ADB,GWP and Water Security presented by Dr. Thomas Panella at GWP Network Meeting and Consulting Partners Meeting 2010

Dr. Thomas Panella Principal Water Resources Management SpecialistAsian Development Bank, Southeast Asia Regional DepartmentIndonesia Resident Mission

GWP Network Meeting and Consulting Partners Meeting Radisson BLU Arlandia Hotel, Stockholm Sweden

4 September 2010

ADB, GWP and Water Security

ADB’s Modalities to Address Water Security

Convening Power and Regional Dialogue:Asian Water Development Outlook 2010, Asia-Pacific Water Forum and Summits – Steering Group on Water and Climate Change, Greater Mekong Subgroup, Regional Knowledge Hubs, Network of Asian River Basin Organizations, special conference, etc.

Grant Technical Assistance – Regional and Country Focused:For capacity and institutional development, policy and advisory services, technical and analytical work, and project and program preparation, or blend of the above

Financing – Loans and Grants – Infrastructure Focused:Project lending for water projects, Program loans for policy reform, Climate Change Trust Fund, Clean Technology Fund, GEF, leverage bilateral grant financing

Asia – Water Insecurity and Climate Change

Climate Change Information

Impact Assessments

Adaptation strategies andInvestments

Approach to Water Insecurity and Climate

Change – 3 IsProjecting climate

change impacts for water resources –

downscaling, modeling

Identify vulnerability and risks (mapping) for river

basins and cities

Investments in infrastructure, capacity development, and institutions to mitigate risks

and promote adaptation

ADB and Partners Supporting Water Security with Climate Change

• Regional TA – “Promoting Climate Change Adaptation in Asia and the Pacific” (Vietnam, Nepal)

• TA and Loan – “Strengthening the Resilience of Khulna Water Sector of Climate Change (Bangladesh)” “Khulna Water Supply and Sanitation Project”

• TA and Loan - “Citarum Integrated Water Resources Management Investment Program”

RETA: Promoting Climate Change Adaptationin Asia and the Pacific

Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC): Adaptation to Climate

Change• Objective: Assist HCMC in developing effective climate

adaptation approaches• ADB in collaboration with HCMC Peoples Committee &

Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment• Among the world’s cities most likely to

be severely affected by climate change• Large, rapidly growing population (6.3 million)• Economically important: 23% of Viet

Nam’s GDP• Very low elevation: 40%-45% below 1m

MSL• Tidal flooding, storm surges• Saline intrusion• Periodic drought

• Climate change projection: 2050 high emissions scenario (A2)

• Inundation mapping to assess flood control options on:

- exposed population - transportation infrastructure - water supply & sanitation - agriculture, natural ecosystems• Examine ecosystem-based

adaptation approaches in addition to infrastructure:

- mangrove, salt marsh - upstream natural systems• Strategy and investment options

for climate change adaptation

Ho Chi Minh City: Adaptation to Climate Change

TA: Strengthening the Resilience of Khulna Water Sector to Climate Change (Bangladesh)

• National vulnerabilities to Climate Change:

- Flooding

- Drought

- Sea Level Rise – very low area

• Third largest city in Bangladesh - population of 1.4 million (2007)

- Shortage of water supply (currently relying on shallow groundwater aquifers)

- Increased urban flooding

- Drainage congestion

• Technical Assistance aligns with Bangladesh’s Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan (2008)

• ADB assistance for adaptation investment projects with Institute for Water Modeling, Bangladesh:

- City Regional Development Project (2010) - drainage, salinity control

- Khulna Water Supply Project (2011)

– others to follow

Strengthening the Resilience of Khulna Water Sector to Climate Change

Indonesia: Citarum River Basin IWRM Investment Program - TA and Loan

• Citarum River Basin – West Java– Most Strategic Basin in Indonesia; home to 30 million people; 20%

of Indonesia’s GDP; 400,000 ha of irrigated rice; 80% of Jakarta’s surface water supply

