National Air Emissions Monitoring Study Purdue Agricultural Air Quality Laboratory Albert J. Heber, Professor [email protected] www.AgAirQuality.com Agricultural and Biological Engineering Purdue University
National Air Emissions Monitoring Study
Purdue Agricultural Air Quality Laboratory
Albert J. Heber, [email protected]
www.AgAirQuality.com
Agricultural and Biological Engineering
Purdue University
NAEMS ObjectiveDetermine whether livestock farms are likely to emit PM and VOC in excess of
CAA thresholds, or NH3 and H2S in excess of CERCLA and EPCRA reporting
requirements.
8 states$14.6M (incl. admin + contingency)2.5 yrs24 months of monitoring
Air emissions from two to three barns per site will be measured for 24 months using accepted methods.
NAEMS Timeline1/04 1/06 1/071/05 1/08
Protocol development
PI selection, staffing, budgeting
Producer Signup
EPA’s review of Consent Agreements
Data collection (2 yrs)
1/09 1/10
EPA’s Development of Emission Estimation Methodologies EEM
Site setup
EPA’s QAPP review
QAPP development Site selection, SOPs, SMPs
NAEMSNAEMS
Equipment acquisition Purdue Training Session
Study Design SummaryTwenty representative livestock production sites.Outdoor manure facilities (9) and corral (1) monitored every season
Hydrogen sulfide (UVDOAS or pulsed fluorescence with S-OP).Ammonia (TDLAS, UVDOAS, photoacoustic spectroscopy)Ethanol, methanol, NMHC (photoacoustic spectroscopy)Tomography or Radial Plume Mapping with TDLASBackward Lagrangian stochastic (BLS) modeling
Barns (38) monitored continuouslyHydrogen sulfide (pulsed flourescence) Ammonia (photoacoustic spectroscopy) Ethanol, methanol, NMHC (photoacoustic spectroscopy)Non-methane HC (photoacoustic spectroscopy, GC-FID)Carbon dioxide (photoacoustic spectroscopy)TSP, PM2.5, PM10 (TEOM)Barn airflow (fan speed, pressure, velocity, portable fan tester)
Integrated SamplingVOCs: GC-MS (canisters, tubes), IC (impingers)
EPA-approved standard operating procedures
NAEMS Purdue Team for Barn Monitoring
Erin Cortus
Al Heber
Connie Li
Hua Xu Bill Bogan
Claude Diehl Kaiying Wang
Richard Liu Teng Lim
Juan Carlos Ramirez Sam Hanni
Jeong Ha Jiqin Ni
National Milk Producers Federation National Pork Board United Egg Producers National Chicken Council
U.S. EPA Agricultural Air Research Council
Battelle Independent Monitoring Contractor (Purdue University)
Administrator (Dimmitt) Project Director (Heber)
NAEMS Organization
DB DBDB DB DB
SB SB SB SB SB
LB LB LB
Purdue(TL)
NCSU(WR)
NCSU (LW)
Cornell(CG)
UMN(LJ)
WSU(PN)
UCD (RZ)
UCD(FM)
TAMU (KC)
Purdue(JN)
ISU(JK)
BB
E team (AL, MB)
W team (EF, JF)
CLTech
DL DL DL DC
S Bas
SL
SL
SLSL SL
Open-Source Project Manager (Grant)
Assist. Project Manager (Lim)
Operations Mgr (Bogan)
QA Mgr (Ramirez)
Assist. Project Manager (Ni)
VOC Mgr(Xu)
GA Mgr(Diehl/Li)
DA(Cortus)
DA(Wang)
DA(Li)
DA(Liu)
DA(Ha)
RA (Hanni)
DA (Ramirez)
Meat Chicken Producer Egg Producers Pork Producers Milk Producers
Site Principal Investigators at Eight Cooperating Universities
Lim/Ni/Grant – Purdue UniversityJacobson - University of MinnesotaMitloehner/Zhang – University of California -DavisKoziel/Hoff/Harmon – Iowa State UniversityCasey – Texas A&M UniversityNdegwa – Washington State UniversityRobarge/Wang –North Carolina State University
Legend1 – Broilers2 – Layers3 – Swine finishers4 – Sows (swine)5 – DairiesA – Open sourceB – Barn source
WA5AWA5B
CA1BCA2BCA5B
IA3AIA4B
WI5AWI5B
OK3AOK4AOK4B
TX5A
IN2BIN3BIN4AIN5AIN5B
NC2BNC3ANC3BNC4ANC4B
NY5B
National Air Emissions Monitoring Study Sites
Summary of NAEMS Sites
Barns per Site Total number Number of Area SitesSpecies
2-b 3-b 4-b Sites Barns Corrals Lagoons Basins Total
Swine 0 4 1 5 16 0 5 1 6
Dairy 3 2 0 5 12 1 3 0 4
Layers 2 0 1 3 8 0 0 0 0
Broilers 1 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0
Total 6 6 2 14 38 1 8 1 10
Equipment Acquisition
Winding Down
GSS
DAQ
QC
Gas Sampling System
CO2
p
MC
Mb
Exhaust
Vacuum Sensor
A
M1Mb
Tubing and Fitting Material:
Sampling control Data acquisition
RH/Temp sensor
Thermostat
p
Ms
Mb
M1Mb Sampling control Data acquisition
p
MC
Mb
M1Mb Sampling control Data acquisition
Coolingfan
P1
P2
Cal Gases
Bypass Pumping Circuit
Filter
M1Mb Sampling control Data acquisition
RH/TRH/TRH/TRH/T
Mass Flow Meter
ffff
fff f
H2SH2SH2SCH4/NMHC
B
Bag Fill Port
Needle Valve
Ball Valve
H2SH2SH2SCO2
H2SH2SH2SNH3/CO2/VOCs
H2SH2SH2SH2S
Flow Direction Sensor
Rotameter
Mb
Ms
Ma
Solenoid Valve
6-port Dilutor(5 L/min)
