Airport Planning and Management

Airport Planning and Airport Planning and ManagementManagement

Topics to discuss:Topics to discuss:* Evolution of Aviation in USA* Evolution of Aviation in USA

* Evolution of Aviation in India* Evolution of Aviation in India

* Classification of airports in USA* Classification of airports in USA

* Classification of airports in India* Classification of airports in India

* Organizations that governs and influence * Organizations that governs and influence airport and Regulatory policies airport and Regulatory policies

•ICAOICAO

•IATAIATA

•DOTDOT

•FAAFAA

•MOCAMOCA•DGCADGCA

•BCASBCAS•AAIAAI

•CustomsCustoms

•ImmigrationImmigration

Evolution of Aviation in USAEvolution of Aviation in USA

The formative period: 1903 - 1938The formative period: 1903 - 1938

Man began thinking of flying centuries ago

In 16th century Leonardo da Vinci designed models of flying machines

* * Wright Brothers (Orville Wright & Wilbur Wright) succeededWright Brothers (Orville Wright & Wilbur Wright) succeeded in their experiments to complete the first ever flight on in their experiments to complete the first ever flight on December 17, 1903 at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina.December 17, 1903 at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina.

* In India, the first actual flight was successfully attained on* In India, the first actual flight was successfully attained on December 10, 1910 at AllahabadDecember 10, 1910 at Allahabad

Till 1912, there were only 12 privately owned Till 1912, there were only 12 privately owned landing facilities in USlanding facilities in US

1914-1918: World War I broke out 1914-1918: World War I broke out with huge demands of aircrafts and with huge demands of aircrafts and

pilots.pilots.67 airports came into existence out of 67 airports came into existence out of which 25 remained as military airfield which 25 remained as military airfield

after the war.after the war.

Early airmail service: 1919 - 1925Early airmail service: 1919 - 19251914-1918: World War I broke out 1914-1918: World War I broke out with huge demand of aircrafts and with huge demand of aircrafts and

pilots.pilots.67 airports came into existence out of 67 airports came into existence out of which 25 remained as military airfield which 25 remained as military airfield

after the warafter the war

The first regular airmail route was The first regular airmail route was established on May 15, 1918 between established on May 15, 1918 between

New York City and Washington D.CNew York City and Washington D.C

Early airmail service: 1919 - 1925Early airmail service: 1919 - 1925

By 1920, there were 145 airports By 1920, there were 145 airports owned by municipalityowned by municipality

Kelly Act or Air Mail Act of 1925 Kelly Act or Air Mail Act of 1925 passed by which PMG was authorized passed by which PMG was authorized to contract with private air carriers for to contract with private air carriers for

the transportation of mail by airthe transportation of mail by air

The Air Commerce Act: 1926 - 1938The Air Commerce Act: 1926 - 1938

On May 20, 1926, President Calvin On May 20, 1926, President Calvin Coolidge signed the Air Commerce Act Coolidge signed the Air Commerce Act of 1926 to make it law with the object of 1926 to make it law with the object

to promote the development and to promote the development and stability of commercial aviationstability of commercial aviation

In July 1927, a director of aeronautics In July 1927, a director of aeronautics was appointed in the Department of was appointed in the Department of

Commerce to look after the Commerce to look after the administration of air commerceadministration of air commerce

The Air Commerce Act: 1926 - 1938The Air Commerce Act: 1926 - 1938

Bureau of Air Commerce established Bureau of Air Commerce established in 1934 with two divisions: division of in 1934 with two divisions: division of

air navigation and division of air air navigation and division of air regulationregulation

In 1937, Bureau of Air commerce was In 1937, Bureau of Air commerce was restructured with six divisionsrestructured with six divisions

1. airway engineering 2. airway operation1. airway engineering 2. airway operation3. Safety and Planning 4. Admin and Statistics3. Safety and Planning 4. Admin and Statistics5. Certification and Inspection 6. Regulation5. Certification and Inspection 6. Regulation

The Civil Aeronautics Act 1938The Civil Aeronautics Act 1938

In 1938, the Civil Aeronautics Act In 1938, the Civil Aeronautics Act transferred the civil aviation responsibility transferred the civil aviation responsibility

from commerce department to an from commerce department to an autonomous agency Civil Aeronautics autonomous agency Civil Aeronautics

Authority, CAAAuthority, CAA

In 1940, President Franklin Roosevelt split the Authority In 1940, President Franklin Roosevelt split the Authority into two agencies, the Civil Aeronautics Administration into two agencies, the Civil Aeronautics Administration

(CAA) and the Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB). CAA was (CAA) and the Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB). CAA was responsible for ATC, airman and aircraft certification, responsible for ATC, airman and aircraft certification,

safety enforcement, and airway development. CAB was safety enforcement, and airway development. CAB was entrusted with safety rulemaking, accident investigation, entrusted with safety rulemaking, accident investigation,

and economic regulation of the airlines.and economic regulation of the airlines.

