Eastern

seaboard of North America.seaboard of North America.

Southern ColoniesSouthern Colonies

Sir Walter RaleighSir Walter Raleigh – Sponsored the first – Sponsored the first English attempt at colonizing the present-English attempt at colonizing the present-day United States in Roanoke near day United States in Roanoke near present-day North Carolina. present-day North Carolina.

The Lost ColonyThe Lost Colony What the Roanoke colony was called What the Roanoke colony was called

because it disappeared.because it disappeared.

JamestownJamestownThe first successful (permanent) English colony. The first successful (permanent) English colony.

Joint Stock CompanyJoint Stock Company – a private company – a private company that sells shares to investors.that sells shares to investors.

House of BurgessesHouse of Burgesses the first example of a democratic government the first example of a democratic government

in the United States. in the United States.

SOUTHERN COLONIESSOUTHERN COLONIES Southern ColoniesSouthern Colonies – Virginia, North Carolina, – Virginia, North Carolina,

South Carolina and Georgia.South Carolina and Georgia.

PlantationsPlantations – large farms – large farms

devoted to one main crop.devoted to one main crop.

Indentured ServantsIndentured Servants – people who became – people who became servants for 5-7 years to pay for their passage servants for 5-7 years to pay for their passage to America. to America.

Triangular Trade RouteTriangular Trade Route – a trade route – a trade route

between the Caribbean, the American between the Caribbean, the American colonies, and West Africa. Molasses (sugar), colonies, and West Africa. Molasses (sugar), rum, slaves. rum, slaves.

TRIANGULAR TRADE ROUTETRIANGULAR TRADE ROUTE

New England ColoniesNew England Colonies New England ColoniesNew England Colonies –Massachusetts, –Massachusetts,

Connecticut, Rhode Island and New Connecticut, Rhode Island and New Hampshire.Hampshire.

Puritans and PilgrimsPuritans and Pilgrims – people who had – people who had separated from the Church of England and separated from the Church of England and sought religious freedom in the New sought religious freedom in the New World. World.

Mayflower CompactMayflower CompactAn agreement that guaranteed just and An agreement that guaranteed just and

equal laws for all. equal laws for all. It helped contribute to It helped contribute to DEMOCRACYDEMOCRACY. .

Middle ColoniesMiddle Colonies Middle ColoniesMiddle Colonies – New York, New Jersey, – New York, New Jersey,

Delaware, Maryland, and Pennsylvania.Delaware, Maryland, and Pennsylvania.

QuakerQuaker – persecuted religious group. – persecuted religious group.

William PennWilliam Penn – founder of Pennsylvania. – founder of Pennsylvania.

Religious group that settle in Religious group that settle in Maryland?Maryland?Roman CatholicsRoman Catholics

Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania – City of – City of brotherly love and the largest city in the brotherly love and the largest city in the thirteen colonies.thirteen colonies.

Social and Economic Life in the Social and Economic Life in the ColoniesColonies

ProprietorsProprietors – wealthy merchants who – wealthy merchants who financed the colonies.financed the colonies.

MercantilismMercantilism

the main economic system in the the main economic system in the colonies. A nation’s power is colonies. A nation’s power is measured by its gold reserves. Belief measured by its gold reserves. Belief that a country needs to export more that a country needs to export more than it’s imports. than it’s imports.