In Barn Gas Sampling System Instrument Rack
NH3
H2S
Zero AirSO2
C3H8/CH4
TeflonNylonStainless Steel
Flow Restrictor
Type of Line:
SamplingExhaustCalibration
Abbreviation:
P PumpM Manifold
Purdue Training Session
Equipment Received
Cal gases and regulators (air, SO2, CO2, NH3, H2S)TFS TEOM, Beta Gage, and Partisol PM samplersTeflon sampling tubing and static pressure tubingGas diluters from Environics and Thermo FisherInstrument trailers, and most outfitting materials Data acquisition computer systems for all sitesVOC canisters, sorbent tubes, and impingersGas sampling system (GSS) componentsUninterruptible power supply (UPS) unitsRoof-mounted weather station towersMethane/non-methane HC analyzerCAPECAB data analysis softwareRH/T chilled mirror hygrometerMulti-conductor signal cables
Instrument Trailers (13)Modifications:
StepsCompartment ventAC exhaust hoodsShelves, ductworkLightning arrestorFurniture
Equipment Received
Differential pressure sensors Fan monitoring sensors
RPM sensors (142/240)Current switches (134)
Custom TEOM enclosures Solar sensors and shieldsDAQ I/O modules (93%)Temperature calibratorLow pressure calibratorThermocouple wiresAirflow calibratorsActivity sensorsH2S analyzersHeating cable
Equipment Ordered
Multigas (NH3, CO2, VOC) analyzers (10/15 rec’d)Custom Beta Gage Enclosures (1 rec’d)Wind Sentry anemometers (1/14 rec’d)VOC calibration gases and regulatorsUltrasonic anemometers (50% rec’d)DAQ I/O modules (7%)Fan monitoring sensors
RPM sensors (98/240)Propeller anemometers
MSA CO2 analyzers (2)FANS analyzersRH/T sensors
Equipment to Order
55C connection hardwareBalance of RPM sensorsRH/T transfer standardsFANS trailersMisc.
Fan Monitoring MethodsHall effect sensors (RPM sensors)Current switchesPropeller anemometersVibration sensors
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
CA1BCA2B IN
2BIN
2HNC2B IA4B
IN3B
NC3BNC4BOK4B IN
5BNY5BWI5B
Site
Prop
ortio
n of
Act
ive
Fans
No Direct MonitoringCurrent SwitchRPM Sensors
Cal Gases Checked by FTIR
A closed-cell FTIR is used to check calibration gas cylinders
VOC Sampling MethodsCanister
Impinger
Sorbenttube
Tubesampler
VOC Analysis
Ion Chromatograph(Dr. Connie Li)
GC-MS (Dr. Hua Xu)
Major Changes to Original Protocol
Use TEOM for PM2.5, PM10, TSPUse Innova 1412 for NH3, CO2, VOCUse RPM sensors, current switchesConsidering synthetic open path
TEOM Sampling Inlets
PM10
TSP
PM2.5
The TEOM air inlets shown here can measure total suspended particulate, PM10 or PM2.5.
Area Site Layouts
Stakes color-coded to indicate what kind of instrument is installed at each location
All layouts have been staked out on site.
Concrete tower bases & anchors
Site Status
IN4A DoneNC3A DoneNC4A DoneOK3A DoneOK4A DoneWA5AWI5A DoneIA3A Done
Installing anchors
Installing tower bases in concrete
Setup: Erecting towers
68 ft towerSite Status
IN4A DoneNC3A DoneNC4A DoneOK3A DoneOK4A DoneWA5AWI5AIA3A
Hardware/Software ConfigurationWind and meteorological/lagoon sensors (PAML)
Quality assurance software near completionDatalogger program developedTesting of RF communicationsDesign & manufacturing of communications & power configurations
Design lagoon float for pH, redox, and water temperature (PAML)
Testing to be done at nearby pond.Design and testing of TDLAS communications (Boreal Laser)RPM software under development (Arcadis)
Final testing by PAML awaiting receipt of one complete scanning TDLAS system from Boreal Laser and installation of towers at IN4A.
PC systems for in-trailer and lab use under development (PAML)
Open Source Methods TestingSynthetic Open Path vs. UVDOAS
Testing using release of 10% SO2 in open field10-orifice system w/ flourescence detected SO2 at 20 mUVDOAS calibration verified for SO2 using function cell.UVDOAS 100-m path has alignment problems in winds
Open Path UVDOAS H2S evaluationCurrent modeling efforts have RMSE at approximately 1 ppm-m for both NH3 and H2S.Manufacturer testing and modification near completionWill be tested against S-OPS at lagoon near Purdue.
TDLAS NH3 scanning system testingTesting at dairy lagoon.Scanner reliably moved between 3 retroreflectors (6 h). TDLAS detected NH3 at levels <1ppm-m (measurements failed QA due to sub MDL (5ppm-m) levels).
Site IN2B has one OFIS in placeOFIS trailer in place between the two high-rise layer barns, with raceways
extending into each barn. All-weather access to trailer.
Setup of high-rise portion completed by Dr. Ni’s team in Dec./Jan.
