Agenda 3-26-13 Talk about yesterday Answer any questions about project Notes over French Revolution Writing the red down Go over Chapter 11 Test.

Agenda 3-26-13Agenda 3-26-13

Talk about yesterdayTalk about yesterday Answer any questions about projectAnswer any questions about project Notes over French RevolutionNotes over French Revolution

Writing the red downWriting the red down

Go over Chapter 11 TestGo over Chapter 11 Test Time to work on timeline project and Time to work on timeline project and

yesterdays assignmentyesterdays assignment

Bell WorkBell Work

What is a revolution?What is a revolution? Why do people start revolutions?Why do people start revolutions?

Learning GoalLearning Goal

Students will be able to explain the events Students will be able to explain the events that sparked the French Revolution.that sparked the French Revolution.

Students will be able to explain some of Students will be able to explain some of the arguments for a representative the arguments for a representative government.government.

The French RevolutionThe French Revolution-Key Concepts--Key Concepts-

1.1. What is liberty?What is liberty?2.2. Define equalityDefine equality3.3. What was the dual revolution?What was the dual revolution?4.4. What is aristocracy?What is aristocracy?5.5. Name the 3 estates and their role in society.Name the 3 estates and their role in society.6.6. What was the Storming of Bastille?What was the Storming of Bastille?7.7. What was the Declaration of Rights of Man?What was the Declaration of Rights of Man?8.8. What is Radicalism or extremism?What is Radicalism or extremism?9.9. Why was Maximilien’s reign called the Reign of Why was Maximilien’s reign called the Reign of

Terror?Terror?10.10.What was the directory?What was the directory?11.11.How did Napoleon gain power and rule France?How did Napoleon gain power and rule France?12.12.Explain Napoleon’s greatest accomplishment.Explain Napoleon’s greatest accomplishment.

LibertyLiberty The notion of individual The notion of individual

human rightshuman rights A new type of government A new type of government

in which the people are in which the people are sovereign sovereign (They have a (They have a Say)Say)

The importance of a The importance of a representative assemblyrepresentative assembly

The importance of a written The importance of a written constitutionconstitution

Freedom to accumulate Freedom to accumulate propertyproperty

EqualityEquality

Equality of rights and civil libertiesEquality of rights and civil liberties Equality before the lawEquality before the law No special privileges for the richNo special privileges for the rich Equality of opportunityEquality of opportunity ““Careers Open to Talent”Careers Open to Talent” Inherent tension between liberty and Inherent tension between liberty and

equalityequality

Roots of LiberalismRoots of Liberalism English Enlightenment English Enlightenment

FoundationFoundation Life, Liberty & PropertyLife, Liberty & Property Locke’s Notion of the Locke’s Notion of the

Rights of EnglishmenRights of Englishmen

““A Dual RevolutionA Dual Revolution”” The French Revolution was the inaugural The French Revolution was the inaugural

European revolutionEuropean revolution The French Revolution and the Industrial The French Revolution and the Industrial

Revolution together transformed the western Revolution together transformed the western worldworld

This “Dual Revolution” changed everything This “Dual Revolution” changed everything politically, socially and economicallypolitically, socially and economically

Triumph of European states and economies Triumph of European states and economies globallyglobally

The Modern Era was inaugurated by the Dual The Modern Era was inaugurated by the Dual RevolutionRevolution

““The Atlantic Revolution”The Atlantic Revolution”

French Revolution was a part of a whole French Revolution was a part of a whole series of revolutions which took place series of revolutions which took place during the late 18during the late 18thth century century--Political agitation in England, Ireland, --Political agitation in England, Ireland, Holland, Belgium, Switzerland, Italy, Holland, Belgium, Switzerland, Italy, Germany, Hungary, Poland and the Germany, Hungary, Poland and the American coloniesAmerican colonies

One big movement of revolutionary One big movement of revolutionary agitationagitation

British North AmericaBritish North America

““All Men are Created All Men are Created Equal”Equal”

The significance of The significance of the American the American constitutionconstitution

The influence of the The influence of the American RevolutionAmerican Revolution

The impact of the The impact of the American RevolutionAmerican Revolution

The French RevolutionThe French Revolution

More fundamental and profound More fundamental and profound consequences than the American consequences than the American RevolutionRevolution

France = most powerful and populous France = most powerful and populous state in Europestate in Europe

Massive social revolutionMassive social revolution Worldwide impactWorldwide impact Becomes model for future revolutionsBecomes model for future revolutions

OriginsOrigins

Began as a revolt for individual rightsBegan as a revolt for individual rights Aristocracy:Aristocracy: is a form of government, is a form of government, in in

which a few of the most prominent citizens which a few of the most prominent citizens rule. This may be a hereditary elite, or it rule. This may be a hereditary elite, or it may be by a systemmay be by a system

Aristocracy refused and forces the issueAristocracy refused and forces the issue

OriginsOrigins

Attempt to capitalize on Attempt to capitalize on the financial woes of the the financial woes of the monarchymonarchy

