Addressing Asian Energy and Environmental Issues… Irandoust_Presentation.pdf · Addressing Asian Energy and Environmental Issues: ... plan with the help of policy research ... Vietnamese

Prof. Said IrandoustPresident, Asian Institute of Technology

Addressing Asian Energy and Environmental Issues:

Role of Regional Cooperation

3rd Asian Science and Technology ForumTokyo, Japan

5 October 2007

First year (1st ASTF): Discussed directions and issues, mainly relating to the environment, to establish shared awareness.

Second year (2nd ASTF): Discussed directions and issues, mainly relating to energyto establish shared awareness

Third year (3rd ASTF, this year): Cooperative Research Framework for the Environment and Energy Issues in Asia

Based on the discussion of the first and second years, a framework and specific measures for resolving the issues will be discussed and formulated.

BACKGROUND

To propose R&D cooperation mechanisms to the development of a sound scientific basis for policy- and decision-making.

To build an active Asian Multilateral R&D cooperation mechanism that can provide a world class knowledge in Energy and Environment issues

Specifically:

Highlighting some of the major research activities carried out at AIT on energy and environment, and sharing our experiences on bilateral and multilateral research cooperation, and

Presenting the merits of R&D cooperation in terms of win-win relationships.

OBJECTIVE

Why Regional Research and Networking?

Energy use in Asia

Greenhouse gas emissions from Asia

AIT’s Regional Research in Energy and Environment

Impacts of Regional Collaboration

Summary

PRESENTATION OUTLINE

REGIONAL RESEARCH AND NETWORKS

Issues are regional/global in nature: climate change, energy security, environmental degradation, migration, natural resource degradationActivities carried out at location A causes impacts at B and C.RR and N assures efficient use of resources and expertiseCompare and learn from others (energy use and pollution in similar sectors from different countries)

The energy-environment problems cannot be solved by individual countries inisolation and there is a need for institutions in the region to work together.

Regional primary energy consumption pattern 2006

BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007

COAL

OIL

N GASNUCLEAR

HYDRO

7

World energy consumption and CO2 emissions

A 75% increase from 2003 in 2030. Increased consumption in developing countries (mainly in Asia)

Considering the current energy use trend, the Asian countries will need to address the following issues in the coming years:

• Reliance on coal – widely available but very polluting

• Energy Security – how not to rely on imported energy resources

• Accessibility and affordability – how to provide affordable and reliable energy supply to the population (which is growing, and is becoming more and more affluent)

• Rising price of fossil fuels – 3 fold increase during the last 2 years

Asia’s energy and environment status (1)

• Local pollution – air (mainly due to transportation and industrial emissions), wastewater (municipal, industrial and agriculture) and solid wastes (urban and industrial)

• Greenhouse gas emissions – due to fossil fuel (coal, oil and natural gas) burning for power, industry, commercial and transport sector

• Promotion of renewable energy – biomass, biofuel, solar and wind

Asia’s energy and environment status (2)

AIT’s Regional Research Experiences

Renewable Energy Technologies in Asia

Asian Regional Research on Energy, Environment and Climate

Asian Regional Research on Environmental Technologies

Urban Environmental Management Applications

Wetlands Alliance

RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES (RETs) IN ASIA

Issues regarding Renewable Energy Technologies (RETs) promotionSystems and accessories not available (locally); high costWeak R&D infrastructure and institutional capacityLow awareness on RETsPolicies not conducive for RETs

RETs selected: Biomass Briquetting, Renewable Energy based Drying, and Solar Photovoltaics

Scope of workIdentify RE resources and potential RETs in the selected countriesIdentify country specific issues to promote RETsCarry out adaptive research/activities to country specific needsDisseminate the research results among the stakeholders

Bangladesh, Cambodia, Lao PDR, Nepal, Philippines and Vietnam

Project objective: Promotion of mature/nearly mature RETs

1212

Country` Partner Institutions Type of organization

Grameen Shakti NGO

Centre for Mass Education in Science NGO

Bangladesh

Khulna University of Engineering and Technology University

Institute of Technology, Cambodia Educational & Res. InstCambodia

Ministry of Industry Mines and Energy Govt. Dept.

Lao PDR Science Technology and Environment Agency Govt. Dept.

Centre for Renewable Energy Private/NGO

Research Centre for Applied Science & Technology University res. center

Nepal

Royal Nepal Academy of Science and Technology Govt. Research Inst.

University of the Philippines, Diliman UniversityPhilippines

University of the Philippines Los Baños University

Institute of Energy Govt. Research Inst.Vietnam

Solar Laboratory Govt. Research Inst.