Site IN2B Setup(High rise houses)
14 inside sampling points1 outside sampling pointTeflon tubing (3500 ft)Thermocouples (10) Static pressure sensors (4)Activity sensors (4)Temperature/humidity probes (4)Propeller anemometers (12)Vibration sensors (48)Fan stage relays for automatic stage control (24)
Installing sampling line and port at a fan in the lower level of the
HR barn
Site IN3B Progress
All hardware installedCurrently troubleshooting DAQTraining session site last week.
Trailer Delivery Schedule
April 1 IN3B
April 30 IA4B
May 7 IN5B, IN2B
May 14 WI5B, CA1B
May 21 NC2B, OK4B
May 28 CA5B
June 4 NC3B, CA2B
June 11 NY5B, WA5B
June 18 NC4B
Site Site typeVent type
# UnitsMeas.
Manurecollection
Manurestorage4 Bedding type5 Places
NY5B Freestall MV 23 Scrape Dig./SS/Basin SDSSDS
Mattress/shavingsSoil/MS/
Alm. shells
MS
470IN5B Freestall MV 2 Scrape Dig./SS/Basin 1600
CA5B Open Freestall2 NV 2 Flush SP/Basin 600
WI5B Freestall MV 33 Flush SP/Basin 325
WA5B1 Open Freestall2 NV 2 Flush SP/SS/Basin 650
NAEMS Dairy Sites
1Barn sites that also have measured area sources2Cattle free to walk from open freestall barn into dry lots between barns.3Monitored units include milking center.4SP = settling pond5MS = Manure solidsSDS = Separated digested solids
Freestall barn S
N
New York Dairy Site(NY5B)
Milking Center
Instrument shelterThermocouple SUltrasonic anemometer Static pressure port Solar sensor
AnemometerRH/Temp probe
TEOM
Activity sensor Air sampling
Wind sensor
Exhaust fan
Air InletHeated racewayRPM sensor
Site monitoring plan for continuous air emission testing.Updated April 24, 2007 ELC
New York Dairy Site(NY5B)
Cross section of the freestall barns showing measurement locations.
21
13
3
14
4
15
2423 25
16
5 6 7 8
17 18
28 29
19
30
9
20
11
12 22
26 27
5410
21
S
Static pressure port
RH/Temp probe
TEOM
Activity sensor
Thermocouple
Air sampling
Wind sensor Heated raceway
Solar sensorS
Exhaust fan
Instrument shelter
Air Inlet
Ultrasonic anemometer
Anemometer
RPM sensor
Indiana Dairy Site(IN5B)
Static pressure port
RH/Temp probe
PM monitor
Activity sensor
Thermocouple
Air sampling
Wind sensor
Instrument shelter Anemometer
Heated raceway
Solar sensorS
Exhaust fan Cool cell
S
Barn 1 (29 m x 472 m)
Barn 2 (29 m x 472 m)
Each fan symbol represents 3 fans along here and on
corresponding fans on east end of barn.
SE1
NE1
SE15
NE15
SW1SW15
NW1NW15
Milking Center (28 m x 96 m)
Bank of 13 fans
Dry Cow Barn
NCurrent SwitchRPM sensor
Site monitoring plan for continuous air emission testing at freestall barns 1 and 2, and in the holding barn associated with the milking parlor.
Indiana Dairy Site(IN5B)
Static pressure port
RH/Temp probe
PM10, continuous
TSP, gravimetric
PM2.5, gravimetric
Activity sensor
Thermocouple
Air sampling
Wind sensor
Instrument shelter
Anemometer
Heated raceway
Solar sensorS
Exhaust fan
Cool cell
Barn 1 Barn 2
Offices and Milking Parlor Cow holding
OFIS
1 78 13
1 1 1 1
1 3
5
77
8 8
9 9
10 10 1011
Ventilation stageFan numbers
S
Cross section of freestall barns 1 and 2 and side view of milking center showing measurement locations.
Thermocouple Air sampling
RH/Temp probe PM10 monitor Activity sensor
Wind sensor
Solar sensorS
Ultrasonic anemometer Raceway
OFIS
Static pressure port
Exhaust Fan
Anemometer
Barn 2 (30 m x 107 m)
10
1 20
30
5 42453555 5 543451453 524
40
50
56
45
35
25
15
5
345413543 2 355542453 414 455524535 355
324554324 4 524531545 453 145435245 54535454 155 43545 5 35542543 425 451534 5
10
1 20
15
5 25
30
40
50
45
35
60
55
66
Barn 1 (28 m x 93 m)
Holding
Parlor
ofis
S
NBarn 3
Fan Number
Ventilation Stage
SS
Wisconsin Dairy Site(WI5B)
Site monitoring plan for continuous air emission testing.
Wisconsin Dairy Site (WI5B)
Barn 2Barn 1HoldingParlor N
S
Barn 3
Thermocouple Air sampling
RH/Temp probe TEOM Activity sensor
Wind sensor
Solar sensorS
Ultrasonic anemometer Raceway
OFIS
Static pressure port
Exhaust Fan
Anemometer
Barn 2Barn 1HoldingParlor NN
S
Barn 3
Thermocouple Air sampling
RH/Temp probe TEOM Activity sensor
Wind sensor
Solar sensorS
Ultrasonic anemometer Raceway
OFIS
Static pressure port
Exhaust Fan
Anemometer
S
Barn 2Barn 1
Cross section of the freestall barns showing measurement locations.