– Pollution; flooding; groundwater overdraft land subsidence; upper catchment degradation; increasing competition; weak and uncoordinated institutions; microcosm of Asian water challenges

• ADB Investment Program – the 3 Is– Climate Change downscaling, investment planning and pilot

projects – Flood modeling and future flood investment– Water quality modeling and management planning with local

governments– Catchment management and rehabilitation – Development of bulk surface water supply and groundwater

management– Strengthening the National RBO– Strengthening provincial government – Strengthening local government– 15 year strategic roadmap

IWRM and Water Security• IWRM - IWRM is a process which promotes the co-ordinated

development and management of water, land and related resources, in order to maximize the resultant economic and social welfare in an equitable manner without compromising the sustainability of vital ecosystems.

• Water Security - The GWP’s vision is of water secure world, in which communities needs for social and economic development are met; they are protected from floods, droughts and water-borne diseases; and environmental protection is effectively addressed.

• Moves water management from a process-based concept to an outcome-based concept

• Allows for objective evaluation of the attainment of water needs

• Focuses attention on tangible outcomes

Water Security Outcome-Based

IWRMProcess-Based

• Two levels for ADB and GWP cooperation – 1 Corporate and 2 Country/Project

Water Security Issues to beFurther Explored by ADB and GWP

• Better understanding the 3 E’s – equity, environment and economics

– How to achieve inclusive growth and water security – poverty focus• Improving understanding and assessment of risk and

vulnerability– Climate change, disaster, water quantity and water quality, other

factors?• Scale/unit of analysis for defining water security

– National, basin, or community scale – use, value, and implications of each

• Backwards and forward linkages in a multisector context in relation to water security – energy, food and the nexus with other sectors

– Getting out of the water box– Role and engagement of the private sector and private finance for

water security• Measuring, indexing - assessment of water security• Sub-sector water allocation – urban, industrial, agriculture and

environment uses – water security for each end-use– Water security as a paradigm to assess trade-offs in allocation and

to promote transparent decision making in water management and allocation

Water Security, GWP and ADB Operations

• Utilizing and mainstreaming water security in ADB operations

– Regional Dialogue, Technical Assistance and Financing

• Enhanced ADB capacity for technical dialogue with clients

• Improved tools/frameworks for project risk and vulnerability assessment

• Best practice, lesson learned and scaling-up successful water security and adaptation approaches in ADB projects

• Improving the blend of investments in the 3 Is - information, institutions, and infrastructure - for water security

• Optimizing investments in a multisectoral context to enhance water security while satisfying other development objectives

ADB and GWP/CWP Cooperation - ADB Departments and

Client Members and RWPCentral & West Asia (CWRD) - Central Asia and Caucuses RWP

Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan

East Asia (EARD) - China CWP, Provincial and Basin

Mongolia, People’s Republic of China

South Asia (SARD) – South Asia RWP

Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Sri Lanka

South East Asia (SERD) – Southeast Asia RWP

Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Myanmar (currently not borrowing), Philippines, Thailand, Viet Nam

Pacific (PARD) Cook Islands, Fiji Islands, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Nauru, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu

The Project Cycle

1. Country Partnership and Strategy – Identification of Projects/Program

2. Defining the TA for Project Preparation

3. Implementation of Project Preparation TA

4. Project/program Appraisal

9. Supervision, Monitoring &

Reporting

7. Loan Effectiveness 5. Loan Negotiations

11. Evaluation

8. Project Implementation

10. Completion

6. Loan Approval

Entry Points for ADB and GWP/CWP Cooperation on Water Security

Options for Cooperation on Water Security at the Project or Country Level• Coordinated policy dialogue with governments• GWP consultation and advocacy for proposed ADB

investments• Joint sector analytical work or preparation of

sector assessments and developing action plans– Including vulnerability and risk assessments for climate

change• Participation of GWP in ADB project or technical

assistance preparation and/or implementation• Joint institutional programs that forward the

interests of both organizations• Project and program monitoring • Joint evaluation studies• Cooperation will vary from country to country

Thanks you for your attention – for more information www.adb.org/water

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