Only solution = tax Only solution = tax reform and a direct tax reform and a direct tax on all propertyon all property

Aristocracy refused and Aristocracy refused and forces the issueforces the issue

Estates-GeneralEstates-General

An old feudal assembly An old feudal assembly that had not met since that had not met since 16141614

Three Estates: 1 Clergy, 2 Three Estates: 1 Clergy, 2 Nobility, 3 CommonersNobility, 3 Commoners

The significance of the The significance of the voting procedurevoting procedure

The miscalculation and The miscalculation and lack of social awareness lack of social awareness of the aristocracyof the aristocracy

Three Estates Three Estates

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

LandOwnership

Taxation Population

ClergyNobilityCommoners

Third EstateThird Estate

Who were they?Who were they? Third Estate was Third Estate was

dominated by the middle dominated by the middle classclass

Bourgeoisie: Top of the Bourgeoisie: Top of the class. class. Lawyers, Merchants Lawyers, Merchants Doctors.Doctors.

Middle class = Big Middle class = Big WinnersWinners

Revolutionary goals of the Revolutionary goals of the middle classmiddle class

Agenda of Classical LiberalismAgenda of Classical Liberalism

Representative Representative government did not government did not mean democracy or mean democracy or “mob rule”“mob rule”

Estates-General Estates-General became the National became the National Assembly in June of Assembly in June of 1789 with the power 1789 with the power to frame a constitutionto frame a constitution----Tennis Court OathTennis Court Oath

AgendaAgenda

Look At the board To see the weeks Look At the board To see the weeks agenda!agenda!

WebsiteWebsite www.websterhistory.weebly.com

“ “Revolutionaries in the StreetsRevolutionaries in the Streets””

Who were they?Who were they? ““Sans-culottes” Sans-culottes”

(without knee (without knee britches)britches)

Picked up the ideas Picked up the ideas and slogans of the and slogans of the RevolutionRevolution from the from the more educated more educated leadership of lawyers leadership of lawyers and journalistsand journalists

What were the Motivations of these What were the Motivations of these Revolutionaries?Revolutionaries?

Poverty and HungerPoverty and Hunger Low wages and fear of Low wages and fear of

unemploymentunemployment Heightened expectations and Heightened expectations and

the exposure to a political the exposure to a political perspectiveperspective

-- “Cahiers”-- “Cahiers” Strong dislike for and distrust Strong dislike for and distrust

of the wealthyof the wealthy The role of conspiracyThe role of conspiracy

Storming the BastilleStorming the Bastille

Events of the night of July Events of the night of July 13, 178913, 1789

Reasons for the attack on Reasons for the attack on the Bastille the next the Bastille the next morningmorning

The stubbornness of the The stubbornness of the governor of the fortressgovernor of the fortress

Celebrations on the night Celebrations on the night of July 14of July 14thth

Sparks tremendous Sparks tremendous popular revolution all over popular revolution all over FranceFrance

““The Great FearThe Great Fear”” Independent Independent

revolutionary agitation in revolutionary agitation in the countrysidethe countryside

Rumors of Royalist troops Rumors of Royalist troops becoming wandering becoming wandering vandalsvandals

Fear breeds fear and Fear breeds fear and peasants start marchingpeasants start marching

Within 3 weeks of July Within 3 weeks of July 14, the countryside of 14, the countryside of France had been France had been completely changedcompletely changed

Abolition of the NobilityAbolition of the Nobility

Declaration of the Rights of Man Declaration of the Rights of Man ——August 27, 1789August 27, 1789

The Court Returns to ParisThe Court Returns to Paris

Mounting unemployment Mounting unemployment and hunger and hunger in Paris in the in Paris in the fall of 1789fall of 1789

““October Days”October Days”

-- “-- “The point is that we The point is that we want bread!”want bread!”

Women nearly killed the Women nearly killed the Queen Marie AntoinetteQueen Marie Antoinette

The Royal Family returns The Royal Family returns to Paris on October 6, to Paris on October 6, 17891789

The Consolidation of the Liberal The Consolidation of the Liberal RevolutionRevolution

Events from October, 1789 through Events from October, 1789 through September, 1791September, 1791

Constitutional Monarchy establishedConstitutional Monarchy established Economic centralizationEconomic centralization Universal Manhood Suffrage.Universal Manhood Suffrage.

Every adult could voteEvery adult could vote

Popular Political MobilizationPopular Political Mobilization

Revolutionary TalkRevolutionary Talk

----More than 500 new More than 500 new newspapersnewspapers

--Oath of Loyalty--Oath of Loyalty

-- “Liberte, Equalite, -- “Liberte, Equalite, Fraternite!”Fraternite!”