Project background… contd

Overall coordination and support: Asian Institute of Technology (AIT)

RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES (RETs) IN ASIA

The project sponsored by Sida during 1997 - 2005

Adaptive Research

Demonstration

Dissemination

Capacity Building

Low cost accessories/

systems developed

Availability of spare parts

Awareness increased

RETs demand created

Attracted entrepreneurs/

sponsor

Influenced policy development

Strengthened national research

capacity

Local technicians trained

RETs promoted

RETs in Asia: Project Summary

• Tax exemption

• Subsidy introduction

• Govt. target for RETs

Increase in RETs use (~ 8 times)

Local capacity to design,

install RETs systems

enhanced

Achievements Country status RETs in Asia output Activities • 19 types of PV accessories• 5 types of solar dryers• Improvements in existing briq.

Machines• 3 types of gasifier stoves• Life increase of briq screws

• 240 PV systems (~11 kWp)• PV micro utility: from 9 to 450• 11 briq. Machines, 75 stoves, 7

pre-heaters, 120 improved screws, 2 smoke remover

• 3 box dryers, 5 cabinet dryers, 2 hybrid dryers

• 98 articles, 13 books, 12 manuals• 50 workshops, 2 conferences, 4

exhibitions, CD ROM, websites, leaflets/ brochures

• 4 tech. transfer, 1,200 technicians trained, 2,500 users trained

• 16 special students, 2 res. fellows• 11 training/courses

• Decrease in imported items (~ 80%)

• Growth in RETs business (~ 5 times)

Website: http://www.retsasia.ait.ac.th/

OBJECTIVESARRPEEC was designed to make a contribution to mitigating the emerging problems through regional networking and collaborative research on energy-environment-climate change issues through assisting in the formulation of environmentally sustainable energy strategies.

Transport, power and industry sectors are the major sources of GHG emissions. Raising the share of renewable energy in different sectors is important for reducing national GHG emissions and dependence on volatile oil supply.

Asian Regional research programme on Energy, Environment and Climate (ARRPEEC)

The project sponsored by Sida during 1994 - 2005

ARRPEEC NETWORKAsian Institute of Technology, Thailand: Overall programme

co-ordination, regional synthesis/research and research leadership, coordination and management.

21 Institutions from:

• China• India• Indonesia• Philippines• Sri Lanka• Vietnam• Thailand

• Academic institutions (13)

• Government ministries (4)

• NGOs (2)

• Semi government organizations (2)

Publications of ARRPEEC findings as articles in journals/special issuesdissemination bookletsinternational conference papersbooks and CDs

National Dissemination Seminars Fellowships, capacity buildingNewslettersConference of Parties (COP) special events.

ARRPEEC OUTPUTS

Website: http://www.arrpeec.ait.ac.th/

SEA-UEMA Project (2003-2008)Southeast Asia Urban Environmental Management Applications Project (SEA-UEMA) is a partnership between the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) and the Asian Institute of Technology

GoalTo improve urban environmental conditions in SEA region.PurposeTo attain improved implementation and sharing of sound UEM policies and good practicesProject focusKey urban environmental sub-sectors, water and sanitation, Solid waste and air pollution with gender equality and environment as the two cross cutting themes.

SEA-UEMA Project Two prone approachUEM Graduate EducationUEM Applications and Networking

Thailand

Cambodia

Vietnam

Indonesia

Lao PDR

Philippines

Timor-Leste

Geographical Coverage

SOUTH EAST ASIA – URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT APPLICATIONS (SEA-UEMA)

SEA-UEMA NetworksSEA-UEMA Project Networking with 7 facilitating partner Institutions – research institutions, universities, NGO, Conduct action research with 20 research institutions, universities, Canadian organizations, NGOs, regional, national and local level organizations from Southeast Asian countries About133 researchers involved in conducting action research

Type of Network membersInstitutional network members & Individual network members

Role of NetworksIdentify the need and create integrated projectsAct as ‘partners’ in implementing UEM projects within SEAWork in synergy with other components of the Project Developing partnerships at various levels –advisory, facilitation and implementation Sharing of experiences and good practices across the region

Institution Category Number as of (March 07)

National Govt. Agencies 10

Local Govt. Units 34

Environmental Agencies

16

Dev/Policy Agencies 11

Academic Institutions 21

NGOs 25

Women organizations 9

Others 10

Categories of Institutional Network Members

SEA-UEMA

The Wetlands Alliance

Building local capacity for sustainable wetlands managementfocusing on:

