Adventure in Energy

8/14/2019 Adventure in Energy

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History of Science Course

Prof. Mika Sillanp

ADVENTURE IN ENERGY

presented byThuy Duong PhamMikkeli, 17.07.2008


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ADVENTURE IN ENERGY

I. A Brief History of Energy

II. Energy Issues of Contemporary Age

III. Towards a Sustainable EnergyFuture


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I. A Brief History of Energy


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Our first energy sources


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1880: Coal powered a steamengine attached to the worlds

1st electric generator.

Coal powered-steam engineprovided a landmark in industrial

development in Europe.

1885 -1950: The Golden Age of Coal

Coal


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Hydropower

1882: The first hydroelectric station opened in Wisconsin.


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Petroleum oil

1859: Edwin Drake first drilled for oil in U.S.

Kerosene used for lighting had been the main oil product.

1890: Mass production of automobiles began, creating

demand for gasoline.

1951-present: Oil has given us most of our energy.


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Nuclear power (fission)

1942: Scientists produced nuclear energy in a sustained

nuclear reaction.

1957: The first commercial nuclear power plant began

operating.


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II. Energy Issues of Our Age


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Energy consumption per capita through history

(unit: kcal/day)

Source link: http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/jwh/14.4/images/christian_fig01a.gif


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World primary energy use, by energy sources (2007)

Source link: http://www.interacademycouncil.net/Object.File/Master/12/027/LTW1-3.jpg


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:

Source link: http://www.urbanoptions.org/RenewableEnergy/FossilFuelsAShortBlip.htm
http://www.urbanoptions.org/RenewableEnergy/FossilFuelsAShortBlip.htmhttp://www.urbanoptions.org/RenewableEnergy/FossilFuelsAShortBlip.htm


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Coal formation

Fossil fuels

formation


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Current Energy Issues

Fossil fuelrelated issues: Resource depletion Environmental pollution Climate change

Acid rain

Nuclear powerrelated issues: Safety of operation

Plant decommisioning cost Radioactive wastes disposal Thermal pollution Threat of nuclear weapons


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Something to think about

Is there still any hope for future?

How can we make a transition to a more

sustainable energy future?


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II. Towards a Sustainable Energy Future

Reducing energy waste (conservation)

Improving energy efficiency

Using renewable energy

Shifting from large, centralized macropower systems tosmaller, decentralized micropower systems.

* Hydrogen - fuelcell, fusion, Earth resonance?


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Reducing energy waste

Four widely used devices waste large amounts of energy:

Incandescent light bulb: 95% is lost as heat.

Internal combustion engine: 94% of the energy in its fuelis wasted.

Nuclear power plant: 92% of energy is wasted through

nuclear fuel and energy needed for waste management.

Coal-burning power plant: 66% of the energy released

by burning coal is lost.

(G. Tyler Miller Jr., 2007)


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Improving energy efficiency

Benefits:

Prolongs fossil fuel supplies

Low cost

Reduces pollution and environmental degradation

Buys time to phase in renewable energy


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Saving energy and improving energy efficiency

Producing both heat and electricity from one energy

source (industry)

Using more energy-efficient electric motors and lighting.

Increasing fuel efficiency and making vehicles fromlighter and stronger materials (transportation).

Getting heat from the sun, superinsulating them, and

using plant covered green roofs.

Saving energy in existing buildings by insulating them,plugging leaks, and using energy-efficient heating and

cooling systems, appliances, and lighting.


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Using renewable energies

Solar power

Bioenergy Wind power

Hydropower

Geothermal energy


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Heating buildings and water with Solar energy

We can heat buildings by orienting them toward the sun (passive) or

by pumping a liquid such as water through rooftop collectors (active).


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Cooling house naturally

Roofs covered with plants, built from a blend of light-

weight compost, mulch and sponge-like materials that

hold water.

Taking advantages

of breezes.

Shading them.

Having light colored

or green roofs.


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Generating electricity with Solarcells


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Nanosolar powersheet

The new dawn of solar

Revolution solar energy:

One of the largest inhibitorsto cheap solar power hasalways been the high costof solar panels (due to theirthick glass, framing, andexpensive silicon).

San Jose-based Nanosolar,Inc. appears ready toeliminate these barriers withsolar technology that

utilizes thin sheets of non-silicon components thatreduce the production costsby over 90% and decreasesthe thickness by 99% (theNanosolar PowerSheets arethin enough to be rolled up).

Innovation of the year 2007Link: http://www.nanosolar.com


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Nanosolar is on track to make solar electricity:

cost-efficient for ubiquitous deployment

mass-produced on a global scale

available in many versatile forms.


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Generating electricity from Wind

Wind power is a promising energy resourcebecause it is abundant, inexhaustible, widelydistributed, cheap, clean, and emits no greenhousegases.

Much of the worlds potential for wind powerremains untapped.

Capturing only 20% of the wind energy at theworlds best energy sites could meet all the worldsenergy demands.


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Generating electrictity from Wind

Wind turbines can be used individually to produce electricity.They are also used interconnected in arrays on wind farms.


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Producing energy from biomass

Plant materials and animalwastes can be burned toprovide heat or electricity orconverted into gaseous orliquid biofuels.

The major advantages ofbiofuels are:

Crops used for productioncan be grown almostanywhere.

There is no net increase inCO2 emissions.

Widely available and easyto store and transport.


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Make fuel from wastes

Transform landfill methane,animal manure, or strawand other agriculturalwastes into fuel.

