AIM: HOW DID PRINCE METTERNICH PROVE THAT HE WAS CORRECT IN HIS FEARS? Do Now : Define : conservatism, liberalism, nationalism Unit Question: How did.

AIM: HOW DID PRINCE METTERNICH PROVE THAT HE WAS CORRECT IN HIS FEARS?

Do Now: Define: conservatism, liberalism, nationalism

Unit Question: How did rev. ideals in Europe & Latin America ignite uprisings in the first ½ of the 19 th c?

FRENCH REVOLUTION

Why did the French Revolution start?

How does it influence the rest of the world?

A “REVOLUTIONARY SEED”

“Passions are let loose…to overthrow everything that society respects as the basis of its existence: religion, public morality, laws, customs, rights and duties, all are attacked, confounded, overthrown, or called in question.”

What were Prince Metternich’s fears?

PRINCE METTERNICH

Conservative (prefer Old Order)Wanted to push back

revolutionary ideas Urged monarchs to oppose

freedom of the press & send troops to set protesting lands in flames

LIBERALS “BOURGEOIS LIBERALISM”

Universal manhood suffrage: gave men right to vote

Supports Adam Smith’s laissez-faire economicsFree market= capitalism

CENTRAL EUROPE CHALLENGES OLD ORDER (1830)

Russians helped Serbia win autonomy (self-rule), within the Ottoman Empire

Greece wins independence from Ottoman power, but forced to accept a German king

France supported Spain in their revolt for constitutional government

Austria crossed the Alps to crush Italian rebellions

GROUP ACTIVITY

“Beliefs on the Line”1. Please push desks out of center of room.2. Stand on either side of the line.3. Listen for directions.

ACTIVITY DEBRIEF

1.Which statements were liberal and which were conservative?

2.What observations did you make about the times students took a step forward?

3.-How are these beliefs formed?4.How would conservatives in France feel vs. liberals in

France right after the revolution? 5.Why do people’s ideologies cause turmoil?

AIM: WHAT WERE THE CAUSES & EFFECTS OF THE REVOLUTIONS IN 1830 & 1848?

Do Now: Analyze the following quote –

“We are sleeping on a volcano…Doyou not see that the Earth tremblesanew? A wind of revolution blows,the storm is on the horizon.”-Alexis de Tocqueville

FRENCH REBELS WIN IN 1830

Congress of Vienna: restored Louis XVIII to French throneIssued a constitution (Charter of

French liberties)Citizens lead the July Revolution

Charles X vs liberals and radicals (those who favor extreme change) in Paris

FRENCH REBELS WIN IN 1830“Citizen King” Rules FranceRadicals want republicModerate liberals insist

on constitutional monarchyLouis Philippe – got

along well with liberal bourgeoisie

THE SPIRIT OF REFORM SPREADS

Some rebels win changes but even where they failed, revolutions frightened rulers enough to encourage reformsBelgium wins independence

1831 becomes an independent state with a liberal constitution

Rebels in Poland failCongress of Vienna handed Poland

to Russia and Russians crushed Polish rebels

THE FRENCH REVOLT AGAIN IN 1848

1848: political discontent was met with a recession (period of reduced economic activity) = Paris was again ripe for a revolutionTurmoil spreads during “February

Days”Second Republic – king abdicates,

but differences between liberal, radical and social leaders divided the new government

THE FRENCH REVOLT AGAIN IN 1848The working class loses out during

“June Days”Upper and middle class interests had

won control of the governmentFurious, workers took to the streets

of Paris1500 killed before the government

crushed the rebellionBitter legacy = middle class feared &

distrusted the socialists, working class hated the bourgeoisie

THE FRENCH REVOLT IN 1848

A new Napoleon comes to power

National Assembly issued a constitution for the Second Republic

Gave the vote to all adult men, widest suffrage in the world at the time

Elections for President – Louis Napoleon won

1852 = proclaimed himself emperor In time, Napoleon would embark on foreign

adventures that would bring down his empire and end French leadership in Europe

REVOLUTION SURGES THROUGH EUROPE

In the Austrian Empire, students and workers joined together forcing Metternich to resign