The importance of aquatic resources

Local management capacity and mitigation

Institutional policy change

W et l a n d s Al l ia n c et h e W et l a n d s Al l ia n c et h e

bu i l d in g l o c a l c a pa c i t y f o r s u s t a in a b l e w et l a n d s m a n a g em en t

PARTNERS

The project sponsored by Sida, 2006 -

Brings together strengths of four institutions in:

education

training

research

conservation

developmentfocusing on wetlands in the Mekong region

W et l a n d s Al l i a n c et h e W et l a n d s Al l i a n c et h e

bu i l d in g l o c a l c a pa c i t y f o r s u s t a in a b l e w et l a n d s m a n a g em en t

Phu Quoc/Kien Giang

Quang Nam

Nam Dinh

Northeast Thailand

Stung Treng/Kratie

Kampot/Kep

Vientiane

Southern Laos

Pak PhanangKrabi

The Wetlands Alliance

Strengthening of research capacities of the participating institutions by

training, workshops and fellowships (Eg. to identify/assess GHG mitigation options)formulating and starting Master’s programme on Energy (eg. PSG in India, University of Moratuwa in Sri Lanka).Grameen Shakthi in Bangladesh established laboratory and collaborated with local University to develop and test various devices and established in-house manufacturing unit of PV systems. This helped to reduce the costs of systems.The University of Philippines designed and installed biomass dryer in a village cooperative to dry pineapple and this helped the villagers to earn additional income

IMPACTS OF REGIONAL RESEARCH COOPERATION

Contribution to the policy making processThe ARRPEEC participating members are involved with evaluation of CDM projects as members of the national committee on CDM (Eg. in Sri Lanka and in India).The results of the programme are reported to have been directly useful in the national communication to UNFCCC (Ex. Sri Lanka).Many participating institutions are directly involved in some policy drafting and formulation of national action plan with the help of policy research carried out by ARRPEEC (Eg. China). In the Philippines, the biomass NRI contributed to the on-going programs of the government related to energy use and environmental protection. This came up as a result of the studies on Biomass project of ARRPEEC and the participation of the NRI.Tax exempted on imported solar modules in Bangladesh

IMPACTS OF REGIONAL RESEARCH COOPERATION

Enhancement of technical backup (GHG mitigation)One Indian tea factory reduced 120 tons of CO2 emission per year by improving energy efficiency in air heater cum drier.A soft flow dyeing in textile sector in India saved 43,650 kWh/year of electrical energy and 9,845 m3/year of water. A low cost wastewater treatment technique in Sri Lanka for treating highly organic wastewater produced in Desiccated coconut mills.A dome type brick kiln introduced in Sri Lanka for coconut shellcarbonization has reduced the environmental burden.

Enhancement of technical backup (PV based electrification)A micro utility concept developed installed 10 systems in Bangladesh. Later, it was expanded to more than 300 systems.Charge controllers developed in Cambodia. About 100 units of this design have been used with the solar street lights installed in a bridge in a project funded by the Government of Cambodia. Battery charging facility provides electricity to the community center and operates a radio telephone in Vietnam. 40 users are having grid quality light in the remote island. Battery charging and cultural activities in the center are generating revenue. Telephone is helping to communicate with the market.

IMPACTS OF REGIONAL RESEARCH COOPERATION

Technology Transfer (south-south) – RETs in Asia project

Design details of improved stoves and pre-heater developed at AIT transferred to other countriesCharge controller design - Bangladeshi and Nepal institutions shared knowledge and expertise.Vietnamese institution improved the life time of the briquette screw with knowledge gained from Bangladesh.The concept of White LED lamp from Nepal was implemented in Bangladesh

IMPACTS OF REGIONAL RESEARCH COOPERATION

Charge controllersBriquetting machine Briquettes sold in market

Energy use in Asia is increasing and there is heavy reliance on fossil fuelsGreenhouse gas emissions from Asia will correspondingly increase. Other environmental problems include air pollution, water quality and solid wastesThese issues are cross cutting (national) in nature.Regional Research and Networking will be vital to address these issues.AIT has been involved in recent years in many such regional research in energy and environment

Renewable Energy Technologies in AsiaAsian Regional Research on Energy, Environment and ClimateAsian Regional Research on Environmental TechnologiesUrban Environmental Management ApplicationsWetlands Alliance

The impacts of such a collaborative venture have been highlighted.

SUMMARY

REGIONAL RESEARCH COOPERATION

Micro utility in Bangladesh Bridge lighting in Cambodia Battery Charging Station in Vietnam