These produce energywithout competing with foodproduction.

Methane capture reduces

emissions of a greenhousegas 25 times more potentthan CO2.

Waste recycling/incineration plant

at Cergy Pontoise, near Paris, FranceSourceLink:

http://europa.eu.int/comm/energy_transport/atlas/htmlu/munwaste.html


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Biogas production from wastes

Source link: http://www.makinemekanik.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/09/biogas-cycle.JPG


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Hydropower

Source link: http://hydropower.inel.gov/hydrofacts/hydropower-facilities.shtml

Microhydropower


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Geothermal energy

Geothermal energy consists of heat stored in soil, underground

rocks, and fluids in the earths mantle.

We can use geothermal energy to produce electricity.


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Source: Micropower-The Next Electrica Era

Worldwatch, 2000


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Source link:

http://www.aacg.bham.ac.uk/images/hydrogen/H_from_renewables.JPG

Hydrogen from Renewable Sources


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Hydrogen and fuelcell

Fuel-efficient vehicles

powered by a fuel cell that

runs on hydrogen gas are

being developed.

Combines hydrogen gas

(H2) and oxygen gas (O2)

fuel to produce electricity

and water vapor

(2H2+O2

2H2O).

Emits no air pollution or CO2if the hydrogen is produced

from renewable-energy

sources.


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Nuclear Fusion

A possible sourceof energy in thedistant future:

clean andabundant.

Fusion couldbecome the

dominant sourceof electricity onEarth in a centuryor so.

Source link: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/6165932.stm


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JET and ITER

JET (Joint European Torus )The star of Europe that can

produce plasma.http://www.jet.efda.org

ITER

The International Thermonuclear

Experimental Reactor projecthttp://www.iter.org


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Cold electricity Teslas lost dream

Earth Resonance Technology

Free energy for people

Link: http://fuel-efficient-vehicles.org/tesla-flying-machine/Tesla-biography-Nikola.php


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What can we do, individually?

Buy the most energy-efficient homes,lights, cars, and appliances available.

Look for electronics that arerechargeable.

Turn off lights, TV sets, computers, andother electronic equipment when they arenot in use.

Walk or ride a bicycle for short trips, or

take public transportation for longer ones. Use natural cooling (shading tree,

opening window)

Effi i it (UK)


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Efficiencity (UK)

Link: http://www.greenpeace.org.uk/files/efficiencity/index.html
http://www.greenpeace.org.uk/files/efficiencity/index.htmlhttp://www.greenpeace.org.uk/files/efficiencity/index.htmlhttp://www.greenpeace.org.uk/files/efficiencity/index.html


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The RuralZED Zero Emission Home

Link: http://www.ruralzed.com/


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MASDAR

City of the future

Zero-carbon

Zero-waste

Sustainable transport

Local, sustainable materials Sustainable food, water

Habitat and wildlife

Equitty and fair trade

Health and happiness

Culture and heritage

Video link: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yWVsi0UtmgI


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Thank you for your attention!

Together, we build!


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References

Energy Information Administrationhttp://www.eia.doe.gov/

MAST Workshop, Energy http://matse1.mse.uiuc.edu/~tw/energy/energy.html A short history of energy

http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/fossil_fuels/a-short-history-of-energy.html The Olduvai Theory: Sliding Towards a Post-Industrial Stone Age

http://dieoff.org/page125.htm

The Olduvai theory and catastrophic consequenceshttp://www.energybulletin.net/node/45518 G. Tyler Miller Jr. Sustaining the Earth: An Integrated Approach, 2007 Sustainable Energy Options: http://eeru.open.ac.uk/natta/energy.html#7 Micropower-The Next Electrica Era Worldwatch, 2000 Nanosolar: http://www.nanosolar.com/ Hydrogen from renewablesources

http://www.aacg.bham.ac.uk/images/hydrogen Horizon fuelcell: http://www.horizonfuelcell.com/ ITER http://www.iter.org/ RuralZED: http://www.ruralzed.com/ Efficiencity: http://www.greenpeace.org.uk/files/efficiencity/index.html Masdar Green Utopia in the desert

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yWVsi0UtmgI
http://www.eia.doe.gov/http://matse1.mse.uiuc.edu/~tw/energy/energy.htmlhttp://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/fossil_fuels/a-short-history-of-energy.htmlhttp://dieoff.org/page125.htmhttp://www.energybulletin.net/node/45518http://eeru.open.ac.uk/natta/energy.html#Petroleum%20oilhttp://www.nanosolar.com/http://www.aacg.bham.ac.uk/images/hydrogenhttp://www.horizonfuelcell.com/http://www.iter.org/http://www.ruralzed.com/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yWVsi0UtmgIhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yWVsi0UtmgIhttp://www.ruralzed.com/http://www.ruralzed.com/http://www.ruralzed.com/http://www.iter.org/http://www.horizonfuelcell.com/http://www.aacg.bham.ac.uk/images/hydrogenhttp://www.nanosolar.com/http://eeru.open.ac.uk/natta/energy.html#Petroleum%20oilhttp://www.energybulletin.net/node/45518http://dieoff.org/page125.htmhttp://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/fossil_fuels/a-short-history-of-energy.htmlhttp://matse1.mse.uiuc.edu/~tw/energy/energy.htmlhttp://www.eia.doe.gov/http://www.eia.doe.gov/http://www.eia.doe.gov/

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