2-2-10. Quiz… 1. Klemens von Metternich believed in conservatism. What is ONE thing he wanted to change about Europe in order to make it more conservative?

2-2-10

Quiz…1. Klemens von Metternich believed in conservatism.

What is ONE thing he wanted to change about Europe in order to make it more conservative?

2. Explain the Principle of Intervention3. What is a “balance of power”?4. Explain how liberals did NOT believe in democracy.5. Nationalists swore loyalty to the _______ instead of to

the King or Queen.6. What was one revolutionary outburst that occurred as

a result of nationalism.7. What sparked the French Revolution of 1848?8. T or F – after the completion of the drafted German

constitution, German unification was achieved.9. T or F – after the eruption of nationalist demonstrations

throughout the Austrian Empire, citizens of Prague, Poland and Czechoslovakia achieved independence.

10. The last revolutionary upheavals over national independence occurred where:

Quiz Answers1. Principle of legitimacy – putting old monarchs back on

the throne, creating a balance of power, wanted people to show obedience to authority.

2. Great powers could intervene to put down revolutions that threatened political stability.

3. No one country would have too much military or territorial power.

4. Did not want to share power with the lower classes – opposed universal male suffrage.

5. Nation6. Belgium, Italy, Poland and France.7. Bad economy followed by new Provisional government

closing the National Workshops.8. F9. F10. Italian states

Chapter 12.3

The Ideal of Nationalism1800s people wanted to build own nation-

statesBelief that people of common ancestry

should unite under a single governmentNationalist links include:

NationalityLanguageCultureHistoryReligionTerritory

Homework tonight: 398 – 401 and outline!I.Toward National UnificationBreakdown of the Concert of Europe Russia and Ottoman Empire fight in the

Crimean War. Ottomans had access to the Strait of

Dardanelles and Russia wanted it (access to Mediterranean)

1853, Russia invaded Ottoman Empire and France and Britain helped the Ottomans –

Ottomans won – kept control of the Balkans. Broke down the Concert of Europe – made

Russia and Austria hate each other (Austria didn’t help the Russians OR the Ottomans because Austria wanted the Balkans too).

Italian UnificationIn N. Italy, a guy

named Cavour used diplomacy and alliances to unite ItalyWanted total control of

N. Italy (Austria controlled much of N. Italy)

Got together w/ France to fight the Austrians. With Napoleon III’s help, the two got Austria out of Italy

Cavour – Prime minister of Piedmont-Sardinia (he has at least two chins)

Garibaldi wanted unification in S. Italy

Garibaldi captured Sicily in Southern Italy and gave it to Cavour and King Victor Emmanuel

Garibaldi (he looks like he herds goats)

Many challenges after unification was complete (the Pope had control of Vatican City, but no longer controlled the anything else)

Rivalries remain between industrialized north and agricultural south

Major political and economic problems – Italy entered the 20th century as a poor country

German UnificationPrussia led German unificationKing of Prussia, William I, appointed Otto

van Bismarck as prime minister. Bismarck was hired when William and

parliament started fighting over $. Bismarck declared that they would rule

WITHOUT parliament OR a legal budgetBismarck ruled by Realpolitik – “the

politics of reality” (tough power politics with no idealism or diplomacy)

Bismarck continued…Bismarck was

shrewd and ambitious

Went to war w/ Denmark for Schleswig and Holstein after forming alliances between Austria and Prussia

Bismarck eliminated Austria in a short war over a border dispute.

Prussia won and got more land – increased Prussian nationalist pride and the desire for a unified Germany

Bismarck then lured France into war.

The war united all Germans under 1 leader: King William I named himself Kaiser and named the empire the 2nd Reich (2nd German Empire)