California Dairy Site(CA5B)
N
Thermocouple Air samplingRH/Temp probe
TEOM
Activity sensor
Wind sensorSolar sensorS
Ultrasonic anemometer Instrument shelterHeated racewayDifferential Pressure
S2 2 2
4444 44
2 2 2
1 3 3 3 3 3 3
1
7 7 7
10 9 99 9 9 9
77 7 10
6 8 8 8 8 8 8
6
OFIS 11
5
5
Barn 2
Barn 1
Soil temperatureN
Thermocouple Air samplingRH/Temp probe
TEOM
Activity sensor
Wind sensorSolar sensorS
Ultrasonic anemometer Instrument shelterHeated racewayDifferential Pressure
Thermocouple Air samplingRH/Temp probe
TEOM
Activity sensor
Wind sensorSolar sensorS
Ultrasonic anemometer Instrument shelterHeated racewayDifferential Pressure
S2 2 2
4444 44
2 2 2
1 3 3 3 3 3 3
1
7 7 7
10 9 99 9 9 9
77 7 10
6 8 8 8 8 8 8
6
OFIS 11
5
5
Barn 2
Barn 1
Soil temperature
Site monitoring plan for continuous air emission testing.
California Dairy Site(CA5B)
NS
Barns 1 and 2
Barn 1 Barn 2 SE
Thermocouple
Air samplingRH/Temp probeTEOM
Activity sensor
Wind sensorSolar sensorS
Ultrasonic anemometer Instrument shelterHeated racewayDifferential Pressure
NS
Barns 1 and 2
Barn 1 Barn 2 SE
Thermocouple
Air samplingRH/Temp probeTEOM
Activity sensor
Wind sensorSolar sensorS
Ultrasonic anemometer Instrument shelterHeated racewayDifferential Pressure
Cross section of the freestall barns showing measurement locations.
Washington Dairy Site(WA5B)
Heated raceway
Thermocouple
Air samplingRH/Temp probe
PM10, continuousActivity sensor
Instrument Shelter
TSP, gravimetric
PM2.5, gravimetric
Wind sensor
Solar sensorS
Ultrasonic Anemometer
Barn 1 Barn 2
S
N
31.1 m 18.3 m 18.3 m 39 m
Differential Pressure
Heated raceway
Thermocouple
Air samplingRH/Temp probe
PM10, continuousActivity sensor
Instrument Shelter
TSP, gravimetric
PM2.5, gravimetric
Wind sensor
Solar sensorS
Ultrasonic Anemometer
Barn 1 Barn 2
S
NN
31.1 m 18.3 m 18.3 m 39 m
Differential Pressure
Cross section of the freestall barns showing measurement locations.
Washington Dairy Site(WA5B)
Barn 2
Ultrasonic AnemometerStatic pressure port
RH/Temp probe
TEOMActivity sensor
Thermocouple
Air sampling Wind sensor Heated raceway
Solar sensorS
OFIS
1
1
7 7 7
10
10
6
6
9 9 9
8 8 8
5
5
2 2 2
3 3 3
4 4 4
N
OFIS
Barn 4
Barn 2
Ultrasonic AnemometerStatic pressure port
RH/Temp probe
TEOMActivity sensor
Thermocouple
Air sampling Wind sensor Heated raceway
Solar sensorS
OFIS
1
1
7 7 7
10
10
6
6
9 9 9
8 8 8
5
5
2 2 2
3 3 3
4 4 4
N
OFIS
Barn 4
Barn top-view showing measurement locations.
Washington Dairy Site(WA5B)
Thermocouple
Air samplingRH/Temp probe
PM10, continuousActivity sensor
TSP, gravimetric
PM2.5, gravimetric
Wind sensorSolar sensorS
Ultrasonic Anemometer
Freestall Barns # 1
S
S
Barn 2 East Side view
Barn 2 top view N213.4 m
39 m
4.2
m 10.1
m
Thermocouple
Air samplingRH/Temp probe
PM10, continuousActivity sensor
TSP, gravimetric
PM2.5, gravimetric
Wind sensorSolar sensorS
Ultrasonic Anemometer
Freestall Barns # 1
S
S
Barn 2 East Side view
Barn 2 top view N213.4 m
39 m
4.2
m 10.1
m
Barn 2 layout showing measurement locations.
Site Site TypeVentilation
Type
# of UnitsMeas.
ManureCollection
ManureStorage
Places
NC2B High-rise MV (tunnel) 2 CBC1 First floor 103,000
IN2B High-riseBelt battery
Manure shed
MV (sidewall)MV (sidewall)
MV
221
CBCBelt
Loader
First floorShed
-
250,000280,000
CA2B High-rise MV (side wall) 2 DB2 First floor 74,000
1CBC = curtain backed cages2DB = dropping boards under cages
Layer and Broiler SitesLayer Sites
Site Site Type Ventilation Type# UnitsMeas.
ManureCollection
ManureStorage
Places
CA1B Litter on floor MV (tunnel) 2 Scraper None 21,000
Broiler Site
Static pressure port
RH/Temp probe
PM monitorActivity sensor
Thermocouple
Air sampling
Wind sensor
Instrument shelter
Anemometer
Heated raceway
Solar sensorSExhaust fan
Air inlet
S
Barn 3 Barn 4Stage 1 Fans
N
Barn 3
Barn 4 S
NHigh Rise Barns (18 m x 175 m)
Site monitoring plan for continuous air emission testing.