In Budapest, Hungarian nationalists demanded an independent government

In Prague, the Czechs call for end of serfdom and a written constitution

REVOLUTION SURGES THROUGH EUROPE Revolts in Italy:

nationalists wanted to end Hapsburg domination,

expel the pope from Rome

install nationalist government

Rebellion in the German States:

divisions emerge over whether Germany should be a republic or monarchy

whether to include Austria

king rejects offer of crown

TIMELINE ACTIVITY

Instructions:Each group will make a timeline from a certain “Age” in History using notes, textbook and reference materialsLabel –

1. Political Leaders2. Military Expansion or Shrinkage3. Economic Developments4. Social/Cultural Changes

At bottom, write brief analysis (3-6 sentences) of what your overall timeline shows

What you need:• Minimum - 15 events on your

timeline• 2 leaders (political or religious)• At least 1 religious event• At least 1 political event• At least 1 military event• At least 1 drawing• Way “Age” led to next “Age”

Example: Renaissance led to Reformation, etc.

Groups:1. Age of Rebirth (Renaissance)2. Age of Questioning (Reformation)3. Age of Absolutism (Rise of Monarchies)4. Age of Reasoning (Scientific Revolution + Enlightenment)5. Age of Revolutions (French Revolution)6. Age of Revolutions (Central Europe/Eastern Europe – Serbia,

Poland, Belgium, Austria)7. Age of Revolutions (France post Napoleon, Revolution Round 2)8. Age of Revolutions (Western Europe = Greece, Spain, Italy,

Germany)

AIM: WHO WERE THE KEY REVOLUTIONARIES THAT LED THE MOVEMENTS FOR INDEPENDENCE IN LATIN AMERICA, AND WHAT WERE THEIR ACCOMPLISHMENTS?

DO NOW: WHY WAS LATIN AMERICA INVOLVED IN THE AGE OF EXPLORATION?

GROWING DISCONTENTNapoleon puts his brother Joseph on Spanish throne

Leaders of Latin America saw this as a weakness from Spain

EnlightenmentFrench Rev.Constitution & Declaration translated

SIMON BOLIVAR “THE LIBERATOR”

• Led uprising republic in Venezuela (1810), but ruined by conservative forces• Civil war enraged• Bolivar was exiled twice to Haiti

• Planned to attack Spain from Bogota (Columbia) through the Andes Mountains• Caracas, Venezuela was freed (1821)

• Joined Jose de San Martin to aid Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia but would not succeed

JOSE DE SAN MARTIN

CreoleLed revolt that freed ChileHanded over command to

Bolivar to further victories against the Spanish colonial rule

TOUSSAINT L’OUVERTURE: HAITI

Former slave, brilliant general & inspiring commander

Hispaniola: French planters own profitable sugar plantations, working ½ a million slaves

Napoleon’s men invade, Toussaint is captured & died in prison a year later (1803)

Yellow fever strikes killing French army- forced to surrender- Hispaniola takes the name Haiti & becomes a republic in 1820.

FATHER HIDALGO

(1810) creole priest rang church bells to make his speech for freedom

El Grito del Dolores: called for Mexicans to fight for independence

Captured, executed, followers scattered

Father Jose Morelos took lead

King Iturbide = Emperor Augustin I for fear of liberal reforms liberal Mexicans overthrow the monarch & form a

Republic of Mexico

PORTUGUESE ROYAL FAMILY FLEES TO BRAZIL

Napoleon conquers PortugalKing returns to Portugal, leaving

his son Dom Pedro to rule BrazilDom Pedro crowned himself king

of Brazil and enabled independence & a constitution: freedom of press, religion and elected legislature