Revolutionary SymbolsRevolutionary Symbols Revolutionary ClubsRevolutionary Clubs

--The Jacobins--The Jacobins

Growing RadicalismGrowing Radicalism

Reasons:Reasons:

--Snowball Effect--Snowball Effect

--Unsatisfied --Unsatisfied ExpectationsExpectations

--Outbreak of War--Outbreak of War Results:Results:

--Increasing Violence--Increasing Violence

--Change in Political --Change in Political LeadershipLeadership

Effects of the French RevolutionEffects of the French Revolution

Both the King and Both the King and Queen were Queen were beheadedbeheaded

French monarchy French monarchy no moreno more

Maximilien Robespierre’s Reign of Maximilien Robespierre’s Reign of TerrorTerror

The Committee of The Committee of Public SafetyPublic Safety

The Concept of “Total The Concept of “Total War”War”

Maximum price Maximum price ceilings on certain ceilings on certain goodsgoods

Nationalization of Nationalization of Small WorkshopsSmall Workshops

Reign of Terror Reign of Terror

Execution of 40,000 “Enemies Execution of 40,000 “Enemies of the Nation”of the Nation”

Stress on radical definition of Stress on radical definition of equalityequality

Wanted a legal maximum on Wanted a legal maximum on personal wealthpersonal wealth

Wanted a regulation of Wanted a regulation of commercial profitscommercial profits

End of Robespierre’s End of Robespierre’s dictatorship dictatorship on July 28, 1794on July 28, 1794

Directory Directory The Directory The Directory (1794-(1794-

1799) 1799) Weak 5 directorsWeak 5 directors ArguedArgued CorruptCorrupt Lead to a military Lead to a military

dictatorshipdictatorship Napoleon Bonaparte Napoleon Bonaparte

Napoleon BonaparteNapoleon Bonaparte

Napoleon’s Rise to PowerNapoleon’s Rise to Power Short man, but a strong Short man, but a strong

personality. personality. New tactics used on the New tactics used on the

battlefield.battlefield. Placement of troopsPlacement of troops

Treatment of TroopsTreatment of Troops They were housed in better They were housed in better

facilities facilities More food & Money More food & Money Better treatmentBetter treatment

Napoleon’s Rise to PowerNapoleon’s Rise to Power

Became a loved hero!Became a loved hero! Belief that he could win wars against Belief that he could win wars against

anyone.anyone. Government was weak-Government was weak- ““I found the crown of France laying on the I found the crown of France laying on the

ground, and I picked it up with my sword”ground, and I picked it up with my sword”

ConsulateConsulate

Napoleon- dictator unlimited powerNapoleon- dictator unlimited power Controlled militaryControlled military Placement of officialsPlacement of officials

Created the Created the PlebiscitePlebiscite Vote yes or noVote yes or no Voters approves constitutionVoters approves constitution

Major AccomplishmentsMajor Accomplishments

Napoleonic CodeNapoleonic Code Establishment of the Bank of FranceEstablishment of the Bank of France Created schools Created schools

Reconciliation with the Catholic ChurchReconciliation with the Catholic Church Concordat Concordat of 1801of 1801

Reunited France and the Roman Catholic Reunited France and the Roman Catholic ChurchChurch

Freedom of religionFreedom of religion

Napoleon's defeatsNapoleon's defeats

Russia- he would try to defeat Russia Russia- he would try to defeat Russia Long brutal war lost 2/3 of his 600,000 troopsLong brutal war lost 2/3 of his 600,000 troops

Further military defeats would lead to him Further military defeats would lead to him giving up the throne and being granted giving up the throne and being granted freedom and the ability to live on Elba freedom and the ability to live on Elba Island by Italy.Island by Italy.

Louis XVI brother Louis XVIII would take Louis XVI brother Louis XVIII would take over.over.

AgendaAgenda

Bell WorkBell Work Finish Notes French RevolutionFinish Notes French Revolution Go over French Revolution Notes PacketGo over French Revolution Notes Packet Start French Revolution Newspaper Start French Revolution Newspaper

ProjectProject

Bell WorkBell Work

MME 173-174 Napoleon Forges an MME 173-174 Napoleon Forges an EmpireEmpire1.1. What happened to Maximilien Robespierre? What happened to Maximilien Robespierre?

2.2. How did Napoleon describe his take over of How did Napoleon describe his take over of France?France?

3.3. Why was Napoleon defeated in Russia?Why was Napoleon defeated in Russia?

Hundred DaysHundred Days

Napoleon would gain strength and attack Napoleon would gain strength and attack Louis XVII.Louis XVII.

Gained control Gained control All European countries would mount an All European countries would mount an

attack against him.attack against him. Steps down and is held on St. Helena Steps down and is held on St. Helena

where he would eventually die.where he would eventually die.

Legacies of the French RevolutionLegacies of the French Revolution

Revolutionary modelRevolutionary model Mass political Mass political

consciousnessconsciousness Varying interpretations of Varying interpretations of

the Revolutionthe Revolution--Conservative View: --Conservative View: Edmund BurkeEdmund Burke--Liberal View: Thomas --Liberal View: Thomas JeffersonJefferson

Conflict within the Liberal Conflict within the Liberal TraditionTradition