North Carolina Layer Site(NC2B)
1 19 20 22 32 34 40
1 19 20 22 32 34 40
1 19 20 22 32 34 40
1 19 20 22 32 34 40
High Rise Barns (100’ x 650’)
Belt Battery Barns (65’ x 525’)
41
44
44
41
41
44
44
41
Barn 7
Barn 6
Barn 8
Barn 9
Manure shed100’ x 280’
Gra
vel D
rive
Gra
vel D
rive
S
4 12 5 9 12 12 10 9 12 610 8 7 6
411 7 5 8
2 12 5 9 12 12 10 9 12 610 8 7 6
411 7 5 8
4 12 5 9 12 10 9 12 610 8 7 6
411 7 5 812
2 12 5 9 12 12 10 9 12 610 8 7 6
411 7 5 8
11 V 3 1 4V
2 3 V 1 2 V 3V
11 V 3 1 4V
2 V 1 2 V 3V
3
11 V 3 1 4V
2 V 1 2 V 3V
3
11 V 3 1 4V
2 V 1 2 V 3V
3
11 5 10 9 4
11 7 5 10 9 4
11 7 5 10 9 4
11 7 5 10 9 4
6
6
7
6
6
1 12411 3V
10
1 106 811 2 12 7 9 9 V 1210 4 9 9 11 11 512 102
V125 111 103 V 127 9 4 1210 86 210 9368
V47
1012 912 210 11368V
574113 V9125 911 1261V 1211 5 9 7 10 8 10 2V
41 10 4 9 3V
10 6 811 2 12 7129
12411 3V
10 6 811 2 12 7 9 9 V 1210 4 9 9 11 11 512 102
V
125 111 103 V 127 9 4 1210 86 210 9368V
47
1012 912 210 11368V
574113 V9125 911 1261V 1211 5 9 7 10 8 10 2
V
41 10 4 9 3V
10 6 811 2 12 7129
20 30 40 50
1 10 20 30 40 50
1 10 20 30 40 50
1 10 20 30 40 50
N
41
1
Barns 8 & 9
1244
1143
842
841
Stage #Fan #
(on roof)
1 19 20 22 32 34 40
1 19 20 22 32 34 40
1 19 20 22 32 34 40
1 19 20 22 32 34 40
High Rise Barns (100’ x 650’)
Belt Battery Barns (65’ x 525’)
41
44
44
41
41
44
44
41
41
44
44
41
41
44
44
41
Barn 7
Barn 6
Barn 8
Barn 9
Manure shed100’ x 280’
Gra
vel D
rive
Gra
vel D
rive
S
4 12 5 9 12 12 10 9 12 610 8 7 6
411 7 5 8
2 12 5 9 12 12 10 9 12 610 8 7 6
411 7 5 8
4 12 5 9 12 10 9 12 610 8 7 6
411 7 5 812
2 12 5 9 12 12 10 9 12 610 8 7 6
411 7 5 8
11 V 3 1 4V
2 3 V 1 2 V2 V 3V
11 V 3 1 4V
2 V 1 2 V 3V
3
11 V 3 1 4V
2 V 1 2 V 3V
3
11 V 3 1 4V
2 V 1 2 V 3V
3
11 5 10 9 4
11 7 5 10 9 4
11 7 5 10 9 4
11 7 5 10 9 4
6
6
7
6
6
1 12411 3V
10
1 106 811 2 12 7 9 9 V 1210 4 9 9 11 11 512 102
V125 111 103 V 127 9 4 1210 86 210 9368
V47
1012 912 210 11368V
574113 V9125 911 1261V 1211 5 9 7 10 8 10 2V
41 10 4 9 3V
10 6 811 2 12 7129
12411 3V
10 6 811 2 12 7 9 9 V 1210 4 9 9 11 11 512 102
V
125 111 103 V 127 9 4 1210 86 210 9368V
47
1012 912 210 11368V
574113 V9125 911 1261V 1211 5 9 7 10 8 10 2
V
41 10 4 9 3V
10 6 811 2 12 7129
20 30 40 50
1 10 20 30 40 50
1 10 20 30 40 50
1 10 20 30 40 50
N
41
1
Barns 8 & 9
1244
1143
842
841
Stage #Fan #
Barns 8 & 9
1244
1143
842
841
Stage #Fan #
(on roof)
Indiana Layer Site(IN2B)
Barn top-view layout showing measurement locations.
Indiana Layer Site (IN2B)
Thermocouple
Air sampling
RH/Temp probe
Static pressure port
TEOM
Activity sensor
Instrument Shelter Wind sensor
Solar sensorS Anemometer
Heated Raceway Cages
Manure Drying Belts
Exhaust FanAir inlet
S
Barn 6 Barn 7
Thermocouple
Air sampling
RH/Temp probe
Static pressure port
TEOM
Activity sensor
Instrument Shelter Wind sensor
Solar sensorS Anemometer
Heated Raceway Cages
Manure Drying Belts
Exhaust FanAir inlet
S
Barn 6 Barn 7
Cross section of the barns showing measurement locations.
California Layer Site (CA2B)
Instrument shelterStatic pressure port
RH/Temp probe
TEOM (PM10, PM2.5, TSP)
Activity sensor
Thermocouple
Air sampling
Wind sensor
Anemometer
Air inlet
Heated raceway
Solar sensorS
Exhaust fan
1
High Rise Houses (472 ft x 49 ft)
12
3456
78910
1112
12
3456
78910
1112
Barn 3
House 5
House 6
72
8491693
85
72
8491
1693
85
Water, power, phone
N
Power line (100 A)
Feed
bin
s
Egg
conv
eyor
Instrument shelterStatic pressure port
RH/Temp probe
TEOM (PM10, PM2.5, TSP)
Activity sensor
Thermocouple
Air sampling
Wind sensor
Anemometer
Air inlet
Heated raceway
Solar sensorS
Exhaust fan
1
High Rise Houses (472 ft x 49 ft)
12
3456
78910
1112
12
3456
78910
1112
Barn 3
House 5
House 6
72
8491693
85
72
8491
1693
85
Water, power, phone
N
Power line (100 A)
Feed
bin
s
Egg
conv
eyor
California Layer Site(CA2B)
Air inlet
Activity sensor
Thermocouple
Air sampling
Wind sensor
Solar sensorS
RH/Temp probe
Static pressure port
TEOM
Anemometer
Exhaust fan
Heated raceway
House 6House 5
Barn 3 S
OFIS
Cages
Air inlet
Activity sensor
Thermocouple
Air sampling
Wind sensor
Solar sensorS
RH/Temp probe
Static pressure port
TEOM
Anemometer
Exhaust fan
Heated raceway
House 6House 5
Barn 3 S
OFIS
Cages
Barn cross section showing measurement locations.