The Civil Aeronautics Act 1938The Civil Aeronautics Act 1938

During World War II (1939-1945), CAA took During World War II (1939-1945), CAA took over the responsibility of ATC at airportsover the responsibility of ATC at airports

In 1956, a Trans World Airlines Super Constellation and In 1956, a Trans World Airlines Super Constellation and a United Airlines Douglas DC-7 collided in midair killing a United Airlines Douglas DC-7 collided in midair killing

128 people128 people

In 1946, CAA was assigned an additional In 1946, CAA was assigned an additional task to administer the Federal Aid Program task to administer the Federal Aid Program

to develop the airportsto develop the airports

On May 20, 1958, a military jet trainer and a civilian On May 20, 1958, a military jet trainer and a civilian transport plane collided killing 12 peopletransport plane collided killing 12 people

The Birth of FAAThe Birth of FAA

Following the introduction of jet airliner Following the introduction of jet airliner and a series of mid air collision, the and a series of mid air collision, the Federal Aviation Act 1958 came into Federal Aviation Act 1958 came into

existence. This legislation transferred the existence. This legislation transferred the functions of CAA to the newly created functions of CAA to the newly created

agency “Federal Aviation Agency, FAA”agency “Federal Aviation Agency, FAA”

FAA took over safety rule making from CAB with ATC, FAA took over safety rule making from CAB with ATC, Navigation and sole responsibility of developing and Navigation and sole responsibility of developing and

maintaining civil- military system of aviationmaintaining civil- military system of aviation

From Agency to AdministrationFrom Agency to Administration

In 1966, US Congress created a cabinet In 1966, US Congress created a cabinet department to combine Federal department to combine Federal

Transportation Responsibility. And thereby Transportation Responsibility. And thereby Department of Transportation became fully Department of Transportation became fully

operational from April 1, 1967operational from April 1, 1967

Mr. Alan S. Boyd was appointed the first Mr. Alan S. Boyd was appointed the first Secretary of TransportationSecretary of Transportation

On the same day 01/04/1967, Federal Aviation On the same day 01/04/1967, Federal Aviation Agency took the new name- Federal Aviation Agency took the new name- Federal Aviation

Administration, FAAAdministration, FAA

Evolution of Aviation in IndiaEvolution of Aviation in India

1910 - 19401910 - 1940

1910-19401910-1940

Hectic activities were seen towards the Hectic activities were seen towards the end of 1910 to bring planes to India and end of 1910 to bring planes to India and

then to show them off -the latest scientific then to show them off -the latest scientific wonderwonder

In 1910, His Highness, the Maharaja of Patiala In 1910, His Highness, the Maharaja of Patiala sent his British Engineer CW Bowels to Europe to sent his British Engineer CW Bowels to Europe to bring a few flights to India. He returned to India bring a few flights to India. He returned to India

in December, with two planes with him, a in December, with two planes with him, a Farman, made in England and a Gnome-Bleriot Farman, made in England and a Gnome-Bleriot

monoplane fitted with two seatsmonoplane fitted with two seats

1910-19401910-1940

In December 1910, a party from Belgium In December 1910, a party from Belgium and two from England with many aircrafts and two from England with many aircrafts arrived in India. The first amongst them arrived in India. The first amongst them was famous Humber motor companies. was famous Humber motor companies.

The team was led by Capt WG Windham, The team was led by Capt WG Windham, comprising two pilots, one French an one comprising two pilots, one French an one

English and two mechanicsEnglish and two mechanics

After reaching Bombay (Mumbai) they proceeded After reaching Bombay (Mumbai) they proceeded to Allahabad to demonstrate the aircraft at the to Allahabad to demonstrate the aircraft at the

Industrial Exhibition due to be held there shortly.Industrial Exhibition due to be held there shortly.

The news paper Report of First Flight in IndiaThe news paper Report of First Flight in India

““The first actual flight was successfully The first actual flight was successfully attained by Mr. David in a Beriot on the attained by Mr. David in a Beriot on the 1010thth of December 1910. David had the of December 1910. David had the

machine ready and early in the morning machine ready and early in the morning circled the Polo ground at a height of 25 to circled the Polo ground at a height of 25 to 30 feet……… thus Allahabad has had the 30 feet……… thus Allahabad has had the distinction of giving the lead not only in distinction of giving the lead not only in

India but also to the whole of Asian India but also to the whole of Asian continent in connection with the latest of continent in connection with the latest of

scientific wonders.”scientific wonders.”

1910-19401910-1940

The second aircraft flew the next day, The second aircraft flew the next day, December 11, 1910, under the control of December 11, 1910, under the control of French Pilot Piguet and carried the first French Pilot Piguet and carried the first

passenger in India. He was one of the sons passenger in India. He was one of the sons of the Maharaja of Benaresof the Maharaja of Benares

In a show at Tollygunj, near Calcutta on In a show at Tollygunj, near Calcutta on December 21, 1910, in a show Baron flew December 21, 1910, in a show Baron flew with a lady passenger Mrs. N.C. Sen who with a lady passenger Mrs. N.C. Sen who thus became the first woman in India to thus became the first woman in India to

get airborneget airborne

1910-19401910-1940

December 29, Jules Tyck set two national December 29, Jules Tyck set two national records in his records in his BleriotBleriot at Tollygunj . at Tollygunj .

He became the first to fly over the city, including He became the first to fly over the city, including directly over thedirectly over the

Government House.Government House.

The second record was set when he climbed to The second record was set when he climbed to all of 700 feet above ground level.all of 700 feet above ground level.

1910-19401910-1940

The history of civil aviation in India started The history of civil aviation in India started with its first commercial flight on February with its first commercial flight on February 18, 1911. It was a journey from Allahabad 18, 1911. It was a journey from Allahabad

to Naini made by a French pilot to Naini made by a French pilot Monseigneur Piguet covering a distance of Monseigneur Piguet covering a distance of

about 10 km over the river Yamuna. about 10 km over the river Yamuna.

There were 6000 letters and postcards addressed There were 6000 letters and postcards addressed to many celebrities carried by Piguet. The to many celebrities carried by Piguet. The

envelops were stamped as “envelops were stamped as “First Airmail First Airmail Post”Post”

1910-19401910-1940

The first domestic air route Karachi-Delhi The first domestic air route Karachi-Delhi began in December 1912 by the Indian began in December 1912 by the Indian

State Air Services in collaboration with the State Air Services in collaboration with the Imperial Airways, UK. It was actual Imperial Airways, UK. It was actual extension of London-Karachi flightextension of London-Karachi flight

The Indian aviation gathered momentum after The Indian aviation gathered momentum after three years (1915) with the opening of a regular three years (1915) with the opening of a regular airmail service between Karachi and Madras by airmail service between Karachi and Madras by

the first Indian airline- Tata Sons Limitedthe first Indian airline- Tata Sons Limited

1910-19401910-1940

The Royal Air Force inaugurated the 1The Royal Air Force inaugurated the 1stst station in India at Ambala in 1932station in India at Ambala in 1932

On October 8, 1932, Indian Air Force (IAF) was On October 8, 1932, Indian Air Force (IAF) was launched by an act of the Governor General. The launched by an act of the Governor General. The

first squadron came into existence first squadron came into existence on April 1, 1933. on April 1, 1933.

Senior most Pilot Officer Subroto Mukherjee later Senior most Pilot Officer Subroto Mukherjee later became IAF’s first Indian Commander-in-Chief.became IAF’s first Indian Commander-in-Chief.

1910-19401910-1940

October 15, 1932, JRD Tata started Tata October 15, 1932, JRD Tata started Tata Aviation and piloted the first carriage of Aviation and piloted the first carriage of

mail from Karachi to Bombay. Tata mail from Karachi to Bombay. Tata Aviation later became Air IndiaAviation later became Air India

December 1940, Seth Hirachand Walchand December 1940, Seth Hirachand Walchand launched Hindustan launched Hindustan

Aircraft Limited (HAL) Aircraft Limited (HAL) with the help of an American and with the help of an American and

the State of Mysorethe State of Mysore

Post Independence Time 1947-1955Post Independence Time 1947-1955

At the time of Independence, there were 9 air At the time of Independence, there were 9 air transport companies operating in Indiatransport companies operating in India

Tata Airlines, Indian National Airways, Air Service Tata Airlines, Indian National Airways, Air Service of India, Deccan Airways, Ambica Airways, Bharat of India, Deccan Airways, Ambica Airways, Bharat

Airways, Mistry Airways and Oriental AirwaysAirways, Mistry Airways and Oriental Airways

Air Corporation Act of 1953 was passed nationalising Air Corporation Act of 1953 was passed nationalising all airlines.all airlines.