1 (inactive)
1 (inactive)
7
910
11
8
3 4 5 6
3 4 5 67
9 10
11
128
2
SBarn 10(12.2 m x 125 m)
Barn 12(12.2 m x 125 m)
12
N
2
Fan Number
California Broiler Site(CA1B)
S
Barn 12 Barn 10N
PM, continuous Static pressure portVentilation fan BroodersActivity sensor
Thermocouple RH/Temp probeAir sampling S Solar
sensorAnemomete
rCool CellWind sensor Instrument ShelterAir Inlet
Site monitoring plan for continuous air emission testing.
SiteProduction
phase# units meas.
Places Manure collection
Manure storage2
NC4B1 B/GF 213
214
21
85020
PPR3
PPRLagoonLagoon
NC3B Finisher 800 PPR Lagoon
IA4B B/GF 110024
Deep pit4
PPRDeep pit4
Gest. pitsIN3B Finisher 1000 Deep pit4
OK4B1 B/GF 120024
PPRPPR
LagoonLagoon
Swine Sites
1Barn Sites that also have measured area sources, which are described in the open-source QAPP 2Characterizes type of farm, not necessarily a measurement location.3PPR = pull plug with recharge4Storage is inside the barn so separate measurement not needed for storage.
North Carolina Swine Site(NC4B)
Thermocouple Air samplingRH/Temp probe
Static pressure port
TEOM
Activity sensorInstrument Shelter
Wind sensorSolar sensorS
Anemometer
Heated raceway
Exhaust fanCool cell
Gas heater
N
S
W E
Barn 1 (Breeding-Gestation) (430 ft x 57 ft)
Barn 2 (Gestation) (316 ft x 60 ft)
Barn 1 (Farrowing) (352 ft x 56 ft)
53
1247
53
1247
64
12-357
8
8
S
12
3456
78
9101112
123
456
87
1 2 3
3, 41, 2
5
Cooling cell (stage 6)
Cooling cell (stage 6)
Thermocouple Air samplingRH/Temp probe
Static pressure port
TEOM
Activity sensorInstrument Shelter
Wind sensorSolar sensorS
Anemometer
Heated raceway
Exhaust fanCool cell
Gas heater
Thermocouple Air samplingRH/Temp probe
Static pressure port
TEOM
Activity sensorInstrument Shelter
Wind sensorSolar sensorS
Anemometer
Heated raceway
Exhaust fanCool cell
Gas heater
N
S
W E
N
S
W E
Barn 1 (Breeding-Gestation) (430 ft x 57 ft)
Barn 2 (Gestation) (316 ft x 60 ft)
Barn 1 (Farrowing) (352 ft x 56 ft)
53
1247
53
1247
64
12-357
8
8
S
12
3456
78
9101112
123
456
87
1 2 3
3, 41, 2
5
Cooling cell (stage 6)
Cooling cell (stage 6)
Barn top-view layout showing measurement locations.
North Carolina Swine Site(NC4B)
S
Thermocouple Air samplingRH/Temp probe
Static pressure port
TEOM
Activity sensorInstrument Shelter
Wind sensorSolar sensorS
Anemometer
Heated raceway
Exhaust fanCool cell
Gas heater
S
Thermocouple Air samplingRH/Temp probe
Static pressure port
TEOM
Activity sensorInstrument Shelter
Wind sensorSolar sensorS
Anemometer
Heated raceway
Exhaust fanCool cell
Gas heater
Thermocouple Air samplingRH/Temp probe
Static pressure port
TEOM
Activity sensorInstrument Shelter
Wind sensorSolar sensorS
Anemometer
Heated raceway
Exhaust fanCool cell
Gas heater
Cross section of the barns showing measurement locations.
Static pressure port
RH/Temp probe
TEOM
Activity sensor
Thermocouple
Air sampling
Wind sensor
Instrument shelter
Anemometer
Heated raceway
Solar sensorS
Exhaust fan
S
Barn 1
Barn 2
Barn 3
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Each room is 165 ft x 41 ft
Ventilation stage
Static pressure port
RH/Temp probe
TEOM
Activity sensor
Thermocouple
Air sampling
Wind sensor
Instrument shelter
Anemometer
Heated raceway
Solar sensorS
Exhaust fan
Static pressure port
RH/Temp probe
TEOM
Activity sensor
Thermocouple
Air sampling
Wind sensor
Instrument shelter
Anemometer
Heated raceway
Solar sensorS
Exhaust fan
SS
Barn 1
Barn 2
Barn 3
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Each room is 165 ft x 41 ft
Ventilation stage
North Carolina Swine Site (NC3B)
Barn top-view layout showing measurement locations.
North Carolina Swine Site(NC3B)
Static pressure port Thermocouple
RH/Temp probe Air sampling
TEOMActivity sensor Wind sensor
Instrument shelter
Anemometer
Solar sensorS Heated raceway
Exhaust fan
S
1 23 45
Ventilation stage
Barn 1 Barn 2
12 34 5
1 23 45
Barn 3Static pressure port Thermocouple
RH/Temp probe Air sampling
TEOMActivity sensor Wind sensorTEOMActivity sensor Wind sensor
Instrument shelter
Anemometer
Solar sensorS Heated raceway
Exhaust fan
SS
1 23 45
Ventilation stage
Barn 1 Barn 2
12 34 5
1 23 45
Barn 3
Cross section of the barns showing measurement locations.
Iowa Swine Site (IA4B)
S
Breeding/Gestation 1
Breeding/Gestation 2
Office
OFIS
N
1
1 2
2 3
4
3
1110
9
12
5
5 6
6
7
8
7
Static pressure port
RH/Temp probe
TEOM
Activity sensor
Thermocouple
Air sampling
Wind sensor
Instrument shelter
Anemometer
Heated raceway
Solar sensorS
Exhaust fan
Cool Cell
Pit fan
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
16
15Gas sampling location
group number
22 in emergency curtain running length
of building
S
Breeding/Gestation 1
Breeding/Gestation 2
Office
OFIS
N
1
1 2
2 3
4
3
1110
9
12
5
5 6
6
7
8
7
Static pressure port
RH/Temp probe
TEOM
Activity sensor
Thermocouple
Air sampling
Wind sensor
Instrument shelter
Anemometer
Heated raceway
Solar sensorS
Exhaust fan
Cool Cell
Pit fan
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
16
15
S
Breeding/Gestation 1
Breeding/Gestation 2
Office
OFIS
NN
1
1 2
2 3
4
3
1110
91110
9
12
5
5 6
6
7
8
7
Static pressure port
RH/Temp probe
TEOM
Activity sensor
Thermocouple
Air sampling
Wind sensor
Instrument shelter
Anemometer
Heated raceway
Solar sensorS
Exhaust fan
Cool Cell
Pit fan
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
16
15
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
16
15Gas sampling location
group number
22 in emergency curtain running length
of building
Barn top-view layout showing measurement locations.
Iowa Swine Site(IA4B)
Breeding/Gestation 2
Breeding/Gestation 1 S
Farrowing(Single Room)
151 ft 197 ft
Note – Pit & wall fans on rear wall
Static pressure port
RH/Temp probe
TEOMActivity sensor
Thermocouple
Air sampling
Wind sensor
Instrument shelter
Anemometer
Heated raceway Solar sensorS
Exhaust fan
Cool Cell
Pit fan
Breeding/Gestation 2
Breeding/Gestation 1 SS
Farrowing(Single Room)
151 ft 197 ft
Note – Pit & wall fans on rear wall
Static pressure port
RH/Temp probe
TEOMActivity sensor
Thermocouple
Air sampling
Wind sensor
Instrument shelter
Anemometer
Heated raceway Solar sensorS
Exhaust fan
Cool Cell
Pit fan
Cross section of the barns showing measurement locations.
S
1
1
1
1
1
1
23 545
23 4 55
23 545545 3
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 1
2 2
3 3
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 5 47 8 8 7 566
4 5 47 8 8 7 566
Pit Fan
Static pressure port
RH/Temp probe
TEOM
Activity sensor
Thermocouple
Air sampling
TEOM outdoor enclosure
Anemometer
Solar sensorS
Exhaust fan
Wind sensor
Fan number
Room 7 Room 8
Room 5Room 6
OFIS
Each room is 200 ft x 42 ft.
Ventilation stage
Loadout
Heater
N
S
1
1
1
1
1
1
23 545
23 4 55
23 545545 3
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 1
2 2
3 3
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 5 47 8 8 7 566
4 5 47 8 8 7 566
Pit Fan
Static pressure port
RH/Temp probe
TEOM
Activity sensor
Thermocouple
Air sampling
TEOM outdoor enclosure
Anemometer
Solar sensorS
Exhaust fan
Wind sensor
Fan number
Room 7 Room 8
Room 5Room 6
OFIS
Each room is 200 ft x 42 ft.
Ventilation stage
Loadout
Heater
N
Indiana Swine Site(IN3B)
Barn top-view layout showing measurement locations.
Oklahoma Swine Site(OK4B)
S
Pit Fan
Static pressure port
RH/Temp probe
TEOM
Activity sensor
Thermocouple
Air sampling
AnemometerSolar sensorS
Exhaust fan
Wind sensor
TEOM outdoor enclosure
Heater
Cross section of a barn showing measurement locations.
Oklahoma Swine Site(OK4B)
Farrowing barn
Breeding / Gestation barn #1S
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
1 2
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
Breeding / Gestation barn #2
N
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 16151413121110
Room number
1
2 3
4
5
6 7
8
9
10
11
12
Cool cellActivity sensor
Static pressure port Thermocouple Solar sensorS Instrument shelter
Exhaust fanRH/Temp probe Air sampling Anemometer
TEOM Wind sensor Heated raceway Air Inlet
Farrowing barn
Breeding / Gestation barn #1S
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 21 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
1 2
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 21 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
Breeding / Gestation barn #2
N
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 16151413121110
Room number
1
2 3
4
5
6 7
8
9
10
11
12
Cool cellActivity sensor
Static pressure port Thermocouple Solar sensorS Instrument shelter
Exhaust fanRH/Temp probe Air sampling Anemometer
TEOM Wind sensor Heated raceway Air Inlet
Barn top-view layout showing measurement locations.