Air India International took over the international traffic Air India International took over the international trafficand Indian Airlines Corporation the domestic.and Indian Airlines Corporation the domestic.

Classifications of Airports in USAClassifications of Airports in USA

NASP: The National Airport System Plan, 1970NASP: The National Airport System Plan, 1970

FAA, the Federal Aviation Administration FAA, the Federal Aviation Administration recognized about 5400 public-use airports recognized about 5400 public-use airports

in USin US

FAA did it to bring all of them to be FAA did it to bring all of them to be made eligible for federal funding and made eligible for federal funding and

maintenancemaintenanceAll such airports are categorized in terms All such airports are categorized in terms

of annual enplanement and type of service of annual enplanement and type of service providedprovided

Category of airports as classified by NASPCategory of airports as classified by NASP

Commercial Service Commercial Service AirportsAirports

General AviationGeneral AviationAirportsAirports

•Annual enplanement Annual enplanement more than 2500 more than 2500

•Annual enplanement Annual enplanement less than 2500 less than 2500

Air carriersAir carriers CommutersCommuters

In 1983, there were 780 CS airports with 635 In 1983, there were 780 CS airports with 635 AC and 145 Commuters. There were 2423 GA AC and 145 Commuters. There were 2423 GA

airportairport

Classifications of Airports in USAClassifications of Airports in USA

NPIAS: The National Plan of Integrated Airport NPIAS: The National Plan of Integrated Airport System Plan, 1982System Plan, 1982

As per the Airport and Airway Act, 1982 As per the Airport and Airway Act, 1982 NASP took a new form of NPIAS and NASP took a new form of NPIAS and classified the airports in 4 categoriesclassified the airports in 4 categories

Primary Commercial Service AirportsPrimary Commercial Service AirportsCommercial Service AirportsCommercial Service Airports

General Aviation airportsGeneral Aviation airports

Reliever airportsReliever airports

Classifications of Airports in USAClassifications of Airports in USA

Primary Commercial Service AirportsPrimary Commercial Service Airports

It is public-use airports enplanning at least It is public-use airports enplanning at least 10000 or more passengers annually10000 or more passengers annually

In 2002, there were 422 fell in this In 2002, there were 422 fell in this categorycategoryLarge Hub: Large Hub: 1% or more of total pax (Total 31)1% or more of total pax (Total 31)

Medium Hub: .Medium Hub: .25% to <25% to <1% 1% of total pax (Total 37)of total pax (Total 37)

Small Hub: .05Small Hub: .05% to <.25% to <.25% % of total pax (Total 74)of total pax (Total 74)

Non Hub: Non Hub: Less than .05%Less than .05% of total pax (Total 280)of total pax (Total 280)

Classifications of Airports in USAClassifications of Airports in USA

Commercial Service AirportsCommercial Service Airports

Commercial Service Airports are those Commercial Service Airports are those airports that accommodate scheduled air airports that accommodate scheduled air

carrier service. (Total 546)carrier service. (Total 546)

Those airports with fewer than 2500 annual Those airports with fewer than 2500 annual enplaned passengers and those used exclusively enplaned passengers and those used exclusively by private aircraft not providing commercial air by private aircraft not providing commercial air carrier passenger service are categorized as GA carrier passenger service are categorized as GA

airports. (2558)airports. (2558)

General Aviation AirportsGeneral Aviation Airports

Classifications of Airports in USAClassifications of Airports in USA

Reliever AirportsReliever Airports

It is a special category of GA airports located It is a special category of GA airports located within a relatively short distance (less than 50 within a relatively short distance (less than 50 miles) of Primary Commercial Service airport, miles) of Primary Commercial Service airport,

specially designated by NPIAS to provide relief to specially designated by NPIAS to provide relief to congested major airportscongested major airports

RA should have at least 50 aircraft based at the RA should have at least 50 aircraft based at the airportairport

Must handle at least 25000 itinerant operations Must handle at least 25000 itinerant operations annually or 35000 local operations annuallyannually or 35000 local operations annually

Total 260 airports are classified as RATotal 260 airports are classified as RA

Classifications of Airports in IndiaClassifications of Airports in India

Indian airports are divided into 3 broad Indian airports are divided into 3 broad categoriescategories * Domestic * Domestic * International and * International and *Civil enclave *Civil enclave

There are two more categories in IndiaThere are two more categories in India * Customs Airport * Customs Airport * Model Airport * Model Airport