Oklahoma Swine Site(OK4B)
2
1
6345
1
2
5436
N
1 2
345
2
6
7891011
1213
Ventilation stage
East half of gestation barn
Fan number
S
FarrowingGestation barn 1
N
Gestation barn 2
Cool cellActivity sensor
Static pressure port Thermocouple Solar sensorS Instrument shelter
Exhaust fanRH/Temp probe Air sampling Anemometer
TEOM Wind sensor Heated raceway Air Inlet
S
FarrowingGestation barn 1
N
Gestation barn 2
Cool cellActivity sensor
Static pressure port Thermocouple Solar sensorS Instrument shelter
Exhaust fanRH/Temp probe Air sampling Anemometer
TEOM Wind sensor Heated raceway Air Inlet
Site monitoring plan for continuous air emission testing.
What Comes After NAEMS?NAEMS Pollutants?
Ammonia as precursor to PM2.5?Hydrogen sulfide: property line limits?TSP: no longer regulated by states?
Add-on studiesGreenhouse gas mitigation testsOdor mitigation studiesAtmospheric dispersion studiesEmission models
Check out www.AgAirQuality.com
Add-on Studies
PI Topic/Sponsor Site(s) Jacobson Odor emissions (USDA NRI) IA&OK4B,
IN&WI5B
Mitloehner VOCs @ GHGs (CA Dept. of Food, Ag. & Dairy) CA5B
Lim Downwind Dairy Odor Survey (Purdue Ag) IN5B
Ni Air emissions (USDA-NRI) IN2B
Koziel GHG (ISU) IA4B
Summary of NAEMS ProgressSubcontracts established with 7 universitiesEquipment acquisition nearly complete.Training of all personnel last week.Site setup period has begun.Data gathering begins after setup.NAEMS web site.
www.AgAirQuality.com
Data Scalability
Are the impacts of a single 4000-hd unit the same as the combined impacts of 8 500-hd units?
Yes, if all major factors are similar.Manure volume, surface area per animal.Animal-specific floor area
No, if the animal-specific parameters change with size.
NAEMS will not determine these impacts.
Model Properties
What model parameters will result from this study?
We will characterize sites for validation of models.See tables shown previously.
Parameter Definitions
What are the specific parameter definitions of each monitored site?
See tables of site descriptions.
PM and H2S MeasurementsSite Species PM2.5, PM10, TSP H2S
CA1B Broilers TEOM TFS 450iNY5B Dairy TEOM TFS 450iWA5B Dairy TEOM TFS 450iWI5B Dairy TEOM TFS 450iCA5B Dairy TEOM TFS 450iIN5B Dairy TEOM TFS 450iCA2B Layers TEOM TFS 450iIN2B Layers TEOM TFS 450iNC2B Layers TEOM TFS 450iIN2H Layers TEOM TEI 45CNC3B Swine TEOM TFS 450iNC4B Swine TEOM TFS 450iOK4B Swine TEOM TFS 450iIN3B Swine TEOM TFS 450iIA4B Swine TEOM TFS 450i
NH3 and VOC MeasurementsSite Species 1 2 3 4 5 NMHC VOC
CA1B Broilers NH3 CO2 THC CH4 Eth ICNY5B Dairy NH3 CO2 None None NoneWA5B Dairy NH3 CO2 None None NoneWI5B Dairy NH3 CO2 None None NoneCA5B Dairy NH3 Meth THC CH4 Eth 55CIN5B Dairy NH3 CO2 THC CH4 Eth ICCA2B Layers NH3 CO2 N2O CH4 EthgIN2B Layers NH3 CO2 None None NoneNC2B Layers NH3 CO2 None None NoneIN2H Layers NH3 CO2 THC CH4 Eth ICNC3B Swine NH3 CO2 None None NoneNC4B Swine NH3 CO2 None None NoneOK4B Swine NH3 CO2 None None NoneIA4B Swine NH3 CO2 THC CH4 N2OIN3B Swine NH3 Meth THC CH4 Eth 55C IC
PM OversamplingDoes the sampling methodology and analysis of results include measures to address sampler bias?
No, but we acknowledge the difference between regulated PM10 and true PM10.
Will corrections be applied to field measurements?Not unless EPA requires it.
Will TSP measurements be taken in conjunction with particle size distributions as a point of comparison with PM10 and PM2.5 measurements?
No. However, an AARC-approved add-on study has been proposed that will do this for poultry PM.
If not, what method(s) will be used to ensure measurement of “true” PM?
Since EPA regulates based on response of a particular method or instrument rather than “true” PM10 or PM2.5, EPA did not require the assessment of “true” PM for the consent agreement.
PM Related QuestionsWill the measurement timeframe and method for PM2.5 adequately represent the PM2.5 concentrations for subsequent inclusion in a dispersion model?
PM2.5 will only be measured for a total of 4 weeks. PM2.5 of layer PM is about 10% of PM10.
Which models will be used and evaluated for accuracy in the study?
Evaluating models is beyond the scope of the study itself.Add-on proposals are expected.
Figure 8. One minute means of TSP, PM10, and PM2.5 concentrations in a laying hen house, June 4, 2002.
0
400
800
1200
1600
2000
2400
2800
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 0Time of Day (hr)
Con
cent
ratio
n (
g/m
3 ) TSP
PM10
PM2.5
Fate and Transport
What is the fate and transport of any of the pollutants measured? Producers need to know also what is leaving the property and in what quantities.
The NAEMS will not measure downwind concentrations or pollutant dispersion.
Conservation Practices
Will conservation management practices be evaluated as part of the study to determine the efficiency of various practices for each pollutant?
No. This is beyond the scope of the study.