International Airports in IndiaInternational Airports in India

The following airports link the major Indian cities of India to the The following airports link the major Indian cities of India to the international cities: international cities: 01. Amritsar International Airport 01. Amritsar International Airport 02. Indira Gandhi International Airport, New Delhi 02. Indira Gandhi International Airport, New Delhi 03. Lokpriya Gopinath Bordolio International Airport, Guwahati 03. Lokpriya Gopinath Bordolio International Airport, Guwahati 04. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport, Ahmedabad 04. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport, Ahmedabad 05. Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport, Kolkata 05. Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport, Kolkata 06. Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport, Mumbai 06. Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport, Mumbai 07. Rajiv Gandhi International airport, Hyderabad 07. Rajiv Gandhi International airport, Hyderabad 08. Goa Airport, Dabolim, Goa 08. Goa Airport, Dabolim, Goa 09. Bangalore International Airport 09. Bangalore International Airport 10. Cochin International Airport 10. Cochin International Airport 11. Chennai International Airport 11. Chennai International Airport 12. Trivandrum International Airport12. Trivandrum International Airport

Customs Airports in IndiaCustoms Airports in India

Custom Airports in India: Custom Airports in India: Custom Airports provide immigration and customs Custom Airports provide immigration and customs facilities for the international tourists. They also operate cargo charter flights. facilities for the international tourists. They also operate cargo charter flights.

The custom airports in India are located at: The custom airports in India are located at: Bangalore Bangalore Hyderabad Hyderabad Ahmedabad Ahmedabad

Calicut Calicut Cochin Cochin

Goa Goa Varanasi Varanasi

Patna Patna Agra Agra

Jaipur Jaipur Amritsar Amritsar

TiruchirapallyTiruchirapally

Model Airports in IndiaModel Airports in India

Indian Model Airports are the domestic airports with following Indian Model Airports are the domestic airports with following features: features:

Minimum 7500 feet length of runway Minimum 7500 feet length of runway Sufficient terminal capacity for handling aircraft of Airbus 320 type Sufficient terminal capacity for handling aircraft of Airbus 320 type

If required, can also handle limited international traffic If required, can also handle limited international traffic

The model airports in India are located in: The model airports in India are located in: Lucknow Lucknow

Bhubaneshwar Bhubaneshwar Nagpur Nagpur

Vadodara Vadodara Coimbatore Coimbatore

Imphal Imphal IndoreIndore

Number of Airports in India Number of Airports in India (2001)(2001)

Total 449Total 449

Closed to Public 323Closed to Public 323Open to Public 129Open to Public 129

Domestic Domestic 8989

Civil Enclave Civil Enclave 2828

International International 1212

Organizations that governs and influence Organizations that governs and influence airport and Regulatory policies airport and Regulatory policies

•ICAOICAO

•IATAIATA

•DOTDOT

•FAAFAA

•MOCAMOCA•DGCADGCA

•BCASBCAS•AAIAAI

•CustomsCustoms

•ImmigrationImmigration

ICAO FLAG

ICAO LOGO

The The International Civil Aviation OrganizationInternational Civil Aviation Organization ((ICAOICAO), an agency of the United Nations, codifies ), an agency of the United Nations, codifies the principles and techniques of international air the principles and techniques of international air navigation and fosters the planning and navigation and fosters the planning and development of international air transport to development of international air transport to ensure safe and orderly growth.ensure safe and orderly growth.

The constitution of ICAO is the Convention on International Civil The constitution of ICAO is the Convention on International Civil Aviation, drawn up by a conference in Chicago in November and Aviation, drawn up by a conference in Chicago in November and December 1944, and to which each ICAO Contracting State is a December 1944, and to which each ICAO Contracting State is a party. According to the terms of the Convention, the Organization party. According to the terms of the Convention, the Organization is made up of an Assembly, a Council of limited membership with is made up of an Assembly, a Council of limited membership with various subordinate bodies and a Secretariat. The chief officers various subordinate bodies and a Secretariat. The chief officers are the President of the Council and the Secretary General.are the President of the Council and the Secretary General.

Dr. Taïeb Chérif

International Air Transport Association International Air Transport Association comprisescomprises

230 air carriers230 air carriers93% of scheduled international air traffic93% of scheduled international air traffic

Administrative set-up in India

MINISTRY OF CIVIL AVIATIONMINISTRY OF CIVIL AVIATION

Autonomous Autonomous OrganizationsOrganizations

1.1. DGCADGCA2.2. BCASBCAS3.3. IGRUAIGRUA4.4. Commission of Commission of Railway SafetyRailway Safety

Air CarriersAir Carriers

1.1. Air IndiaAir India2.2. Indian AirlinesIndian Airlines3.3. PawanhansPawanhans

AirportsAirports

Airports AuthorityAirports Authority of Indiaof India

5 Regions5 Regions

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